scholarly journals Learning from COVID-19: Infectious Disease Vulnerability Promotes Pro-Environmental Behaviors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8687
Author(s):  
Da Jiang ◽  
Mingxuan Li ◽  
Hanyang Wu ◽  
Shuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental problems, such as climate change, pollution, and environmental degradation, are important contributors to the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19 and SARS. For instance, a greater concentration of ambient NO2 was associated with faster transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. However, it remains unclear whether outbreaks of infectious diseases arouse individuals’ concern on the need to protect the environment and therefore promote more pro-environmental behaviors. To this end, we examined the relationship between infectious disease vulnerability and pro-environmental behaviors using data from a cross-societal survey (N = 53 societies) and an experiment (N = 214 individuals). At both the societal and the individual levels, infectious disease vulnerability increased pro-environmental behaviors. At the societal level, this relationship was mediated by citizens’ level of environmental concern. At the individual level, the relationship was mediated by empathy. The findings show that infectious disease vulnerability is conducive to pro-environmental behaviors.

An Introduction, Review, and Conceptual Analysis of Mattering as an Essential Construct and an Essential Way of Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110576
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Flett
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sense Of Mattering ◽  
Extended Discussion

While the importance of having self-esteem is widely recognized and has been studied extensively, another core component of the self-concept has been relatively neglected—a sense of mattering to other people. In the current article, it is argued that mattering is an entirely unique and complex psychological construct with great public appeal and applied significance. The various ways of assessing mattering are reviewed and evidence is summarized, indicating that mattering is a vital construct in that deficits in mattering are linked with consequential outcomes at the individual level (i.e., depression and suicidal tendencies), the relationship level (i.e., relationship discord and dissolution), and the societal level (i.e., delinquency and violence). Contemporary research is described which shows that mattering typically predicts unique variance in key outcomes beyond other predictor variables. Mattering is discussed as double-edged in that mattering is highly protective but feelings of not mattering are deleterious, especially among people who have been marginalized and mistreated. The article concludes with an extended discussion of key directions for future research and an overview of the articles in this special issue. It is argued that a complete view of the self and personal identity will only emerge after we significantly expand the scope of inquiry on the psychology of mattering.

scholarly journals A HYBRID MODEL FOR STUDYING SPATIAL ASPECTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENJAMIN J. BINDER ◽  
JOSHUA V. ROSS ◽  
MATTHEW J. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spread Of Infection

AbstractWe consider a hybrid model, created by coupling a continuum and an agent-based model of infectious disease. The framework of the hybrid model provides a mechanism to study the spread of infection at both the individual and population levels. This approach captures the stochastic spatial heterogeneity at the individual level, which is directly related to deterministic population level properties. This facilitates the study of spatial aspects of the epidemic process. A spatial analysis, involving counting the number of infectious agents in equally sized bins, reveals when the spatial domain is nonhomogeneous.

The Climate Change-Temperature-Crime Hypothesis: Evidence from a Sample of 15 Large US Cities, 2002 to 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2096993
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynch ◽  
Paul B. Stretesky ◽  
Michael A. Long ◽  
Kimberly L. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
P Value ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Large N ◽  
Change Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Us Cities

Drawing on prior studies, green criminologists have hypothesized that climate change will both raise the mean temperature and the level of crime. We call this the “climate change-temperature-crime hypothesis” (“CC-T-C”). This hypothesis is an extension of research performed on temperature and crime at the individual level. Other research explores this relationship by testing for the relationship between seasonality and crime within a given period of time (i.e., within years). Climate change, however, produces small changes in temperature over long periods of time, and in this view, the effect of climate change on crime should be assessed across and not within years. In addition, prior CC-T-C studies sometimes employ large geographic aggregations (e.g., the entire whole United States), which masks the CC-T-C association that appears at lower levels of aggregation. Moreover, globally, crime has declined across nations since the early 1990s, during a period of rising mean global temperatures, suggesting that the CC-T-C hypothesis does not fit the general trends in temperature and crime over time. Addressing these issues, the present study assesses the CC-T-C relationship for a sample of 15 large ( N = 15) US cities over a 14-year period. Given the CC-T-C hypothesis parameters, we assessed this relationship using correlations between individual crime and temperature trends for each city. Crime trends were measured by both the number and rate of eight Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Part I crimes, so that for each city, there are 16 crime-temperature correlations. Using a liberal p value ( p = .10), the temperature-crime correlations were rejected as insignificant in 220 of the 234 tests (94%). We discuss the Implications of this finding and suggest that rather than focusing on the temperature-crime relationship, green criminologists interested in the deleterious effects of climate change draw attention to its larger social, economic, environmental and ecological justice implications.

scholarly journals Number of cases of leprosy in Brazil from 2010 to 2015

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Lis Mayra Dantas Monteiro ◽  
Lucas Facco ◽  
Amanda Alves Fecury ◽  
Maria Helena Mendonça de Araújo ◽  
Euzébio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Leprosy is considered an infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae also known as Hansen’s Bacillus. In addition to being a disease with gradual evolution, leprosy depends on the relationship between the parasite and the host. The aim of this study was to show the number of leprosy cases in Brazil between 2010 and 2015 in Brazil. The research was carried out at DATASUS (http://datasus.saude.gov.br/). With the advancement of public policies, the number of cases of the disease in Brazil decreased between 2010 and 2015. It has a higher prevalence in males and the highest rate of patients is found in older age groups, that is, in adults. The disease incubation period (which can vary from 2 to 7 years). In view of this, several problems can be triggered at the individual level, such as debilitating and psychological physical disorders. With a view to reducing the number of cases of the disease in the country and making the diagnosis as early as possible, the clinical findings and tests available for this detection should be analyzed.

