scholarly journals Relationship between Running Spatiotemporal Kinematics and Muscle Performance in Well-Trained Youth Female Athletes. A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8869
Author(s):  
Alejandro Castillo-Domínguez ◽  
Jerónimo García-Romero ◽  
Joaquín Páez-Moguer ◽  
Tomás Ponce-García ◽  
Miguel Medina-Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the relationship of neuromuscular performance and spatiotemporal parameters in 18 adolescent distance athletes (age, 15.5 ± 1.1 years). Using the OptoGait system, the power, rhythm, reactive strength index, jump flying time, and jump height of the squat jump, countermovement jump, and eight maximal hoppings test (HT8max) and the contact time (CT), flying time (FT), step frequency, stride angle, and step length of running at different speeds were measured. Maturity offset was determined based on anthropometric variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measurements showed a reduction in CT (p < 0.000) and an increase in step frequency, step length, and stride angle (p < 0.001), as the velocity increased. The HT8max test showed significant correlations with very large effect sizes between neuromuscular performance variables (reactive strength index, power, jump flying time, jump height, and rhythm) and both step frequency and step length. Multiple linear regression found this relationship after adjusting spatiotemporal parameters with neuromuscular performance variables. Some variables of neuromuscular performance, mainly in reactive tests, were the predictors of spatiotemporal parameters (CT, FT, stride angle, and VO). Rhythm and jump flying time in the HT8max test and power in the countermovement jump test are parameters that can predict variables associated with running biomechanics, such as VO, CT, FT, and stride angle.

scholarly journals Variation of spatiotemporal parameters in school children carrying different backpack loads: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Paez-Moguer ◽  
Jesus Montes-Alguacil ◽  
Irene Garcia-Paya ◽  
Miguel Medina-Alcantara ◽  
Angela Margaret Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters

scholarly journals Comparison Between Spatiotemporal Parameters and Vertical Ground Reaction Force in Ankle Sprain Coper and Healthy Athletes: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Zaha Raeisi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Vertical Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Vertical Ground

Purpose: It is essential to maintain dynamic stability during walking to perform daily tasks independently. The present study aimed at comparing the spatiotemporal parameters and the values of the vertical Ground Reaction Force (vGRF) as well as determining the time to reach them in ankle-sprain coper and healthy athletes during the stance phase of gait. Methods: A total of 28 female university athletes were recruited in this cross-sectional study and assigned into two groups: ankle-sprain coper (n=14) and healthy control (n=14). The gait cycle analysis was then performed on a 10-m path, and the information related to the stance phase was recorded by a foot scanning device. The spatiotemporal parameters (gait line and contact time) and the values of the vGRF along with the time to reach them were subsequently obtained from each test. The repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was additionally used to analyze the data (P≤0.05). Results: The study results revealed no differences between the injured and the healthy feet in the ankle-sprain coper group in any of the variables (P>0.05). As well, the spatiotemporal gait cycle parameters between the ankle-sprain coper group and the healthy controls were not significantly different (P>0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the ankle-sprain coper and healthy controls in terms of the variables of the vGRF in the mid-stance (F=5.25, P=0.03) and the time to reach the second peak of the vGRF (F=9.13, P=0.006). Conclusion: The spatiotemporal gait parameters were not significantly different between the ankle-sprain coper and the control groups, but the vGRF in the ankle-sprain coper was greater than that in the control group. With regard to the correlation between the reduction in the vGRF and the secondary injury, it is recommended to pay much attention to this point in rehabilitation programs following the first injury in female athletes.

Developmental Differences in Visual and Auditory Attention: a Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Günther ◽  
Kerstin Konrad ◽  
Joachim Häusler ◽  
Hafida Saghraoui ◽  
Klaus Willmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Attention Tasks

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare performance on visual and auditory attention tasks along with the developmental trajectories of these systems. Participants between 7 and 77 years of age were examined: 490 subjects (229 males and 261 females) completed the visual and auditory part of a focused-attention task, and 688 subjects (320 males and 368 females) were tested with an alertness task in the two different modalities. Shorter reaction times were observed in the visual condition compared to the auditory condition. This difference was particularly large for children and for the more complex, focused-attention task. However, the gap between the two modalities decreased with age, resulting in significant interaction effects between age and modality for both attention tasks. Attentional performance increased with age, and maximum performance was achieved in early adulthood. For nearly all performance variables, no decrease could be detected with increasing age. In addition, the results of a principal components analysis suggest that, independent of modality, all alertness variables load on one component, whereas the performance variables of the visual and the auditory focused-attention task load on two separate components. Thus, our data suggest that visual and auditory attention rely on distinct attentional systems within the selectivity domain of attention and have distinct developmental trajectories.

Relationship between body height and spatiotemporal parameters during a 100-m sprint in able-bodied and unilateral transtibial sprinters

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Wolfgang Potthast ◽  
Ralf Müller ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kobayashi ◽  
Satoru Hashizume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transtibial Amputee ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Spatiotemporal Parameters ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Although anthropometric factors could influence sprint performance in able-bodied sprinters, little is known about the relationships between these anthropometric factors and sprint performance in amputee sprinters. Objectives: To investigate the relationships between body height and spatiotemporal parameters of 100-m sprints in unilateral transtibial amputee and able-bodied sprinters. Study design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: We analyzed elite-level 100-m races of 14 male unilateral transtibial amputee sprinters and 22 male able-bodied sprinters from publicly available Internet broadcasts. For each sprinter’s run, the mean step length and frequency were determined using the number of steps in conjunction with the official race time. Furthermore, body height data for sprinters in both groups were obtained from publicly available resources. Results: Linear relationships were found between body height and mean step length and frequency in able-bodied sprinters, respectively. However, there were no significant relationships between body height and spatiotemporal parameters in transtibial amputee sprinters. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the relationship between body height and spatiotemporal parameters during a 100-m sprint is not the same between unilateral transtibial amputees and able-bodied sprinters. Clinical relevance Understanding of the relationship between body height and spatiotemporal parameters during a 100-m sprint would provide important information that could be utilized for evaluating prosthetic sprint performance and coaching.

