scholarly journals Lung Function in Traditional Shellfish Divers in Southern Chile—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10641
Author(s):  
Lorenz Mark ◽  
Marie Astrid Garrido ◽  
Dennis Nowak ◽  
Katja Radon ◽  
Laura Wengenroth
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diving Depth ◽  
Chi Squared

The long-term effects of diving on human lung function are controversially discussed. We investigated the lung function of traditional shellfish divers in southern Chile and identified risk factors for reduced lung volumes in divers. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed lung function in traditional shellfish divers and fishermen from two fishing communities. Male divers and fishermen aged 18–60 years were recruited. Participants’ health and diving habits were assessed via standardized questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests and multiple linear regression models were applied. Through door-to-door sampling, we recruited 112 divers and 63 fishermen (response 67%). Valid spirometries were obtained from 98 divers and 52 fishermen. Divers had higher values of forced vital capacity (FVC, Beta = 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09; 0.47) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1, Beta = 0.23, 95%-CI: 0.07; 0.39) compared to fishermen. Among divers, lower values of FVC (Beta = −0.35, 95%-CI: −0.65; −0.05) were found in those with a high diving frequency, while diving depth was associated with higher values of FVC (Beta = 0.28, 95%-CI = 0.04; 0.52). Professional divers had better lung function compared to fishermen. However, among divers, lung function decreased with cumulative diving exposure, warranting approval in future studies to ensure the safety and health of divers.

scholarly journals Lung function: population epidemiology and concordance in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Welsh ◽  
Gayan Kathriachchige ◽  
Tahmeed Raheem ◽  
Anneke C Grobler ◽  
Melissa Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Z Scores

ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of lung function in Australian children aged 11–12 years and their parents, and explore the degree of intergenerational concordance.DesignCross-sectional study (the Child Health CheckPoint) nested in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).SettingAssessment centres in seven Australian cities and eight regional towns, February 2015 to March 2016. Families unable to attend a clinic appointment were offered a home visit during the same period.Participants1874 families (53% of all eligible) participated in the study. Lung function data were available for 1759 children aged 11–12 years and 1774 parents (1668 biological pairs).Outcome measuresParticipants completed spirometry with measures including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid expiratory flow (MEF), converted to z-scores using Global Lung Initiative equations. Parent–child concordance was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression models. Survey weights and methods accounted for LSAC’s complex sampling, stratification and clustering within postcodes.ResultsAll lung function measures followed approximately normal distributions. Mean (SD) for FEV1, FVC and MEF z-scores in children were 0.33 (1.07), 0.83 (1.14) and −0.48 (1.09), respectively. Mean (SD) in parents were 0.28 (1.10), 0.85 (1.15) and −0.45 (1.10), respectively. Parent FEV1, FVC and MEF were associated with child lung function with significant positive correlation coefficients (0.22, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.26; 0.24, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.29; and 0.24, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.29, respectively).ConclusionsMean lung volumes were larger but with smaller airway size than international standards for both parents and children in this population sample. Modest associations between parent and child lung function highlight the potential for better identification of ‘at risk’ populations. Therefore, these findings may aid the development of health policy that aims to prevent the onset or limit the progression of lung disease.

scholarly journals Chronic Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function of Farmer and Breeder in UTU Village, Tabanan, Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti ◽  
Ni Putu Ayu Widiasari ◽  
Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Passive Smoker

AIM: The objective of the study was to determine chronic respiratory symptoms and lung function of farmers. METHODS: The study was conducted in Utu Village, Tabanan, Bali with 84 subjects. This research was observational analytic cross sectional study. RESULTS: Three dominant chronic respiratory symptoms in farmers were coughing (15.1%), dyspnea (13.1%), and phlegm (13.1%). Average values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were 83.75 ± 34.42, respectively, 81.62 ± 34.30 and 104.90 ± 13.90, respectively. Cough was dominant experiencing by smokers (p = 0.008). Mean of FEV1% prediction and FVC% prediction value was lower in passive smoker group than no smoker group (p = 0.005 and p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure while farming and raising livestock can cause chronic respiratory symptom and lung function decline in farmers and can be influenced by smoking history and secondhand smoke exposure.

