scholarly journals Impact of the State of Emergency during the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020 on Asthma Exacerbations among Children in Kobe City, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11407
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Kandai Nozu ◽  
Shinya Ishiko ◽  
Atsushi Kondo ◽  
Takeshi Ninchoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Asthma Exacerbations ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kobe City

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic altered environmental factors. We studied the impact of these changes on asthma exacerbation (AE) by comparing the AE-related environmental factors between COVID-19 (2020) and pre-COVID-19 (2011–2019) eras. Between 2011 and 2020, 278,465 children (<16 years old) visited our emergency department, and 7476 were diagnosed with AE. The number of patients showed spring and fall peaks in 2011–2019. Multivariate analyses showed significant positive relationships of the number of AE patients with the average temperature among all patients and 0–5-year-olds and with sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels in 2011–2019 among 0–5-year-olds. Although the spring peak in the number of patients was not observed in 2020 after declaration of a state of emergency, the fall peak was again observed after the state of emergency was lifted. No changes in average temperature were detected, but SO2 was significantly reduced following declaration of the state of emergency in 2020. Therefore, SO2 reduction might have contributed to the disappearance of the peak of AE. However, a fall peak was observed again in 2020, although SO2 levels continued to be low. These data suggest that person to person interaction seems to be associated with AE, presumably due to unknown viral infections.

scholarly journals Jornalismo e pandemia: impactos da Covid-19 nas rotinas de produção do jornalismo independente do Ceará

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Edgard Patrício
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Impact

In February 2020, the Sars-CoV-2 virus is detected in Brazil. The first death, resultingfrom the disease caused by it, comes in March. Also in March the first case and the first death by Covid-19 in Ceará are notified, and the state decrees a state of emergency. Mobility restriction measures are determined. The situation affects the production of journalism. National surveys (FÍGARO, 2020; FENAJ, 2020) attest to the impact of the pandemic on the conditions and working relationships of communicators and journalists. This study seeks, in addition to the repercussion on workers, to understand the changes caused by the spread of the virus on Ceará's independent journalism initiatives. Contrary movements verified by the referred researches are verified, which accounts for specificities related to the journalism production routines of these initiatives

scholarly journals Exacerbations of COPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (147) ◽  
pp. 170103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Viniol ◽  
Claus F. Vogelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Copd Exacerbations ◽  
Recommended Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide. While COPD is a mainly chronic disease, a substantial number of patients suffer from exacerbations. Severe exacerbations are related to a significantly worse survival outcome. This review summarises the current knowledge on the different aspects of COPD exacerbations. The impact of risk factors and triggers such as smoking, severe airflow limitation, bronchiectasis, bacterial and viral infections and comorbidities is discussed. More severe exacerbations should be treated with β-agonists and anticholinergics as well as systemic corticosteroids. Antibiotic therapy should only be given to patients with presumed bacterial infection. Noninvasive ventilation is indicated in patients with respiratory failure. Smoking cessation is key to prevent further COPD exacerbations. Other aspects include choice of pharmacotherapy, including bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, long-term antibiotics and mucolytics. Better education and self-management as well as increased physical activity are important. Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination is recommended. Treatment of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia reduce the rate of COPD exacerbations, while most interventional bronchoscopic therapies increase exacerbation risk within the first months after the procedure.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Butu ◽  
Ioan Sebastian Brumă ◽  
Lucian Tanasă ◽  
Steliana Rodino ◽  
Codrin Dinu Vasiliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumer Buying Behavior

The present paper intends to address the impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of Suceava. The study relies on the interpretation of answers received from the quarantined area (N = 257) to a questionnaire applied online nationwide. The starting point of this paper is the analysis of the sociodemographic factors on the purchasing decision of fresh vegetables directly from local producers before declaring the state of emergency in Romania (16 March 2020). Further research has been conducted by interpreting the changes triggered by the COVID-19 crisis on the purchasing intention of such products before and after the end of the respective crisis. The aim of this scientific investigation relies on identifying the methods by which these behavioral changes can influence the digital transformation of short food supply chains.

