scholarly journals The Impact of Urban Sprawl on Environmental Pollution: Empirical Analysis from Large and Medium-Sized Cities of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8650
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

This research sought to uncover the environmental effects that urban sprawl brings about by using panel data of 35 large and medium-sized cities over the timespan 1998–2019. A nonlinear relationship between urban sprawl and environmental pollution might exist and be shown by constructing the conceptual mathematical model. The panel unit root test indicated that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between urban sprawl and environmental pollution. Regression results showed that there is a U-shaped curve relationship between the two core variables for the full sample. The impacts of urban sprawl on environmental conditions have regional heterogeneity. A significant U-shaped curve was discovered for eastern and western regions, while an insignificant inverted U-shaped curve was discovered for the central region. Furthermore, we found a significant U-shaped curve for cities with high and low degree of sprawl. By contrast, we found a significant inverted U-shaped curve for cities with a middle degree of sprawl, which indicated that moderate urban sprawl is beneficial for environmental conditions. We additionally discovered a significant U-shaped curve and inverted U-shaped curve for cities with low and middle pollution, respectively. Fixed-asset investments and foreign direct investments exacerbate urban environmental pollution. Market freedom and industrial structure adjustment are conducive to pollution reduction. The conclusions were consistent when we subdivided the sample by time periods and substituted with a systematic GMM (Generalized Method of Moments) estimation method in the robustness check. Policy recommendations were put forward according to the research findings.

scholarly journals Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Structure Transformation on Haze Pollution across China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5439
Author(s):  
Chenggang Li ◽  
Tao Lin ◽  
Zhenci Xu ◽  
Yuzhu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Structure Transformation ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Impact

With the development of economic globalization, some local environmental pollution has become a global environmental problem through international trade and transnational investment. This paper selects the annual data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2017 and adopts exploratory spatial data analysis methods to explore the spatial agglomeration characteristics of haze pollution in China’s provinces. Furthermore, this paper constructs a spatial econometric model to test the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and industrial structure transformation on haze pollution. The research results show that the high-high concentration area of haze pollution in China has shifted from the central and western regions to the eastern region and from inland regions to coastal regions. When FDI increases by 1%, haze pollution in local and neighboring areas will be reduced by 0.066% and 0.3538%, respectively. However, the impact of FDI on haze pollution is heterogeneous in different stages of economic development. FDI can improve the rationalization level of industrial structure, and then inhibit the haze pollution. However, FDI inhibits the upgrading level of industrial structure to a certain extent, and then aggravates the haze pollution. The research in this paper provides an important decision-making basis for coordinating the relationship between FDI and environmental pollution and realizing green development.

scholarly journals Do Erratic Rainfalls Hamper Grain Production? Analysis of Supply Response of Rice to Price and Non-Price Factors

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Azhar Abbas ◽  
Bader Alhafi Alotaibi ◽  
Fahd O. Aldosri
Keyword(s):  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Supply Response ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Increasing rice production has become one of the ultimate goals for South Asian countries. The yield and area under rice production are also facing threats due to the consequences of climate change such as erratic rainfall and seasonal variation. Thus, the main aim of this work was to find out the supply response of rice in Malaysia in relation to both price and non-price factors. To achieve this target, time series analysis was conducted on data from 1970 to 2014 using cointegration, unit root test, and the vector error correction model. The results showed that the planted area and rainfall have a significant effect on rice production; however, the magnitude of the impact of rainfall is less conspicuous for off-season (season 2) rice as compared to main-season rice (season 1). The speed of adjustment from short-run to long-run for season-1 rice production is almost two-and-a-half years (five production seasons), while for season-2 production, it is only about one-and-a-half year (three production seasons). Consequently, the study findings imply the supply of water to be enhanced through better water infrastructure for both seasons. Moreover, the area under season 2 is continuously declining to the point where the government has to make sure that farmers are able to cultivate the same area for rice production by providing uninterrupted supply of critical inputs, particularly water, seed and fertilizers.

