scholarly journals Associations between Risk Factors in Late Adolescence and Problem Behaviors in Young Adulthood: A Six-Year Follow-Up of Substance Related and Behavioral Addictions in Swedish High School Seniors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12766
Author(s):  
Claes Andersson ◽  
Anders Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Gambling Problems

Introduction: Risk factors of traditional substance use related problems in young adults are more well-known than for behavioral addictions such as gambling and gaming problems. The present study aims to provide knowledge about the longitudinal patters of substance use related and behavioral addictions in early adulthood. Methods: Using self-report surveys, substance-related, psychiatric, and demographic predictors were assessed in Swedish high school seniors and re-assessed six years later along with gambling and gaming problems, n = 800. Associations (Risk Ratios) between risk factors in late adolescence and problem behaviors in young adulthood were analyzed. Results: Tobacco use, illicit drug use, and hazardous drinking in young adulthood were associated with tobacco use, illicit drug use, alcohol use, conduct problems, and impaired impulse control in late adolescence. Gambling problems in young adulthood were only associated with heredity of alcohol problems, while gaming was not associated to any problem behavior in late adolescence. Conclusion: It is concluded that predictors for traditional substance-related addictions differ from predictors for behavioral addictions, and that this difference is more pronounced for gaming problems than for gambling problems.

scholarly journals Adult Gambling Problems and Histories of Mental Health and Substance Use: Findings from a Prospective Multi-Wave Australian Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Merkouris ◽  
Christopher J. Greenwood ◽  
George J. Youssef ◽  
Primrose Letcher ◽  
Suzanne Vassallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms

Little is known about the cumulative effect of adolescent and young adult mental health difficulties and substance use problems on gambling behaviour in adulthood. We use data from one of Australia’s longest running studies of social and emotional development to examine the extent to which: (1) mental health symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and substance use (weekly binge drinking, tobacco, and cannabis use) from adolescence (13–18 years) into young adulthood (19–28 years) predict gambling problems in adulthood (31–32 years); and (2) risk relationships differ by sex. Analyses were based on responses from 1365 adolescent and young adult participants, spanning seven waves of data collection (1998–2014). Persistent adolescent to young adult binge drinking, tobacco use and cannabis use predicted gambling at age 31–32 years (OR = 2.30–3.42). Binge drinking and tobacco use in young adulthood also predicted gambling at age 31–32 years (OR = 2.04–2.54). Prior mental health symptoms were not associated with gambling and no risk relationships differed by sex. Findings suggest that gambling problems in adulthood may be related to the earlier development of other addictive behaviours, and that interventions targeting substance use from adolescence to young adulthood may confer additional gains in preventing later gambling behaviours.

scholarly journals Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1907-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Baker ◽  
H. H. Maes ◽  
H. Larsson ◽  
P. Lichtenstein ◽  
K. S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Substance Consumption

BackgroundGenetic and environmental factors are important in the etiology of substance use. However, little is known about the stability of these factors across development. We aimed to answer three crucial questions about this etiology that have never been addressed in a single study: (1) Is there a general vulnerability to substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood? (2) If so, do the genetic and environmental influences on this vulnerability change across development? (3) Do these developmental processes differ in males and females?MethodSubjects included 1480 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development who have been followed since 1994. Prospective, self-reported regular smoking, alcohol intoxication and illicit drug use were assessed at ages 13–14, 16–17 and 19–20 years. Structural modeling was performed with the program Mx.ResultsAn underlying common factor accounted for the association between smoking, alcohol and illicit drug consumption for the three age groups. Common genetic and shared environmental effects showed substantial continuity. In general, as participants aged, the influence of the shared environment decreased, and genetic effects became more substance specific in their effect.ConclusionsThe current report answers three important questions in the etiology of substance use. The genetic and environmental risk for substance consumption is partly mediated through a common factor and is partly substance specific. Developmentally, evidence was strongest for stability of common genetic effects, with less evidence for genetic innovation. These processes seem to be the same in males and females.

