scholarly journals Impact of cutoff points on adolescent sedentary behavior measured by accelerometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ially Rayssa Dias Moura ◽  
Arthur Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Romanzini ◽  
Alcides Prazeres Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Cochran Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of cutoff points in defining sedentary behavior (SB) time and prevalence, measured by accelerometers in adolescents from Northeastern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents aged between 10 and 14 years from public schools in João Pessoa, Paraíba state, conducted in 2014. SB was measured by an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) and the following cutoff points were applied: Evenson (≤ 25 counts/15sec), Puyau (< 800 counts/60sec), Vanhelst (≤ 400 counts/60sec), Hänggi (< 3 counts/1sec) and Romanzini (≤ 180 counts/15sec), along with the 20 and 60-minute accelerometer nonwear time. To compare the average and prevalence of excessive SB time (≥ 8 hours/day) between cutoff points, one-way ANOVA for repeated measures (Bonferroni post hoc) and the Cochran test, respectively, were used. There were significant differences in average SB between the cutoff points analyzed (p > 0.05), ranging from 37.44 min/day (Romanzini: 547.37 min/day vs. Vanhelst: 584.81 min/day) to 370.44 min/day (Hänggi: 310.51 min/day vs. Puyau: 680.95 min/day) for the 20-minute nonwear criterion; and from 81.52 min/day (Evenson: 502.41 min/day vs. Romanzini: 583.93 min/day) to 361.94 min/day (Hänggi: 354.58 min/day vs. Puyau: 716.52 min/day) for the 60-minute criterion. The prevalence of excessive SB varied from 3.3% (Hänggi) to 99.3% (Puyau). Average daily SB and the prevalence of excessive SB in the adolescents showed marked differences between the cutoff points assessed.

scholarly journals From Age 4 to 8, Children Become Increasingly Aware About Normative Situations for Adults to Consume Alcohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Voogt ◽  
Koen Smit ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Roy Otten ◽  
Tessa Scheffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Frequent Drinking ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Aims Limited cross-sectional studies have indicated that young children have some knowledge of the type of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. However, it is unclear when and how this knowledge develops over time. This study tests the hypothesis that between the ages of 4 and 8, children become more knowledgeable about common drinking situations (e.g. ‘partying’) and uncommon situations (e.g. ‘driving’). Methods Data of two independent samples were used: a cross-sectional study (parents) and a three-wave longitudinal study (children). Parents and children were recruited via a convenience and random sampling strategy, respectively. To identify common, ambivalent, and uncommon drinking situations, parents (N = 158; 47% men) completed an online survey in which they indicated how common it is that any adult would drink alcohol in the 18 situations of the Dutch electronic appropriate beverage (eABT). Children (N = 329; 48.9% boys) completed the Dutch eABT to assess their knowledge of situations in which adults usually consume alcohol. Results General linear model repeated measures with post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed that parents’ perceptions of common, ambivalent, and uncommon situations in which adults consume alcohol predicted the initial level and the change over time in children’s knowledge of adults’ alcohol use in these situations. Conclusions Children aged 4–8 become increasingly knowledgeable about drinking norms in specific situations which implies that they know in what kind of situation alcohol consumption is a common human behavior. This knowledge may put them at risk for early alcohol initiation and frequent drinking later in life.

scholarly journals Social interaction game to promote empathy among first year medical students: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3096
Author(s):  
Liaquat R. Johnson ◽  
Ramiz Raja
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Game

Background: Empathy is integral to professionalism, but is lacking in medical students. There are few interventions that promote empathy. This pilot study describes the first use of a novel intervention to promote empathy.Methods: A novel social interaction game was developed and administered to first MBBS students. It provided an experiential simulation of persons belonging to lower socioeconomic strata over 4 simulated ‘days’. This cross-sectional study assessed the impact of the intervention on empathy using a 5-point Likert scale to score self-perceptions across several domains. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA).Results: There was a statistically significant decline in scale scores on all days following Day 1 (p<0.05). This was true across all domains. Cronbach’s alpha for internal reliability was 0.91 for Day 1; and 0.97 for Day 1 through Day 4. Open ended comments indicated empathic feelings were generated due to the intervention.Conclusions: A simulation experience like the social interaction game described here, may be used to improve the attitudes and empathy of medical students towards persons from low socioeconomic backgrounds.