The impact of globalization on the performance of Banks in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadzlan Sufian ◽  
Fakarudin Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multinational Banks ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to provide empirical evidence for the impact globalization has had on the performance of the banking sector in South Africa. In addition, this study also investigates bank-specific characteristics and macroeconomic conditions that may influence the performance of the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach The authors use data collected for all commercial banks in South Africa between 1998 and 2012. The ratio of return on assets was used to measure bank performance. They then used the dynamic panel regression with the generalized method of moments as an estimation method to investigate the potential determinants and the impact of globalization on bank performance. Findings Positive impact of greater economic integration and trade movements of the host country, while greater social globalization in the host country tends to exert negative influence on bank profitability. The results show that banks originating from the relatively more economically globalized countries tend to perform better, while banks headquartered in countries with greater social and political globalizations tend to exhibit lower profitability levels. Originality/value An empirical model was developed that allows for the performance of multinational banks to depend on internal and external factors. Moreover, unlike the previous studies on bank performance, in this empirical analysis, we control for the different dimensions of globalizations while taking into account the origins of the multinational banks. The procedure allows us to test for the home field, the liability of foreignness and global advantage hypotheses to deduce further insights into the prospects of banking across borders.

scholarly journals An empirical analysis of the impact of technological innovation on China’s total employment

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02042
Author(s):  
Peihua Li
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Technological innovation represented by artificial intelligence and 5G networks has developed rapidly, since the reform and opening up, especially in recent years. Technological innovation promotes the upgrading of industrial structure, promotes the increase of employment in emerging industries, at the same time, eliminate the workers in backward industries, which will have an impact on overall employment. Therefore, this paper studies the impact of technological innovation on the total employment of China from an empirical perspective. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and TFP growth rate calculated by the Solow residual method are used as indicators of the level of technological innovation, and the long-term cointegration regression model and short-term impulse response function are established with the number of employees and employment growth rate as the dependent variables, respectively. The study found that, the impact of technological innovation on employment levels has a stable promotion effect in the long run; in the short run, there is a destructive effect at first, but as time goes by, this destructive mechanism gradually occupies the peak, and the creative mechanism begins to take effect. The leading role, technological innovation has a steady promotion effect on employment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Inflation Volatility on an Enterprise’s Innovation Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Potential Output ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Inflation Volatility ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of inflation volatility on an enterprise's innovation strategy. The study showed that increasing inflation leads to a decrease in the stationary level of potential output, as well as to a decrease in the rate of economic growth in the process of transition to a stationary state. A formula is proposed for calculating the total effect of inflation on the level of enterprise output. The negative impact of the inflation rate on the welfare of economic agents was revealed, which is expressed in the fall in their equilibrium consumption level. Higher-income countries have been shown to suffer more from high inflation than poorer countries. All conclusions made in the analysis of the dynamic model of the impact of inflation on potential output are verified based on econometric modelling using methods and models for panel data: models with fixed effects, models with random effects, and a generalized method of moments. Moreover, the obtained empirical results are stable concerning changes in the specification of the equation and estimation method

scholarly journals Innovation or Introduction? The Impact of Technological Progress Sources on Industrial Green Transformation of Resource-Based Cities in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancheng Xie ◽  
Taihua Yan ◽  
Senmao Xia ◽  
Fengzhang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Technology Introduction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

With the increasingly prominent problems of global resource consumption and environmental pollution, industrial green transformation has become one of the requirements of China’s industrial development in the new era. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of technological innovation and technology introduction on the industrial green transformation of resource-based cities. To bridge this gap, this study uses the panel data of 115 resource-based cities in China from 2003 to 2016, and uses the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation method to study the impact of technological innovation and technology introduction on industrial green transformation of resource-based cities. The results show that technology introduction has a negative effect on the industrial green transformation of resource-based cities, while technological innovation can have a positive effect. Meanwhile, technology introduction has imparted a greater role to technological innovation in promoting this transformation. In addition, the interactive effects between technological innovation and technology introduction have obvious heterogeneity on the industrial green transformation of different types of resource-based cities. Therefore, resource-based cities should continue to increase investment in scientific research, to constantly improve and consolidate their technological innovation ability, optimize foreign investment strategy in technology introduction, and strengthen the digestion and absorption of imported technology, while increasing technological innovation and personnel training.

