scholarly journals Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Regarding Carcinogenic Pesticides in Fez Meknes Region (Morocco)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10879
Author(s):  
Zineb Ben Khadda ◽  
Mustapha Fagroud ◽  
Yahya El Karmoudi ◽  
Said Ezrari ◽  
Imane Berni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Environment And Health

Pesticides play an important role in the improvement of agricultural production, but their use may result in adverse effects on the environment, consumers, and farmers’ health. As there are limited data focusing on the factors influencing safety behavior toward pesticide use in Morocco, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 15 rural communities of Morocco’s Fes Meknes region to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding pesticide use. A structured questionnaire was completed, containing the data of the interviewed farmers, their behavior towards safety measures, the type of active ingredient used, as well as the perception of risks to their own health following exposure to pesticides by the existence of chronic, self-perceived symptoms. Non-probability (empirical) sampling with the quota method was carried out, which consists of constructing the sample. Results showed that most respondents have not been trained in the application of pesticides, with almost half of the farmers using a category of pesticides which are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable human carcinogenic (i.e., Glyphosate, Malathion). In terms of pesticide storage, 40% of farmers said that they did not store pesticides in a separate room after purchasing or using them. The empty containers were buried or burnt by half of the responders, while the remainder were thrown at the edge of fields or in public dumps. Although the participants were aware of the negative effects on their own health and on the environment caused by the application of pesticides in use, the protection measures by individual equipment were insufficient. A canonical analysis indicates that these behaviors were influenced by the farming experience, the benefit of the agricultural council services, the follow-up of training, and the education level. These variables are important factors in explaining and understanding the dangers to both the environment and health caused by pesticides. The most recorded likely consequences of pesticide exposure were visual impairment (46%), followed by dizziness (44.3%), headache (39.4%), and excessive sweating (34.4%), and 30.2% of participants identified consequent respiratory problems. Extension services targeted at safety and protection measures should be developed and accompanied by educational programs to put farmers’ perceptions into practice and encourage them to adopt healthy and environmentally friendly behaviors.

Do regulations protect workers from occupational exposures to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents in France?

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Nathalie Havet ◽  
Alexis Penot ◽  
Morgane Plantier ◽  
Barbara Charbotel ◽  
Magali Morelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
International Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis article explores the impact of regulations on the implementation of collective protections in France to occupational exposure to carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic (CMR) agents.MethodsIndividual data from the French national cross-sectional survey of occupational hazards conducted in 2010 were analysed. We investigated whether stricter regulations and longer exposures were associated with higher level of collective protection using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsGeneral ventilation, for which effect is limited as collective protection for CMR products, was present in 19% of situations involving CMR agents while isolation chambers, the most effective form of protection, were only very rarely implemented. Multilevel logistic regressions show that exposure situations to products classified as category 1 or 2 by the European Union do not have a higher probability of benefiting from a collective protection measures. Exposures to products with a Binding Occupational Exposure Limit Value selectively benefited from a better level of protection. Exposures to agents entered on the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) list of proven or probable carcinogens benefited more from effective collective protections than products suspected to be carcinogens but not yet classified by IARC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the dissemination of evaluations of carcinogens by the IARC translate into improved protective measures even though the IARC classification has no mandatory impact on regulations.

scholarly journals Variability and predictors of weekly pesticide exposure in applicators from organic, sustainable and conventional smallholder farms in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Fuhrimann ◽  
Philipp Staudacher ◽  
Christian Lindh ◽  
Berna van Wendel de Joode ◽  
Ana M Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Pesticide Exposures

ObjectiveEstimates of pesticide exposure among applicators from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce, and exposure assessment methods are sometimes costly or logistically unfeasible. We examined the variability in weeklong pesticide exposure among applicators in Costa Rica and its predictors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey among 221 pesticide applicators from organic, sustainable and conventional farms in 2016. We administered structured questionnaires to assess pesticide application practices at two time points (4–6 weeks apart). We adapted an existing algorithm to fit the context of smallholders and derive weekly pesticide exposure scores. We used linear mixed-effect models to examine within-worker and between-worker score variability. We then identified sociodemographic and occupational predictors of weekly pesticide exposure scores.ResultsWe observed high within-worker and between-worker variability in weekly pesticide exposures (eg, up to 180-fold and 70-fold differences in average weekly exposures within and between workers, respectively; intraclass correlation coefficient=0.4). Applicators working on conventional and sustainable farms had exposure scores twofold and 1.5-fold higher than those working in organic farms, respectively. Farm workers who received training on pesticide use had weekly pesticide exposure scores of 33% (95% CI 1% to 55%) lower than those who did not receive any training.ConclusionsIn this study of applicators from smallholder farms in Costa Rica, we determined the importance of collecting questionnaire data on self-reported pesticide use repeatedly due to its high variability within workers and absence of application records. Our questionnaire-based exposure algorithm could allow the calculation of semiquantitative estimates of average pesticide exposure for applicators from other LMICs.