scholarly journals The elections and campaign styles influence the spread of COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5441
Author(s):  
Praveenlal Kuttichira ◽  
Pulikkottil Rapheal Varghese ◽  
Presthiena Lofi E. L. ◽  
Prasad A. B.
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Number ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Background: The pandemic caused by SARS-Cov-2 and its variants whack the world with overlapping waves. Kerala is the Indian state which successfully curbed the first wave of COVID-19, getting noticed when daunted by the second wave. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two elections held in Kerala on the transmission of COVID-19 from October 1st, 2020 to May 5th, 2021.Methods: The study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design with publicly available data. The test positivity (TPR) and daily number of cases (DNC) collected from governmental websites of Kerala, India and COVID-19 dashboards entered in MS Excel 2007 and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25. Biweekly average of TPR and DNC was analysed in descriptive statistics and DNC at different periods in the context of elections were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction and post hoc test of Bonferroni correction.Results: The findings showed that the daily number of COVID-19 cases increased after both local body and assembly elections, but a statistically significant increase was found after the assembly election [mean difference= 1069 (357.047-1782.419) at p=0.002 from the pre-election period].Conclusions: The study revealed that the conduct of elections in stages and organizing campaigns limiting to the local area following COVID protocols had a demonstrable positive effect against the potential of pandemic spread.

scholarly journals The postural control of Brazilian children aged 6 to 9 years using a smartphone is similar to their posture with eyes closed

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Thiago Weyk de Oliveira Beliche ◽  
Tânia Cristina Dias da Silva Hamu ◽  
Thailyne Bizinotto ◽  
Celmo Celeno Porto ◽  
Cibelle Kayenne Martins Roberto Formiga
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brazilian Children

Introduction: Electronic devices have been used by increasingly younger people, leading researchers to investigate the impact of these technologies on the health of developing children. Objective: To investigate the impact of smartphone use on the postural control of Brazilian children 6 to 9 years old.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 278 children from public schools in Goiânia (Goiás, Brazil). The children were assessed in an orthostatic posture with the computerized baropodometry system in three conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, and using a free smartphone application. Results: The children were 8.36 years old on average, 82% of them were well-nourished, and had a daily mean screen time of 2 hours. The postural control analyses revealed that the children made greater postural adjustments with their eyes closed than with them open. When using the smartphone application, the postural adjustments were similar to those with eyes closed. In the stabilometry, the postural displacements made by the children behaved similarly to the static assessment only in total feet surface area. Conclusion: Smartphone use and absence of visual stimulus in the orthostatic position caused postural instability in children 6 to 9 years old. These findings can contribute to understanding the impact of technologies on children’s development of balance in daily tasks.

scholarly journals Impact of Smoking Cessation on Lung Function Parameters – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Yogita Hatmode ◽  
Dhanesh Kumar K. U.
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Impact

Background: There have been widespread adverse effects and association between smoking and tobacco use across published researches, but very few studies have been investigated on the beneficial effects that accompany a long-term cessation of smoking. Comparing the lung function with normal subjects might significantly use the results obtained, if positive, to encourage current smokers to quit smoking and quitters to continue to refrain from smoking.  Aims: To determine the impact of cessation of smoking on lung function parameters in quitters as compared to smokers and non-smokers. Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was on smokers, non-smokers, and quitters in rural area of Mangalore city. A total of 150 individuals were selected for the study, 50 each from all 3 groups of smokers, non-smokers and quitters using convenient sampling method using convenient sampling process. All participants were examined for Pulmonary Function Test parameters. The analysis was carried out using the Analysis of the variance test to determine the impact of smoking cessation in lung function parameters. Results: Significant differences were observed between quitters, smokers and non-smokers in terms of lung function parameters using ANOVA (FVC-p<0.001**, FEV1-p<0.001**, FEV1/FVC-p=0.04** PEFR difference between the groups was not significant with p=0.25). Analysis of PFT parameters using Tukey’s multiple post-hoc procedures revealed that FVC and FEV1 showed a significant differences between the quitter group when compared to the smoker group p<0-001**. Conclusion: Smoking cessation was followed by substantial change in lung function parameters FVC and FEV1 between the quitters as opposed to the smoker community.

