scholarly journals Weightlifting during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Transnational Study Regarding Motivation, Barriers, and Coping of Master Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9343
Author(s):  
Marianne Huebner ◽  
Wenjuan Ma ◽  
Thomas Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Transnational Study

Sport has been heavily impacted by the pandemic for over a year with restrictions and closures of facilities. The main aims of this study are to identify motivation and barriers for an international group of Master weightlifters (ages 35 and up) and analyze age and gender differences in pandemic-related changes to physical activities. A sample of 1051 older athletes, 523 women and 528 men, aged from 35 to 88 years, from Australia, Canada, Europe, and the USA provided responses to an online survey conducted in June 2021. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine age, gender, and regional differences about motivation, barriers, and pandemic impact on sport and physical activities. Participants showed enthusiasm for the opportunity to compete despite health challenges with increasing age but faced barriers due to access to training facilities and qualified coaches even before the pandemic. The oldest athletes had the greatest reduction in physical activities during the pandemic. Weightlifters had the opportunity to compete in virtual competitions and 44% would like to see some of these continued in the future, especially women. These findings highlight the benefits of competitive sports and may provide future directions in strength sports for organizations, sports clubs, and coaches.

Relationship between Children's and Parents' Stereotyping of Physical Activities

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Pellett ◽  
Arlene A. Ignico
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine age and gender differences in perceptions of gender-typed physical activities and to investigate the relationship between children's and parents' perceptions. Participants included 357 students in Grades K, 2, 4, and 6 and their parents ( n = 455) from two elementary schools in Utah. The Physical Activity Stereotyping Index was used to assess both children's and parents' perceptions. Boys scored higher (more stereotypical in perceptions) on the Index than girls. Students in Kindergarten and Grade 2 scored significantly higher than those in Grades 4 and 6, while all adult (parents) groups were less stereotypical in their beliefs than all student groups. Significant correlations were obtained for spouses' scores ( r = .44, p < .001) and for parents' and their children's scores ( r = .24, p < .02).

scholarly journals Climate change risk perception in the USA and alignment with sustainable travel behaviours

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0244545
Author(s):  
Jean Fletcher ◽  
James Higham ◽  
Nancy Longnecker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Climate Change Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Climate Change Concern ◽  
Change Climate ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Lower Carbon

In an online survey of 1071 Americans conducted in October 2016, we found technological optimism, environmental beliefs, and gender to be better predictors of climate change concern than respondents’ perceived ability to visualize the year 2050 and their future optimism. An important finding from this study is that in October 2016, just before the 2016 Presidential election, 74% of responding Americans were concerned about climate change. Climate change ranked as their second most serious global threat (behind terrorism). However, when asked to describe travel in the year 2050 only 29% of participants discussed lower carbon options, suggesting that actively envisioning a sustainable future was less prevalent than climate change concern. Enabling expectations and active anticipation of a low carbon future may help facilitate mitigation efforts.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural validation of an expanded Exercise Addiction Inventory: A preliminary protocol report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMBERTO GRANZIOL ◽  
Mike Trott ◽  
Takayuki Akimoto ◽  
Mia Beck Lichtenstein ◽  
Nikolina Bjegovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Dependence Scale ◽  
Exercise Addiction Inventory ◽  
And Gender

Background and aims. In the last thirty years, the continuously increasing number of studies investigating Exercise Addiction (EA) stimulated interest in developing instruments assessing the risk of exercise addiction (REA). One widely used tool is the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) because it is a brief, easy-to-use, time-saving, and psychometrically validated tool. However, its items based on the Components Model of Addiction still lack some reoccurring symptoms associated with exercise addiction. This protocol report outlines the methods of developing and validating an expanded version of the EAI (EAI-3) in a large international sample.Methods. The EAI-3 will be administered to over 5000 regular exercisers in 15 languages through an online survey. The survey will also include questions from the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised, the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, the SCOFF questionnaire, and the Ten Item Personality Inventory. We will investigate the factorial structure of the EAI-3 through confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, we will test EAI-3’s measurement invariance across languages and gender. Finally, we aim to find a standard cutoff point for at-risk exercisers. Expected results. We expect to obtain a good fit of the EAI-3 structure and general measurement invariance. In addition, we expect associations with another EA measure and the other measures of mental health assessed in the study.Discussion and conclusions. We expect that the results will support an assessment tool useful in measuring the REA with greater accuracy and exhibiting reliability across gender and language (culture).

scholarly journals Obstetricians’ Attitude towards Childbirth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10650
Author(s):  
Ernesto González-Mesa ◽  
Jesús Jiménez-López ◽  
Marta Blasco-Alonso ◽  
Daniel Lubián-López
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Final Score ◽  
And Gender

(1) Background: In Spain, as in other countries, there is an increase in policies and practices focused on the humanization of perinatal care. In this regard, the quality of interpersonal interactions between women and health professionals is one of the main factors, and, apart from other factors, it is influenced by health professionals´ attitudes towards childbirth. The main objective of this study was to determine the attitudes of obstetricians towards the humanization of childbirth and the promotion of a positive childbirth experience. (2) Methods: The psychosocial task force of the Spanish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology designed a nationwide online survey. The questionnaire on attitudes towards childbirth (CAVE, acronym for “cuestionario de actitudes sobre vivencias y experiencias en el parto”) was used for the assessment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the scale were also performed. (3) Results: A total of 384 participants completed the survey. Obstetricians showed a high-quality clinical obstetric performance, but some difficulties in identifying birth-related psychological-trauma risk factors. Some differences according to practice and gender were found in the final score and in areas regarding psychosocial risk, pain, accompaniment, and women´s expectations. (4) Conclusions: In light of the results, it is advisable to launch education initiatives aimed to improve interaction with pregnant women.