scholarly journals Comparison of Gait parameters among the adults (18-24) with and without flatfoot – A Cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Nayan Fulewale ◽  
Dr. Deepak Anap (PT)
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Step

Background: Flat foot is a common deformity in which the medial longitudinal arch is eliminated or reduced, subtalar joint is pronated and the calcaneus achieves valgus position under- weight bearing conditions. Any feet disorder can alter the biomechanics of the entire lower limb. The aim of the study was to compare the gait parameters (Cadence, stride length, step length and pace) among the adults (18-24) with and without flat foot. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study with 3 months duration. Total 56 young adults (18-24) with and without flatfoot were recruited with purposive sampling method. the categorization of the type of arch using Arch-Height index. The Outcome measures were Gait parameters (cadence, distance walked in one minute, speed, step length, stride length) which were noted by pedometer of Smart watch and stride length, step length by using formula using cadence and distance findings. Result: Comparison analysis was done by using unpaired t-test. On comparison of various Gait parameters between normal and flat foot individuals such as cadence (p=0.7), distance walked in one minute (p= 0.96), speed (p=0.78), step length (p= 0.98), stride length (p= 0.92), there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is no difference in gait parameters between flatfoot and normal foot.

Countermovement Jump Height in National-Team Athletes of Various Sports: A Framework for Practitioners and Scientists

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Haugen ◽  
Felix Breitschädel ◽  
Håvard Wiig ◽  
Stephen Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
National Team ◽  
Ski Jumping ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Long Jump

Purpose: To quantify possible differences in countermovement jump height across sport disciplines and sex in national-team athletes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 588 women (23 [5] y, 66 [8] kg) and 989 men (23 [5] y, 82 [12] kg) from 44 different sport disciplines (including 299 medalists from European Championships, World Championships, and/or Olympic Games) tested a countermovement jump on a force platform at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1995 and 2018. Results: Athletic sprinting showed the highest values among the men (62.7 [4.8] cm) and women (48.4 [6.0] cm), clearly ahead of the long jump/triple jump (mean difference ± 90% CL: 6.5 ± 5.0 and 4.3  ± 4.1; very likely and likely; moderate) and speed skating sprint (11.4 ± 3.1 and 7.5 ± 5.5 cm; most likely and very likely; very large and moderate). These horizontally oriented sports displayed superior results compared with more vertically oriented and powerful sports such as beach volleyball, weightlifting, and ski jumping, both in men (from 2.9 ± 4.7 to 15.6 ± 2.9 cm; small to very large; possibly to most likely) and women (5.9 ± 4.8 to 13.4 ± 3.4 cm; large to very large; very likely to most likely), while endurance sports and precision sports were at the other end of the scale. Overall, the men jumped 33% higher than the women (10.3, ±0.6 cm; most likely; large). Conclusions: This study provides practitioners and scientists with useful information regarding the variation in countermovement jump height among national-team athletes within and across sport disciplines.

scholarly journals Muscle Atrophy, Voluntary Activation Disturbances, and Low Serum Concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 Are Associated With Weakness in People With Chronic Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela de Abreu Silva-Couto ◽  
Christiane Lanatovitz Prado-Medeiros ◽  
Ana Beatriz Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Carmona Alcântara ◽  
Araci Teixeira Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Knee Flexors ◽  
Low Serum ◽  
Igfbp 3

Background The muscle weakness that is exhibited poststroke is due to a multifactorial etiology involving the central nervous system and skeletal muscle changes. Insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) have been described as biomarkers of neuromuscular performance in many conditions. However, no information about these biomarkers is available for people with chronic hemiparesis. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate possible factors involved in muscle weakness, such as IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 serum concentrations, muscle volume, and neuromuscular performance of the knee flexors and extensors, in people with chronic hemiparesis poststroke. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 14 individuals poststroke who were paired with healthy controls. Mobility, function, balance, and quality of life were recorded as outcome measures. Knee flexor and extensor muscle volumes and neuromuscular performance were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, dynamometry, and electromyography. The serum concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The hemiparetic group had low serum concentrations of IGF-1 (25%) and IGFBP-3 (40%); reduced muscle volume in the vastus medialis (32%), vastus intermedius (29%), biceps femoris (16%), and semitendinosus and semimembranosus (12%) muscles; reduced peak torque, power, and work of the knee flexors and extensors; and altered agonist and antagonist muscle activation compared with controls. Conclusions Low serum concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3, deficits in neuromuscular performance, selective muscle atrophy, and decreased agonist muscle activation were found in the group with chronic hemiparesis poststroke. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were considered, and the data reflect a chronic poststroke population with good function.

Does a Graduate Course in Fluency Disorders Make a Difference?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn R. Klein ◽  
Barbara J. Amster
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fluency Disorders ◽  
Introductory Course ◽  
Communicative Disorders

Abstract A study by Yaruss and Quesal (2002), based on responses from 134 of 239 ASHA accredited graduate programs, indicated that approximately 25% of graduate programs in the United States allow students to earn their degree without having coursework in fluency disorders and 66% of programs allow students to graduate without clinical experience treating people who stutter (PWS). It is not surprising that many clinicians report discomfort in treating PWS. This cross-sectional study compares differences in beliefs about the cause of stuttering between freshman undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory course in communicative disorders and graduate students enrolled and in the final weeks of a graduate course in fluency disorders.

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