scholarly journals Children’s Social Perception of Peers’ Dento-Facial Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1480-1485
Author(s):  
Sunil Babu Kotha ◽  
Ayah AlMenawi ◽  
Reem Abdullah AlKhalaf ◽  
Alhanouf Khalid Binhezaim ◽  
Turki Hamdan AlHarbi
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Facial Condition

AIMS: This study aimed to compare the participant’s perceptions about their peers’ dento-facial condition with different incisal appearances (intact, discoloured, fractured, and avulsed incisors).MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolchildren of both primary (8-11 years) and secondary (12-14 years) levels. Each participant was asked to judge photographs with one intact and three digitally modified central incisors giving the appearance of a traumatised tooth. Data on perceptions were collected for each condition using 12 attributes (8 positive and 4 negative; scored on a 4 point Likert scale). The positive, negative and total attribute scores were analysed separately by unpaired Student’s t-test. Repeated Measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc analysis was also used.RESULTS: A group of 587 children participated in the study. The perception for intact and traumatised incisors about demographic factors is well appreciated. Among the gender delineation, girls showed a significant difference in judgment between discoloured and fractured incisors. In comparison to intact incisors, positive and total attributable scores were found to be significantly higher (P < 0.001), whereas negative attribute scores were significantly lower (P < 0.001) for traumatised incisors. Pairwise comparison showed high significance (p <0.001) between the intact and traumatised incisor conditions.CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that visible dental trauma influenced the psychosocial judgment given by children towards their peers. This judgment would, in turn, affect their level of acceptance towards such appearances. Therefore, these conditions ought to be redressed as swiftly as possible.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The primary purpose of this study was to highlight the psychosocial perceptions of children in judging their peers, regarding not only attractiveness but also intelligence, friendliness, confidence, outgoing nature, etc.

scholarly journals The Influence of Body Position on Determining Aerobic Exercise Intensity for Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11773
Author(s):  
Rogério de Siqueira Peters ◽  
Maria do Socorro Luna Cruz ◽  
Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽  
Cristian Martinez-Salazar ◽  
Fernando Policarpo Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Post Hoc

To verify the influence of the resting heart rate (RHR) measurement on different positions in the calculation of VO2max intensities in young individuals of both sexes. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a correlational design with a sample of 22 men and 11 women, aged 27.8 ± 6.5 years and 29.0 ± 8.6 years, respectively, healthy, active and sedentary, who performed the stress test on a treadmill until fatigue. For the treatment of the data, a repeated measures ANOVA was carried out with Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Results: The comparison of the mean values of baseline heart rate (Bhr) between the groups of women and men showed significant differences (t = 2.329; gl 31; p = 0.027). However, no significant differences were noted for lying (t = 0.057; gl 31; p = 0.95), sitting (t = 0.196 gl 31; p = 0.85) or standing (t = −0.290; gl 31; p = 0.77). But in the analysis of the intensities of the RHR in different positions, the calculations with baseline and lying HR were significantly different (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The determination of aerobic training intensities by RHR method must observe the heart rate measurement at rest in the sitting and/or standing positions minutes before the training session.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of malocclusion and dentofacial anomalies on the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Floriani Kramer ◽  
Luciana M. Pereira ◽  
Mariana Cezar Ilha ◽  
Tássia Silvana Borges ◽  
Maria Perpétua Mota Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Dental Injuries ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between malocclusion/dentofacial anomalies and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in adolescents. Materials and Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised 509 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years enrolled at public schools in the city of Osório, southern Brazil. Parents answered a structured questionnaire addressing demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. An examiner who had undergone a training and calibration exercise recorded malocclusion/dentofacial anomalies (Dental Aesthetic Index, DAI), TDI (Andreasen), and dental caries (World Health Organisation). Statistical analyses (SPSS software) involved Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The prevalence of TDI was 11.6%, and the prevalence of defined, severe, and handicapping malocclusion was 24.0%, 21.6%, and 22.0%, respectively. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the probability of TDI was approximately twofold higher among adolescents with severe malocclusion (prevalence ratio [PR] 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–4.31) and handicapping malocclusion (PR 1.95; 95% CI 1.01–3.85) in comparison to those with normal occlusion or minor malocclusion. Defined malocclusion was not significantly associated with the outcome. Among the dentofacial anomalies evaluated, the probability of TDI was nearly twofold higher among adolescents with overjet greater than 3 mm (PR 1.96; 95% CI 1.14–3.37) and 2.2-fold higher among those with an abnormal molar relationship (PR 2.24; 95% CI 1.17–4.32), after controlling for confounding variables. Conclusions: Severe and handicapping malocclusion, accentuated overjet, and abnormal molar relationship were strongly associated with the occurrence of TDI. Future studies should investigate whether the treatment of these conditions can help reduce the occurrence of TDI in adolescents.