Gender-affirming services in speech-language pathology: a survey of current practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brielle C Stark ◽  
Susan Tanney
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Knowledge Of Familiarity ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Personal Research

Purpose: To investigate speech language pathologists’ (SLP) education on, knowledge of, familiarity with, and comfort/confidence in providing services to transgender and other gender-diverse individuals. Method: N=201 SLPs were surveyed online between December 2019 and March 2020, representing practitioners in the USA, Australia, Ireland, Canada, South Africa, and Italy. Empirical data was collected using a mixed-method online survey to evaluate trends in service provision to clients across the gender spectrum.Results: Most respondents identified as cisgender, were between the ages of 26-35 or over 45, and reported having worked with at least one gender-diverse client across their clinical career. SLPs working in facilities dedicated to gender-affirmative care were more likely to have worked with a member of our demographic of interest, and were also more likely to report strong confidence in use of demographic specific terms, like “gender fluid”, “gender dysphoria”, and “gender expression”, and were more likely to report consulting outside sources (conferences, colleagues, personal research) for further information on gender-diverse populations than those working in other spaces. Most respondents indicated hearing and knowing gender-relevant terminology, with mixed agreement about confidence in using said terms in a clinical setting. When asked about feeling confident and comfortable in clinically providing services to this population, the majority indicated that they would not. Conclusions: We discuss critical implications of the work as it pertains to current SLP practices, and also recommend future directions for the field, with the goal of moving toward a field-wide practice where all areas of service delivery are gender-inclusive and gender-affirmative.

Exploring the impact of gender on challenges and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Krase ◽  
Leina Luzuriaga ◽  
Donna Wang ◽  
Andrew Schoolnik ◽  
Chantee Parris-Strigle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
National Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

PurposeRepercussions to everyday life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted certain segments of the population, including older adults, communities of color and women. The societal response to reduce the impact of the pandemic, including closing schools and working from home, has been experienced differentially by women. This study explored how individual challenges and coping mechanisms differed for women as compared to men.Design/methodology/approachThis study used an anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Convenience, snowball and purposive sampling methods were used. Data were collected in June 2020 targeting adults living in Canada and the USA, with a total of 1,405 people responding, of which, the respondents were primarily women, White and with high education levels.FindingsThe results of this study confirm previous research that women struggled more to adapt to the pandemic and felt less prepared than men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, this study found significant differences in the sources of information and support used by women as compared to men.Originality/valueThe findings of this study not only confirm past research but also highlight that practice and policy responses to this pandemic, and future research on national level crises need to be targeted by gender, so that different needs are effectively addressed. Additionally, this article also identifies sources or challenges, as well as support, in order to inform and strengthen such responses.

Homo- and transnegativity in sport in Europe: Experiences of LGBT+ individuals in various sport settings

2020 ◽  
pp. 101269022096810
Author(s):  
Ilse Hartmann-Tews ◽  
Tobias Menzel ◽  
Birgit Braumüller
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Sporting Culture ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Minority Stress Model ◽  
Lgbt Individuals

There is broad academic consensus that LGBT+ individuals have been marginalised in both sporting culture and in the academic literature. While the majority of academic research is conducted in the USA, UK, Canada and Australia, the present research is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the situation and experiences of LGBT+ individuals in sport in Europe based on a quantitative online survey with LGBT+ respondents over 16 years old ( N = 5524). Against the background of a multilevel model for understanding the experiences of LGBT+ individuals and the minority stress model, this article focuses on two questions: firstly, if, and to what extent, LGBT+ individuals witness or experience homo-/transnegative episodes in sport and, secondly, whether they refrain from participating in sport and/or feel excluded from specific sports due to their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. The analysis takes into account diverse intersections of sexual orientation and gender identities within the umbrella of LGBT+ and different sport contexts that reflect the broad scope of sport cultures. Data reveal that non-cisgender persons make up the most vulnerable group within the umbrella of LGBT+ and that there is an inverse relation of distal/proximal stressors with regard to experiences of homophobic language in different sport contexts.

Measurement Invariance of a Universal Behavioral Screener Across Samples From the USA and Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Casale ◽  
Robert J. Volpe ◽  
Brian Daniels ◽  
Thomas Hennemann ◽  
Amy M. Briesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
School Based ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Universal Screener ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Abstract. The current study examines the item and scalar equivalence of an abbreviated school-based universal screener that was cross-culturally translated and adapted from English into German. The instrument was designed to assess student behavior problems that impact classroom learning. Participants were 1,346 K-6 grade students from the US (n = 390, Mage = 9.23, 38.5% female) and Germany (n = 956, Mage = 8.04, 40.1% female). Measurement invariance was tested by multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) across students from the US and Germany. Results support full scalar invariance between students from the US and Germany (df = 266, χ2 = 790.141, Δχ2 = 6.9, p < .001, CFI = 0.976, ΔCFI = 0.000, RMSEA = 0.052, ΔRMSEA = −0.003) indicating that the factor structure, the factor loadings, and the item thresholds are comparable across samples. This finding implies that a full cross-cultural comparison including latent factor means and structural coefficients between the US and the German version of the abbreviated screener is possible. Therefore, the tool can be used in German schools as well as for cross-cultural research purposes between the US and Germany.

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