scholarly journals The Influence of Body Position on Determining Aerobic Exercise Intensity for Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11773
Author(s):  
Rogério de Siqueira Peters ◽  
Maria do Socorro Luna Cruz ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
Cristian Martinez-Salazar ◽  
Fernando Policarpo Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Post Hoc

To verify the influence of the resting heart rate (RHR) measurement on different positions in the calculation of VO2max intensities in young individuals of both sexes. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a correlational design with a sample of 22 men and 11 women, aged 27.8 ± 6.5 years and 29.0 ± 8.6 years, respectively, healthy, active and sedentary, who performed the stress test on a treadmill until fatigue. For the treatment of the data, a repeated measures ANOVA was carried out with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Results: The comparison of the mean values of baseline heart rate (Bhr) between the groups of women and men showed significant differences (t = 2.329; gl 31; p = 0.027). However, no significant differences were noted for lying (t = 0.057; gl 31; p = 0.95), sitting (t = 0.196 gl 31; p = 0.85) or standing (t = −0.290; gl 31; p = 0.77). But in the analysis of the intensities of the RHR in different positions, the calculations with baseline and lying HR were significantly different (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The determination of aerobic training intensities by RHR method must observe the heart rate measurement at rest in the sitting and/or standing positions minutes before the training session.

scholarly journals From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Voogt ◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Tessa Scheffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. ‘partying’) and uncommon situations (e.g. ‘driving’). Methods Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. Results General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents’ perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children’s knowledge of adults’ alcohol use in these situations. Conclusions Children aged 4–8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

scholarly journals Children’s Social Perception of Peers’ Dento-Facial Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480-1485
Author(s):  
Sunil Babu Kotha ◽  
Ayah AlMenawi ◽  
Reem Abdullah AlKhalaf ◽  
Alhanouf Khalid Binhezaim ◽  
Turki Hamdan AlHarbi
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Facial Condition

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the participant’s perceptions about their peers’ dento-facial condition with different incisal appearances (intact, discoloured, fractured, and avulsed incisors).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren of both primary (8-11 years) and secondary (12-14 years) levels. Each participant was asked to judge photographs with one intact and three digitally modified central incisors giving the appearance of a traumatised tooth. Data on perceptions were collected for each condition using 12 attributes (8 positive and 4 negative; scored on a 4 point Likert scale). The positive, negative and total attribute scores were analysed separately by unpaired Student’s t-test. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis was also used.RESULTS: A group of 587 children participated in the study. The perception for intact and traumatised incisors about demographic factors is well appreciated. Among the gender delineation, girls showed a significant difference in judgment between discoloured and fractured incisors. In comparison to intact incisors, positive and total attributable scores were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001), whereas negative attribute scores were significantly lower (P < 0.001) for traumatised incisors. Pairwise comparison showed high significance (p <0.001) between the intact and traumatised incisor conditions.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that visible dental trauma influenced the psychosocial judgment given by children towards their peers. This judgment would, in turn, affect their level of acceptance towards such appearances. Therefore, these conditions ought to be redressed as swiftly as possible.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The primary purpose of this study was to highlight the psychosocial perceptions of children in judging their peers, regarding not only attractiveness but also intelligence, friendliness, confidence, outgoing nature, etc.

Influence of respiration frequency on heart rate variability parameters: A randomized cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Remko Soer ◽  
Marianne W.M.C. Six Dijkstra ◽  
Andre Bieleman ◽  
Frits G.J. Oosterveld ◽  
Noortje Rijken
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiration Frequency ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

BACKGROUND: Many patients visiting physiotherapists for musculoskeletal disorders face psychosocial challenges which may form a large barrier to recover. There are only a limited number of evidence based psychosocial therapies, but they are mainly based on breathing exercises. OBJECTIVE: to study which respiration frequency would lead to the highest relaxation, reflected in vagal tone derived from the heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy subjects. METHODS: A randomized controlled cross sectional study was performed. Respiration cycles of four, five, six, seven and eight breaths per minute (BPM) were delivered in randomized order for two minutes each. HRV metrics were measured during the sessions with electrocardiogram (ECG). Repeated Measures ANOVA’s were performed to analyze differences between breathing frequencies. RESULTS: 100 healthy volunteers were included (40 male). Standard Deviation of inter beat intervals (SDNN) values were significantly highest at 5 BPM, whereas the Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD) values appeared highest at 7 breaths per minute (p< 0.01). High Frequency (HF) power was lowest at 4 BPM, whereas Low Frequency (LF) power was not significantly influenced by respiration frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Breathing at a frequency of 5 to 7 breaths per minute leads to highest HRV values, but there is no single respiration ratio that maximizes all metrics. Physiotherapists may use five to seven BPM as guidance to determine ideal breathing frequencies.