scholarly journals Specific Features of the Ukrainian Urban Adolescents’ Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Olena Yelizarova ◽  
Tetyana Stankevych ◽  
Alla Parats ◽  
Michael Antomonov ◽  
Nadiya Polka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Impact

Background. An increase in the proportion of physically active peoples is one of the public health priorities. Particular attention should be addressed to the adolescent group with regard to their sensitivity. The purpose of our study is to determine the overall level of physical activity (PA) of urban adolescents and to evaluate its components. Methods. The study included the results of a survey of 415 children aged 11–15 years from public schools in Ukraine. We have adapted the standardized questionnaire QAPACE, which allows characterizing the level of adolescent’s PA by indicators: type, duration, and intensity. Results. A sedentary lifestyle is typical for most Ukrainian urban adolescents. Only 30.8% of Ukrainian urban adolescents (45.4% of boys and 21.4% of girls; p<0.001) meet the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous PA (at least 60 minutes per day). The chances to follow the recommended moderate-to-vigorous PA are almost 5 times higher in the group of adolescents exercising at their own wish and not by parents’ direction (OR = 4.96; 95% CI: 2.77–8.90; p<0.001). Girls have a 3.0 higher chance of not adhering to recommendations for duration of PA (OR = 3.01; 95% CI: 1.95–4.63). They are 2.5 times more likely to lead a sedentary lifestyle (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.54–3.98) than boys. Conclusion. The obtained results are indicative of a lack of implementation of measures to increase physical activity, which requires public attention to this problem. A search for ways to improve public policy towards optimizing adolescents’ PA is still an urgent goal for scholars and practitioners. PA-promoting measures should be developed taking into account the impact of family traditions, accessibility of sports facilities, leisure, advertising, and other factors. The obtained results are the initial stage for developing the program of physical inactivity prevention.

scholarly journals Living near the port area is associated with physical inactivity and sedentary behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Evandro Fornias Sperandio ◽  
Rodolfo Leite Arantes ◽  
Tsai Ping Chao ◽  
Marcello Romiti ◽  
Antônio Ricardo de Toledo Gagliardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Behavior Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Laboratory

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The impact of the port of Santos, Brazil, on the population’s health is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between living near the port area and physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study developed at a university laboratory and a diagnostic clinic. METHODS: 553 healthy adults were selected and their level of physical activity in daily life was assessed using accelerometers. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed using physical inactivity and sedentary behavior as the outcomes and living near the port area as the main risk factor, with adjustments for the main confounders. RESULTS: Among all the participants, 15% were resident near the port area. They took 699 steps/day and presented, weekly, 2.4% more sedentary physical activity, 2.0% less time in standing position and 0.9% more time lying down than residents of other regions. Additionally, living near the port area increased the risk of physical inactivity by 2.50 times and the risk of higher amounts of sedentary behavior (≥ 10 hours/day) by 1.32 times. CONCLUSION: Living near the port of Santos is associated with physical inactivity and higher sedentary behavior among adults, regardless of confounders. The reasons for this association should be investigated in longitudinal studies.

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