Public Security in the Polish Law on State of Emergency

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Bernard Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Public Security ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the essential issues in the provisions of the law relating to public security in force in the Republic of Poland which are used in conditions of extraordinary internal threats that cannot be dealt with using ordinary legal tools. The considerations are based on an analysis of the legally regulated obligations of the state as a political organisation to society for securing the conditions for its survival in a changing security environment. This serves to present the basic issues of public security and the rules for the use of the State instruments for states of emergency. The rest of this article presents the relationship between issues of public security and a state of emergency. In this part of the article it is essential to discuss the circumstances that must exist to be able to employ specific legal measures in the conditions of threats to the constitutional order of the State and threats affecting the security of the citizens or of public order (including those caused by terrorist activities). Consequently, it discusses the impact of the rigours of a state of emergency in relation to the potential for limiting the escalation of these threats. The final part of the article also presents other instruments, apart from the state of emergency which, in the Polish legal system, can be used in the fight against threats which endanger public security and that are related to prohibited activities in cyberspace.

scholarly journals Enviromental factors as the elements determing the development of floating homes

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Emilia MISZEWSKA ◽  
Maciej NIEDOSTATKIEWICZ ◽  
Radosław WIŚNIEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of Floating Homes in Western Europe and North America is noticeable. The interest in these facilities in Poland is also constantly growing. The popularity of Floating Homes is due to climate change, rising land prices and population density in city centers. However, environmental factors play a significant role in their development. The publication presents the results of research on the impact of environmental factors on the development of Floating Homes in Poland. As part of the research, the most important environmental factors were identified and then, using the State of the Surroundings Scenarios (SSS) method, an initial scenario of their development was developed. The most probable scenario was developed, the purpose of which was to identify the most favorable factors - strengths and unfavorable factors - weaknesses responsible for the development opportunities of Floating Homes in Poland. Additionally, a surprise scenario was prepared, which indicated factors that may unexpectedly accelerate the development of Floating Homes in Poland or slow it down.

scholarly journals The Impact of Legislative Changes on the Number of Calls to the Romanian Covid 19 Telverde Helpline

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Mihai Buzatu ◽  
Georgeta Dinculescu ◽  
Florentina Ligia Furtunescu ◽  
Dana Galieta Mincă
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Telephone Calls ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract On 24th of February 2020, the Ministry of Health in Romania announced the operationalization of the Green Line, known as Telverde, within the National Institute of Public Health, in order to provide citizens with information related to the prevention of Sars-Cov-2 infection. The number of registered calls increased considerably at the time of the declaration of the pandemic, the beginning and the cessation of the state of emergency and during the issuance of military ordinances. Different key periods were studied and compared so that we could determine if the major administrative and legislative events have influenced the number of registered calls. Our findings sustained the supposition that the major events that took place during this period have indeed influenced the number of telephone calls made to TelVerde helpline.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency admission for patients with stroke: a time series study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuaki Tani ◽  
Shinobu Imai ◽  
Kiyohide Fushimi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Appropriate treatment of stroke immediately after its onset contributes to the improved chances, while delay in hospitalisation affects stroke severity and fatality. This study aimed to determine the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on emergency hospitalisation of patients with stroke in Japan. Methods This was an observational study that used nationwide administrative data of hospitalised patients diagnosed with stroke. We cross-sectionally observed patients’ background factors during April and May 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic-related state of emergency was declared; we also observed these factors in the same period in 2019. We also modelled monthly trends in emergency stroke admissions, stroke admissions at each level of the Japan Coma Scale (JCS), fatalities within 24 h, stroke care unit use, intravenous thrombolysis administration, and mechanical thrombectomy implementation using interrupted time series (ITS) regression. Results There was no difference in patients’ pre-hospital baseline characteristics between the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. However, ITS regression revealed a significant change in the number of emergency stroke admissions after the beginning of the pandemic (slope: risk ratio [RR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–0.99, P = 0.027). There was a significant difference in the JCS score for impaired consciousness in emergency stroke, which was more severe during the pandemic than the pre-pandemic (JCS3 in level: RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.29–2.33, P < 0.001). There was no change in the total number of fatalities with COVID-19, compared with those without COVID-19, but there were significantly more fatalities within 24 h of admission (fatalities within 24 h: RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.29–2.33, P < 0.001). Conclusions The infection prevalence of COVID-19 increased the number of fatalities within 24 h as well as the severity of illness in Japan. However, there was no difference in baseline characteristics, intravenous thrombolysis administration, and mechanical thrombectomy implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. A decrease in the number of patients and fatalities was observed from the time the state of emergency was declared until August, the period of this study.