scholarly journals Impact of cutoff points on adolescent sedentary behavior measured by accelerometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ially Rayssa Dias Moura ◽  
Arthur Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Romanzini ◽  
Alcides Prazeres Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of cutoff points in defining sedentary behavior (SB) time and prevalence, measured by accelerometers in adolescents from Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents aged between 10 and 14 years from public schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba state, conducted in 2014. SB was measured by an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) and the following cutoff points were applied: Evenson (≤ 25 counts/15sec), Puyau (< 800 counts/60sec), Vanhelst (≤ 400 counts/60sec), Hänggi (< 3 counts/1sec) and Romanzini (≤ 180 counts/15sec), along with the 20 and 60-minute accelerometer nonwear time. To compare the average and prevalence of excessive SB time (≥ 8 hours/day) between cutoff points, one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (Bonferroni post hoc) and the Cochran test, respectively, were used. There were significant differences in average SB between the cutoff points analyzed (p > 0.05), ranging from 37.44 min/day (Romanzini: 547.37 min/day vs. Vanhelst: 584.81 min/day) to 370.44 min/day (Hänggi: 310.51 min/day vs. Puyau: 680.95 min/day) for the 20-minute nonwear criterion; and from 81.52 min/day (Evenson: 502.41 min/day vs. Romanzini: 583.93 min/day) to 361.94 min/day (Hänggi: 354.58 min/day vs. Puyau: 716.52 min/day) for the 60-minute criterion. The prevalence of excessive SB varied from 3.3% (Hänggi) to 99.3% (Puyau). Average daily SB and the prevalence of excessive SB in the adolescents showed marked differences between the cutoff points assessed.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability in Shift Workers: Responses to Orthostatism and Relationships with Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Blood Pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayara Mussi Monteze ◽  
Breno Bernardes Souza ◽  
Henrique José de Paula Alves ◽  
Fernando Luiz Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
José Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Orthostatic Position

In order to investigate the response of heart rate variability (HRV) components to postural change and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in shift workers, a cross-sectional study with 438 Brazilian males rotating shift workers was done. Anthropometric, body composition, and clinical measures were collected. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 3 minutes, in the supine and orthostatic position, and HRV components were extracted. Descriptive analyses showed that mean values of body mass index, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, visceral fat area (VFA), and blood pressure (BP) were higher than the reference values. In the regression model, age, WC, VFA, and systolic BP showed negative association with HRV components. These findings suggest the need for determining effective strategies for the evaluation and promotion of health among shift workers focused on the altered variables.

Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098781
Author(s):  
Mathias Paiva ◽  
Lars Blønd ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
Keyword(s):  
Trochlear Dysplasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Tibial Tubercle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trochlear Groove ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

Diabetes and pre-eclampsia affecting pregnancy: a retrospective cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram R Kalagiri ◽  
Niraj Vora ◽  
Jessica L Wilson ◽  
Syeda H Afroze ◽  
Venkata N Raju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Post Hoc

The interaction between pre-eclampsia and diabetes mellitus (DM) is far from being completely understood. In this study, we compared normal pregnancies with those complicated with pre-eclampsia, gestational DM, and/or pre-existing diabetes to assess the effects of hyperglycemia on placental development. AnInstitutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective cross-sectional study with 621 subjects was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Duncan’s post hoc test and analysis of variance. Regardless of diabetes status, patients with pre-eclampsia delivered prematurely. Patients in the group with pre-eclampsia and pregestational diabetes delivered much earlier, at 35.0±0.4 weeks, when compared with the patients that had pre-eclampsia with gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia with no diabetes (*P<0.05 for each). Additionally, patients with pre-existing diabetes who developed pre-eclampsia delivered smaller babies than those with pre-existing diabetes without pre-eclampsia (1.00±0.03, P<0.05 for each). Pre-existing diabetes with added insult of pre-eclampsia led to fetal growth restriction. This outcome validates the understanding that elevated glucose earlier in pregnancy alters placentogenesis and leads to fetal growth restriction.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability and blood pressure among Japanese men and women: a community-based cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Mori ◽  
Isao Saito ◽  
Eri Eguchi ◽  
Koutatsu Maruyama ◽  
Tadahiro Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Men And Women

Comparative assessment of odontometric parameters for gender determination: A hospital based cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mosmi Lomi ◽  
Jonathan Daniel M
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Maxillary Canine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Significant Difference

Determining gender is one of the most important procedure in forensics. Teeth are made of the most enduring mineralized tissues in the body, as such, they have an extraordinary resistance to putrefaction and the effects of external agents (physical, thermal, mechanical, chemical or biological) which makes them invaluable material for anthropological, genetic, odontologic and forensic examinations.i)To assess the degree of sexual dimorphism in maxillary canine using maxillary canine index, maxillary first molar and central incisor using mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual/buccopalatal (BL) dimensions of the crown. ii) To determine the accuracy of maxillary canine index, first molar and central incisor dimensions (mesiodistal and buccolingual/buccopalatal) in determining sex.This study consisted of total 30 participants (males=15, females=15) of age group ranging from 20 to 35 yrs. Measurement of dimensions of selected teeth were performed on maxillary cast using digital Vernier caliper, resolution 0.01mm. Data thus obtained were analyzed statistically.The mean values of all the measurements in males were greater than females. There was statistical significant difference in mean value of bucco-lingual width of molar, mesiodistal width of canine (on left side, right side and average) and the inter-canine distance between males and females. The buccolingual width of molar showed the highest % of sexual dimorphism (5.33%) and the mesiodistal width of molar showed the least % of dimorphism (0.7%). Bucco-lingual width of molar posed the highest prediction accuracy for gender determination. We conclude that buccolingual width of maxillary first molar can be used to predict the gender when only teeth of maxillary arch are available for forensic examination.

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