scholarly journals Plasma Levels of Fetuin B and Fibrinogen in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Preliminary Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CV Shri Swathini ◽  
MVP Chowdary
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Introduction: Recent exploratory proteomics study reported increased blood levels of Fetuin B (FETUB) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Growing body of evidence demonstrates fibrinogen not only as acute phase reactant but also possesses features advocating as biomarker of COPD. Aim: To determine the blood levels of FETUB and fibrinogen independently as well as in combination COPD and among severity of COPD. Materials and Methods: A single-centred cross-sectional study of eight months duration was conducted during May to December 2017. A total of 76 blood samples (38 COPD patients and 38 controls) were recruited. Based on distribution, parametric and non parametric statistical tools were used. Analysis of co-variance and multiple multivariate linear regression models were utilised to assess the influence of clinical data on FETUB. Steel-Dwass-Critchlow- Fligner method was employed for multiple pairwise comparisons. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve were generated to compute cut-off of FETUB, fibrinogen and their combination. Results: The median age of subjects were 57 years with an IQR of 50-66 years for controls whereas 58 years (IQR 50-65 years) for COPD subjects. In comparison to controls, a significant increase in blood levels of both FETUB and fibrinogen in COPD and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stages of COPD was prominent. Among COPD grades, differences of FETUB levels were significant in GOLD I vs II and GOLD IV vs I, II and III whereas fibrinogen levels in GOLD III from GOLD IV. FETUB showed independent correlation with Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) 1% pred and severity of COPD. A moderate improvement in combined (FETUB+fibrinogen) analysis of control vs COPD was noticed. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates significant increase in blood levels of FETUB in COPD and among the severity of COPD in comparison to fibrinogen. Hence, FETUB can be a more promising probable inflammatory biomarker in COPD.

scholarly journals Associations between multimorbidity and glycaemia (HbA1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional study in Australian general practice

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e039625
Author(s):  
Jason I Chiang ◽  
John Furler ◽  
Frances Mair ◽  
Bhautesh D Jani ◽  
Barbara I Nicholl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Australian General Practice

ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence of multimorbidity as well as individual and combinations of long-term conditions (LTCs) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) attending Australian general practice, using electronic health record (EHR) data. We also examine the association between multimorbidity condition count (total/concordant(T2D related)/discordant(unrelated)) and glycaemia (glycated haemoglobin, HbA1c).DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAustralian general practice.Participants69 718 people with T2D with a general practice encounter between 2013 and 2015 captured in the MedicineInsight database (EHR Data from 557 general practices and >3.8 million Australian patients).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of multimorbidity, individual and combinations of LTCs. Multivariable linear regression models used to examine associations between multimorbidity counts and HbA1c (%).ResultsMean (SD) age 66.42 (12.70) years, 46.1% female and mean (SD) HbA1c 7.1 (1.4)%. More than 90% of participants with T2D were living with multimorbidity. Discordant conditions were more prevalent (83.4%) than concordant conditions (69.9 %). The three most prevalent discordant conditions were: painful conditions (55.4%), dyspepsia (31.6%) and depression (22.8%). The three most prevalent concordant conditions were hypertension (61.4%), coronary heart disease (17.1%) and chronic kidney disease (8.5%). The three most common combinations of conditions were: painful conditions and hypertension (38.8%), painful conditions and dyspepsia (23.1%) and hypertension and dyspepsia (22.7%). We found no associations between any multimorbidity counts (total, concordant and discordant) or combinations and HbA1c.ConclusionsMultimorbidity was common in our cohort of people with T2D attending Australian general practice, but was not associated with glycaemia. Although we did not explore mortality in this study, our results suggest that the increased mortality in those with multimorbidity and T2D observed in other studies may not be linked to glycaemia. Interestingly, discordant conditions were more prevalent than concordant conditions with painful conditions being the second most common comorbidity. Better understanding of the implications of different patterns of multimorbidity in people with T2D will allow more effective tailored care.

scholarly journals Quality of Life Prior and in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study with Brazilian Dietitians

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2712
Author(s):  
Raquel Adjafre da Costa Matos ◽  
Rita de Cassia Coelho de Almeida Akutsu ◽  
Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽  
Raquel Braz Assunção Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Squared

Dietitians as healthcare professionals could decrease their quality of life during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic period; therefore, this study aimed to compare Brazilian dietitians’ perceptions of quality of life before and during the pandemic. This nationwide cross-sectional research aimed to evaluate Brazilian dietitians’ quality of life before and in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a previously validated self-administered instrument WHO-QOL-BREF in Brazilian-Portuguese. The questionnaire was composed of 26 items (four domains) to evaluate life quality (physical, psychological, social relationship, and environment). The questionnaire also presented some sociodemographic variables and three questions about the COVID-19 pandemic. It was applied using GoogleForms® platform (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA). For the statistical analysis of data, Paired T-test, Chi-squared test, and Analysis of Variance were used. A total of 1290 Brazilian dietitians replied to the instrument. Comparing quality of life (QoL) before SARS-COV-2 (3.83 ± 0.59) and during the pandemic (3.36 ± 0.66), data was statistically different. Comparing prior and in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, all variables and domains presented statistical differences (better before the pandemic period). Among Brazilian dietitians, the psychological health domain was the most affected. The Sars-Cov-2 pandemic negatively impacted the QoL of Brazilian dietitians since health professionals face changes in their lives because of work.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zaher Nazzal ◽  
Deema Odeh ◽  
Fatima Azahraa Haddad ◽  
Mohammad Berawi ◽  
Belal Rahhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
University Students ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Functions ◽  
Expiratory Flow