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 pandemic for patient care in an Interventional Radiology Unit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Veiga ◽  
Sofia Amante ◽  
Nuno Vasco Costa ◽  
José Hugo Luz ◽  
Filipe Veloso Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
The State ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose: Assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in work volume in an Interventional Radiology Unit during the “State of Emergency” (16th March - 30th April) in 2020 and to analyse the short-term consequences for oncology patients.Materials and Methods: Single-centre retrospective analysis. The number and type of procedures performed during the “State of Emergency” was compared with the homologous period in 2019. The second analysis compared the impact on disease progression for oncology patients after the “State of Emergency”. All patients that had a scheduled loco-regional treatment (LRT) (74 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); 10 liver metastases) between 2nd May - 16th July 2020 were compared with the homologous period in 2019 (68 HCC; 11 liver metastases). The compared outcome measures included: baseline data, time from diagnostic imaging to LRT, LRT performed as planned, change in LRT.Results: There was a 55.2% reduction of procedures during the “State of Emergency” (n=77 in 2020; n=172 in 2019) with a significant increase in urgent procedures (48.1% in 2020; 33.1% in 2019; p=0.0120). Post-“State of Emergency”, in 2020, HCC patients had higher model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores (p=0.0124) and larger tumours (mean difference of 8.7 mm, p=0.0071). Mean time from diagnostic imaging to LRT increased 14.1 days (p=0.0439). More patients received different or no LRT due to disease progression (15.5% in 2020; 3.8% in 2019; p=0.0061).Conclusion: There was a reduction in interventional oncology treatments during the “State of Emergency” with more patients experiencing disease progression precluding LRTs in the following months.

PATHOGENETIC MARKERS OF ECOLOGICALLY RELATED RESPIRATORY DISEASES

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Виткина ◽  
Tatyana Vitkina ◽  
Людмила Веремчук ◽  
Lyudmila Veremchuk ◽  
Ирина Симонова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Diseases ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the integral parameters of respiratory function, the values of LPO-AOD system and NO level at bronchopulmonary pathology in individuals living in different ecological areas of the city of Vladivostok. 206 patients living in different ecological conditions (healthy individuals, patients with respiratory disorders) were examined. Lung function and the state of LPO-AOD system were studied; the concentration of NO metabolites was assessed in blood serum. The nature and strength of the impact of environmental factors on respiratory function, the state of LPO-AOD, NO level were studied by the method based on correlation analysis. There was calculated power index (D) which was differentiated into power within the system (Ds) which in its turn reflects the in-system interrelationship tension (LPO-AOD, respiratory) and power between systems (Dm) characterizing the activity of interconnections and response to an external stimulus. Intra-system dependences typical for the unfavorable zone were viewed in relation to the favorable zone. It was found out that in ecologically unfavorable regions in individuals with different bronchopulmonary pathologies the value of Ds increases. This indicates that the pathogenic influence of environmental factors increases. In healthy people living in ecologically unfavourable area physiological adaptive-compensatory reaction of the body was revealed, which was proved by high power interconnections (Dm). In the patients with chronic bronchitis there was maintained an adequate level of functioning of the body systems studied. In patients with COPD living in an unfavourable zone there were found strong links between the indicators of the system of LPO-AOD and of NO, and in patients with bronchial asthma - supplementary relationship between lung function and NO. At the same time pathologic changes in the system of LPO-AOD and NO depend on the general pollution, metal and gas components contained in the air. Thus, the people with respiratory diseases being in environmentally unfavorable conditions have the most negative influence. The analysis of the activity of relationships proved that violations of interaction of LPO-AOD systems and NO in ecologically unfavorable regions may contribute to the occurrence and progression of bronchopulmonary diseases.

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