Proposal for Improving Records Management Practices of Traditional Institutions in Ga Molepo, South Africa

Mousaion ◽  
10.25159/2054 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Mahlaga Johannes Molepo ◽  
Linda M. Cloete
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Traditional Institutions

The way in which an institution treats its records is crucial for its survival in a rapidly changing society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the records management practices and challenges faced by traditional institutions of leadership and governance in Ga Molepo, Limpopo, South Africa. The researcher employed a cross-sectional survey in order to quantitatively examine the challenges faced by members of traditional councils. A researcher administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool to study a stratified sample of 35 members from an estimated population of 350. The findings revealed patterns and trends of non-compliance with records management standards and guidelines. Although there were sporadic cases of record keeping, a greater number of respondents revealed that traditional institutions lack the facilities, equipment, education and trained/skilled personnel to apply correct records management procedures in their daily administration of their traditional communities. The main value of the study is to create awareness of records management as one of the neglected areas in traditional institutions – which are by current legislative arrangement, the closest form of leadership and governance for rural communities in light of their relationship with local municipalities and the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs.

scholarly journals Impacts of Pesticide Exposure on Paddy Farmers’ Health

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhra Bhattacharjee ◽  
MAZ Chowdhury ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
MK Alam
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Paddy Farmers

Effects of pesticide exposure on farmer’s health are conducted mostly in developed countries, which is rare in least developed countries like Bangladesh. Here farmers had less guidance and instruction about the preventive measures to protect themselves and environment. This work was studied to assess the impacts of pesticide exposure on the paddy farmer’s health in two different Upazilas of Manikganj, Bangladesh. The study was conducted as cross-sectional study with quantitative and qualitative components. Five hundred eighty two farmers (368 sprayers and 214 non-sprayers) were interviewed. Chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Three hundred sixty eight farmers (64.3%) sprayed pesticides and were directly exposed to chemicals. Among them 64.22% and 9.06%, farmers used moderately and highly hazardous pesticides, respectively. 257 farmers (69.8%) were not taken any protective measures to handle pesticides. Excessive sweating, burning eyes and fatigue were reported by 26.3%, 24.4% and 18.8% of the farmers, respectively. These types of symptoms were significantly associated among male farmers. The study reveals that due to lack of awareness, occupational exposures of pesticides among farmers are common in Bangladesh and it also emphasize the importance of use of personal protective equipments. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 18-25, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16326

scholarly journals Distribution of sources of household air pollution: a cross-sectional study in Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esong Miranda Baame ◽  
André Pascal Goura ◽  
Bertrand Hugo Ngahane Mbatchou ◽  
Berenice Walage ◽  
Herman Styve Yomi Simo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Health District ◽  
Household Air Pollution ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Household air pollution (HAP) is a recognised risk factor for many diseases, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular/circulatory disorders, adverse pregnancy outcomes and cataracts. Population exposure to biomass fuels, including wood, varies among countries and from one fuel source to the other. This study aimed to investigate the different sources of HAP in peri-urban and rural communities in Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a representative sample of households from the Dschang Health District (DHD) region. This included 848 homes in which a range of fuels for cooking including biomass (firewood, charcoal, sawdust), kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) were used both indoors and outdoors. Results: Of the study households, 651 (77%) reported exclusive use of firewood and 141 (17%) reported using more than one source of fuel. Exclusive use of firewood was greater in rural communities (94%) than in peri-urban communities (38%). In peri-urban communites, use of multiple fuels including LPG, wood, sawdust and kerosene, was more common (44.75%). A total of 25.03% of households in both peri-urban and rural communities reported using bottled gas (or liquified petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking. Motivations for choice of fuel included, price, availability (easy access), rapidity, tradition or culture related factorsConclusion: Wood is the main cooking fuel in both peri-urban and rural communities in the Dschang Health District. Work to help households (especially those who are resource poor) to adopt LPG equipment for cooking, and use in a more exclusive way is required.