Background. Waterpipe smoking in young individuals is increasing with limited studies addressing its respiratory health effects. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of waterpipe smoking on young adults’ lung functions. Spirometric parameters were compared between waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study of university students, including males and females, was conducted. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to record students’ characteristics. The spirometry test was performed to assess students’ lung functions; we recorded the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%). Results. A total of 300 apparently healthy students (150 waterpipe smokers and 150 nonsmokers) were included in the study. Waterpipe smokers showed significantly lower values in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% compared to the nonsmoker group (P<0.05 to P<0.001). The subgroup analysis on female students (50 WP smokers and 50 nonsmokers) showed a significant decrease in FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25–75% parameters (P<0.001). Conclusion. Waterpipe smoking is associated with reduced spirometric parameters in healthy young adults with relatively limited smoking years.

scholarly journals A "miracle" cancer drug in the era of social media: A survey of Brazilian oncologists' opinions and experience with phosphoethanolamine

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Juliana Florinda M. Rêgo ◽  
◽  
Gilberto Lopes ◽  
Rachel P. Riechelmann ◽  
Cinthya Sternberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Summary Introduction: Patients who are treating cancer have often used alternative therapies. In the internet era, information can be broadcasted widely, and this happened with phosphoethanolamine in Brazil, where this substance was claimed by the population to be the "cure for cancer." Method: This is a cross-sectional study developed by the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology (SBOC). An objectively structured questionnaire was sent by e-mail and SMS to active MDs members of the SBOC. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance between the variables was tested by Pearson's Chi-squared test (p<0.05 was considered significance). Results: The survey was sent to 1,072 oncologists, and 398 (37.1%) answered at least part of it. One hundred and fifteen (28.9%) had followed patients who had used phosphoethanolamine. Among these, 14 (12.2%) observed adverse events and four (3.5%) attributed clinical benefit to the substance. Most of the oncologists (n=331; 83.2%) believe that it should only be used as part of a clinical trial protocol. Most physicians did not recommend this drug to their patients (n=311; 78.1%). Oncologists in Southeast, South and Midwest Brazil were more likely to have patients taking the drug compared to the Northern and Northeastern regions. Conclusion: This is the first survey to assess the opinion and experience of oncologists about this alternative therapy. Most oncologists in Brazil do not believe that synthetic phosphoethanolamine is active in cancer treatment, do not recommend its use without proper evaluation, and state that it should only be available to patients in the context of clinical trials.

scholarly journals Recurrent wheeze and its relationship with lung function and airway inflammation in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in South Korea

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e018010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Eun Soh ◽  
Kyung-Moon Kim ◽  
Ji-Won Kwon ◽  
Hyung Young Kim ◽  
Ju-Hee Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Recurrent Wheeze

BackgroundRelationship between recurrent wheeze and airway function and inflammation in preschool children is not fully known.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between recurrent wheeze and airway inflammation, lung function, airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) and atopy in preschool children.DesignObservational study, comparing forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and mid-forced expiratory flow (FEF25%–75%), dose–response slope (DRS), exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and atopic sensitisation between children with recurrent wheeze and those without.SettingPopulation-based, cross-sectional study in Seoul and the Gyeonggi province of Korea conducted as a government-funded programme to perform standardised measurement of the prevalence of allergic diseases, and related factors, in preschool children.Participants900 children aged 4–6 years.Primary and secondary outcome measureseNO, FEV1/FVC, FEF25%–75%, DRS, atopic sensitisation and allergic diseases.MethodsChildren completed the modified International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire and underwent eNO assessments, spirometry, methacholine bronchial provocation tests and skin prick tests. Recurrent wheeze was defined as having a lifetime wheeze of more than three episodes, based on the questionnaire. The frequency of hospitalisation and emergency room visits was also obtained by means of the questionnaire. ‘Current’ wheeze was defined as having symptoms or treatments within the past 12 months.ResultsThe prevalence of recurrent wheeze was 13.4%. Children with recurrent wheeze showed a higher prevalence of lifetime or current allergic rhinitis (p=0.01 and p=0.002, respectively) and lifetime atopic dermatitis (p=0.007). Children with recurrent wheeze showed lower FEV1/FVC (p=0.033) and FEF25%–75%(p=0.004), and higher eNO levels (p=0.013) than those without recurrent wheeze. However, the DRS, prevalence of atopic sensitisation and serum IgE levels were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsRecurrent wheeze in preschool children may be associated with airway inflammation and diminished airway function, but not with AHR or atopy.

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