Quality of Government and Social Trust

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-558
Author(s):  
Peter Thisted Dinesen ◽  
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Output Side ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In this chapter we review the literature on the relationship between quality of government—conceptualized as quality of institutions at the output side of government—and generalized social trust (trust in strangers). After reviewing the theoretical mechanisms—in both directions—proposed to link social trust and quality of government, we review the empirical evidence. We report considerable evidence for a positive relationship between trust and various manifestations of quality of government at both the societal level (macro) and the individual level (micro). Most studies have limited causal leverage, but a few studies—primarily at the individual level—employ designs better suited for causal statements. These studies suggest a positive effect of institutional quality on generalized social trust. We conclude the review by discussing path for further research.

scholarly journals A Social-Ecological Approach to Identify Facilitators and Barriers of Home Modifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8720
Author(s):  
Carlyn Ellison ◽  
Linda Struckmeyer ◽  
Mahshad Kazem-Zadeh ◽  
Nichole Campbell ◽  
Sherry Ahrentzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Home Modifications ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Aging individuals may face difficulty with independently navigating and interacting with their home environment. Evidence-based interventions promoting home modifications are needed to support aging-in-place across the lifespan. This study identified the facilitators and barriers to implementing home modifications from the perspectives of residents and professionals (N = 16). Guided by a social-ecological model, researchers utilized directed content analysis of focus group interviews. While participants discussed facilitators and barriers mainly on the individual level, factors were presented at the relationship, community, and societal level of the model. Overall, the findings suggest a potential for targeted interventions on all levels of the model to promote adoption of home modifications.

scholarly journals Education and Poverty Relationship in Punjab

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder S. Sarkaria ◽  
Shiwani Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p><em>As education is being increasingly promulgated as an effective tool to reduce poverty, it is pivotal to evaluate the impact of different levels of education on poverty. This chapter analyzes the relationship between education and poverty in Punjab, using data from the primary survey of 1520 households collected over 2008-2010 from rural and urban habitations. Analysis has been done at the household as well as the individual level. Apart from making simple comparisons between standard of living, income and education level, logistic regression has been employed to sort out the determinants of poverty.</em></p><p><em>Standard of living and PCI are positively associated with education level at the household as well as the individual level, implying improvement in educational attainments reduces the likelihood of being poor. The results of logistic regression are in line with the generally accepted theory that educational attainment is critical in declining the incidence of poverty and should be given due consideration in implementing poverty alleviation programs. As one would expect, experience is negatively related with poverty status. </em></p></div>

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

The influence of culture on consumer perceptions of deceptiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haithem Zourrig ◽  
Mengxia Zhang ◽  
Kamel El Hedhli ◽  
Imene Becheur
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Situational Constraint

Purpose This study aims to apply McCornack’s (1992) information manipulation theory to the context of fraud and investigates the effects of culture on perceived deceptiveness. Design/methodology/approach In total, 400 Chinese consumers and an equal-size sample of Canadian consumers were recruited to fill an online survey. The survey integrates four scenarios of insurance fraud and measures of perceived deceptiveness, cultural tightness and horizontal-vertical idiocentrism allocentrism, in addition to some control variables. Findings Results show that at the societal level of culture, perceived deceptiveness is higher in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures. When accounting for the level of situational constraint, cultural tightness was found to magnify the perceived deceptiveness. At the individual level of culture, vertical-allocentrism and vertical-idiocentrism were found to weigh against the perception of deceptiveness. Originality/value Understanding cultural differences in perceived deceptiveness is helpful to spot sources of consumers’ vulnerability to fraud tolerance among a culturally diverse public.

Are Religious Parents More Satisfied Parents? Individual- and Couple-Level Religious Correlates of Parenting Satisfaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1770-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J. Nelson ◽  
Jeremy E. Uecker
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Parenting Satisfaction ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Evangelical Protestants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the 2014 Baylor Religion Survey, we examine the relationship between various aspects of religion and parenting satisfaction. Results confirm prior research findings that personal religiosity is positively associated with parenting satisfaction. We also find that religious heterogamy among couples is associated with lower odds of being a satisfied parent. Furthermore, parents who view their parenting as holy or sacred have much higher odds of reporting being satisfied as parents, and the observed relationships between religiosity and parenting satisfaction at both the individual and couple levels are no longer statistically significant in models controlling for parenting sanctification. The religiously unaffiliated have higher odds than evangelical Protestants of having high parenting satisfaction, suggesting the possible presence of parenting pressures within religious communities with a strong emphasis on family life.

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