Effect of the Migration Option on Rural Microenterprise Establishment Decisions in the Mfantsiman Municipality of Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 097300522096500
Author(s):  
William Yaw Amuesi Kodwiw ◽  
John Victor Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Migration Factor ◽  
Institutional Support Services ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
Returns On Investment

The role of microenterprise in providing economic opportunities and employment options to the poor due to their ease of entry is recognised across the world. To enhance rural job creation through microenterprise development interventions, it is essential to understand how microenterprise establishment decisions are made among rural dwellers. The study examined how the option to migrate to other localities affects microenterprise establishment decisions among rural dwellers in the Mfantsiman Municipality of Ghana. A mixed method design was used in the study. This involved a cross-sectional survey of 20 rural communities, during which data was collected from 800 respondents. Data were also collected from one focus group in each of the 20 communities. A conjoint decision analysis was carried out from interactions of the attributes of each respondent with the migration factor and other socio-economic factors. The migration option reduced the probability of local microenterprise establishment, with the most significant effect among people aged between 15 and 30 years. Furthermore, rural microenterprise establishment decisions are least influenced by the interactive effect of personal attributes and the migration factor as compared to interaction with other factors including access to electricity, institutional support services, market for outputs and returns on investment.

scholarly journals Neurobehavioural symptoms and acute pesticide poisoning: a cross-sectional study among male pesticide applicators selected from three commercial farming systems in Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyene Negatu ◽  
Roel Vermeulen ◽  
Yalemtshay Mekonnen ◽  
Hans Kromhout
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pesticide Applicators ◽  
Acute Pesticide Poisoning

ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence of acute pesticide poisoning (APP) and its association with neurobehavioural symptoms in Ethiopian pesticide applicators.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional survey among 256 pesticide applicators from small-scale irrigated farms, a large-scale open farm and large-scale greenhouses. APP was ascertained using a modified WHO case definition, and neurobehavioural symptoms were collected with a standardised questionnaire (Q16). Exposure to pesticides was estimated using detailed exposure algorithms specifically developed for Ethiopian farms. Multiple logistic regression models were used to estimate risk of APP and its association with neurobehavioural symptoms.ResultsOverall APP prevalence was 16%. Working as an applicator in greenhouses was strongly associated with APP (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.54). Estimated annual pesticide exposure was also associated with APP (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.20). Longer duration of employment appeared to be negatively associated with APP. Having had an APP was strongly associated with reporting more neurobehavioural symptoms (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.58) independent of cumulative pesticide exposure. Cumulative exposure to pesticides appeared to be associated with neurobehavioural symptoms among applicators without and with APP.ConclusionsWe showed a substantial prevalence of APP that differed between farming systems and was strongly associated with neurobehavioural symptoms. Intensity of exposure was also clearly associated with these symptoms. Reduction and control of occupational exposure to pesticides is urgently needed in Ethiopia.

Environmental Influences on Physical Activity in Rural Adults: The Relative Contributions of Home, Church, and Work Settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Kegler ◽  
Deanne W. Swan ◽  
Iris Alcantara ◽  
Louise Wrensford ◽  
Karen Glanz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Relative Contribution

Background:This study examines the relative contribution of social (eg, social support) and physical (eg, programs and facilities) aspects of worksite, church, and home settings to physical activity levels among adults in rural communities.Methods:Data are from a cross-sectional survey of 268 African American and Caucasian adults, ages 40–70, living in southwest Georgia. Separate regression models were developed for walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity as measured in METs-minutes-per-week.Results:Social support for physical activity was modest in all 3 settings (mean scores 1.5–1.9 on a 4-point scale). Participants reported limited (<1) programs and facilities for physical activity at their worksites and churches. An interaction of physical and social aspects of the home setting was observed for vigorous and moderate physical activity and total METs. There were also interactions between gender and social support at church for vigorous activity among women, and between race and the physical environment at church for moderate physical activity. A cross-over interaction was found between home and church settings for vigorous physical activity. Social support at church was associated with walking and total METs.Conclusions:Homes and churches may be important behavioral settings for physical activity among adults in rural communities.

scholarly journals Lymphatic Filariasis in Southwestern Nigerian Rural Communities: A Cross-sectional Survey of the Knowledge, Awareness, and Predisposing Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolatito Oluwabiyi ◽  
Oyetunde T. Oyeyemi ◽  
Adetayo Olorunlana ◽  
Nofisat Omiyeniyi ◽  
Ayomide Koleosho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional
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