The impact of telecommunication revenue on economic growth: evidence from Ghana

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Atsu ◽  
Charles Agyei ◽  
William Phanuel Darbi ◽  
Sussana Adjei-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Telecommunication Infrastructure ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run impact of telecommunications revenue and telecommunications investment on economic growth of Ghana for the time horizon 1976-2007. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Phillips Perron unit root test to explore the stationarity property of the variables and the Engle-Granger residual-based test of cointegration to model an appropriate restricted error correction model. Findings – The outcome of the analysis produced mixed results. Telecommunications revenue does not contribute significantly whilst telecommunications investment does. Practical implications – Policy makers will have to deal with a conundrum; while designing targeted policies that will attract more telecommunication investment in order to maximize the corresponding revenues and the economic growth it brings in its wake, they must at the same time find ways and resources to grow the economy to a point or threshold where revenue from telecommunications can have the much needed impact on their economies. Originality/value – The study is one of the first that has investigated the line of causality between telecommunication revenue and economic growth unlike previous research that mainly focused on the impact of telecommunication infrastructure on economic development.

scholarly journals Economic Growth by Means of Fiscal Decentralization: An Empirical Study for Federal Developing Countries

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402096808
Author(s):  
Imran Hanif ◽  
Sally Wallace ◽  
Pilar Gago-de-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Fiscal Federalism ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fiscal federalism on economic performance has largely been studied in the developed world since the seminal work of Oates. In this article, we focus on a particular set of developing countries considered to be federal (Forum of Federations), to examine how fiscal decentralization has impacted their economic growth. In this context, we study the impact of tax revenue and expenditure decentralization on economic growth in developing federations. For this purpose, a panel data of 15 developing federations from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed by using a two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation method. The results show that in federal developing countries, both tax revenue and expenditure decentralization have a significant, positive impact on economic growth. What is more, our findings show that the impact of fiscal decentralization on economic growth depends upon the level of perceived corruption and on the quality of the country’s institutions. Thus, empirical evidence depicts that the positive effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth is tempered if the country is plagued with corruption, if it has weak institutions, and/or if it suffers from political instability. By contrast, a relatively corruption-free country featuring healthy institutions and a stable political environment could take fuller advantage of the effects of fiscal decentralization to improve economic growth.

Impact of Trade Openness on Nigerian Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation, 1970–2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald C. Nwadike ◽  
Ani Kelechi Johnmary ◽  
Chukwuma Samuel Alamba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Geopolitical territories have often engaged in one form of trade or another with their neighbours. That is because no nation in the world can survive without one form of trade with other sovereign states. This study examines the nature of trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria from 1970–2011. The emphasis of this empirical study is to ascertain the impact of trade openness on Nigeria’s economic growth. Causal comparative or ex-post facto research design was adopted in the study. Econometric time series analyses like ADF unit root test, co-integration test and the ordinary least squared (OLS) were employed in the study. The result obtained was used to test the hypotheses, and it was revealed that (i) Trade Openness has positive significant impact on Nigeria’s economic growth; while (ii) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) responds to the shock of Trade Openness value as a proxy of total import and total export divided by GDP as well as change in Exchange Rate (DEXR) within Nigeria’s economy during the period of study. Thus, the co-integration results indicate that there exists long-run relationship among the variables used; hence; the researchers then recommended that there is urgent need for the government to create enabling environment for good trade policy that would attract both foreign and domestic private sector investment in the country. JEL Codes: F13, B27

Impact of foreign direct investment inflows on environmental pollution in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Bayar
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment Inflows

The globalization accelerated especially as of 1980s and the countries began to integrate global economy and remove the constraints on the flows of goods, services and capital. In this context, the developed countries partly shifted their environmentally hazardous production activities to the developing countries especially by means of foreign direct investments. This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investment inflows on the environmental pollution in Turkey during the period 1974-2010 by using Toda and Yamamoto (1995) causality test. We found that there was a bidirectional causality between foreign direct investment inflows and  emissions.Keywords: Foreign direct investment inflows,  emissions, causality analysis

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