Risk Factors for Delinquency and Illicit Drug Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Kandel ◽  
Ora Simcha-Fagan ◽  
Mark Davies
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New York ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
New York State ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Men And Women

This study examines the interrelationships and predictors of involvement in delinquent activities and illicit drug use over a nine-year interval, from adolescence (age 15–16) to young adulthood (age 24–25) in a cohort representative of adolescents formerly enrolled in grades 10 and 11 in public secondary schools in New York State (N =1,004). Persistence of illicit drug use in this period of the life-cycle is greater than for delinquency and is higher among men than among women. Convergences and divergences in intrapersonal and interpersonal predictors of drug use and delinquency are analyzed. Adult illicit drug use is much better predicted by adolescent illicit drug use, especially among men. Among women, early drug use predicts later delinquent behavior. However, illicit drug use in the period from adolescence to early adulthood selectively predicts adult participation in one type of delinquent behavior, namely theft, among men and women, but has no effect on interpersonal aggression. Different risk factors in adolescence other than drug use predict continued delinquent involvement among men and women. In particular, depression plays an important role for women and family factors for men. Lifestyle factors subsequent to adolescence, especially failure to enter the conventional roles of adulthood, such as marriage and continuous employment, are important predictors of continued illicit drug use in adulthood but not of delinquency. Delinquency among males and illicit drug use among females appear to be subject to common etiological factors and may play similar roles in the lives of young people. Convergence between the findings and results reported by others are discussed.

SYSTEMIC PROPHYLAXIS OF YOUNG PEOPLE RISKY BEHAVIORS. REPORT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROPHYLACTIC PROGRAM WE SAY NO TO ADDICTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Aleksander Mańka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Young People ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Protective Resources ◽  
High School Environment ◽  
Research Analysis

The presented material is a fragment of a detailed research analysis regarding the effectiveness of prophylactic interventions in the area of risk related to the risk of behavioral addictions of young people. The obtained results are the result of the research process carried out in the sequential system of research in action. They concern three areas of the program’s effectiveness in the area of 1. modeling students’ awareness of risk factors and protective resources; 2. modeling the subject’s sensitivity to risk factors occurring in the environment; 3. adaptation of behaviors and protective resources in the school environment. The research was carried out as part of the prophylactic program We say no to addictions, implemented in the gymnasium and high-school environment of the Silesian Province

scholarly journals Competitive sports participation in high school and subsequent substance use in young adulthood: Assessing differences based on level of contact

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Veliz ◽  
John Schulenberg ◽  
Megan Patrick ◽  
Deborah Kloska ◽  
Sean Esteban McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Competitive Sports

Factors Influencing Smoking Among Indigenous Adolescents Aged 10–24 Years Living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1946-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L Heris ◽  
Catherine Chamberlain ◽  
Lina Gubhaju ◽  
David P Thomas ◽  
Sandra J Eades
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Indigenous Adolescents ◽  
Environmental Level

Abstract Introduction Smoking rates are higher among Indigenous populations in most high-income countries with initiation primarily occurring in adolescence for all population groups. This review aims to identify protective and risk factors for smoking behavior among Indigenous adolescents and young adults. Aims and Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and Psychinfo for all original research published between January 2006 and December 2016 that reported influences on smoking for Indigenous adolescents or young adults aged 10–24 living in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States (US). Extracted data were coded to individual, social, and environmental level categories using a modified Theory of Triadic Influence framework. Results A total of 55 studies were included, 41 were descriptive quantitative and 14 qualitative, and 26 included Indigenous participants only. The majority were from the US (32). Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels such as increasing age; attitudes and knowledge; substance use; peer and family relationships; smoking norms; mental health; physical activity. At the environmental level, smoke-free spaces; second-hand smoke exposure; high community level prevalence; and social marketing campaigns were also frequently reported. Some studies referenced price, access, and traditional tobacco use. Few reported historical and cultural factors. Conclusions Young Indigenous people experience similar influences to other populations such as smoking among family and friends. Greater youth smoking is related to broader community level prevalence, but few studies explore the distal or historical contributing factors such as traditional tobacco use, colonization, experiences of intergenerational trauma and discrimination, or the role of cultural connection. Implications This review identified a range of factors that influence Indigenous youth smoking and contributes to an understanding of what prevention measures may be effective. Youth tobacco use occurs alongside other substance use and may also serve as an indicator of mental health. Comprehensive community-based programs that work more broadly to address the risk factors related to tobacco, including improving youth mental health, will be important for other behaviors as well. This research highlights the importance of social influence and need for ongoing denormalization of smoking. Future Indigenous led and community owned research is needed to identify likely protective cultural factors.

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