scholarly journals Research on the Spatial and Temporal Differences of China’s Provincial Carbon Emissions and Ecological Compensation Based on Land Carbon Budget Accounting

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12892
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Jing ◽  
Guiliang Tian ◽  
Minrui Li ◽  
Sohail Ahmad Javeed
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
The West ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Carbon Absorption ◽  
The Government

The establishment of a complete carbon ecological compensation mechanism is of great significance for China to achieve “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” as soon as possible. From the perspective of land carbon budget accounting, this paper measures the carbon emissions and the value of carbon ecological compensation in 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, by constructing a carbon ecological compensation model, and analyzes it from both time and space perspectives. The study found that: (1) during the period 2010–2019, China’s carbon absorption remained basically stable, and woodland and grassland were the main carriers of China’s land carbon absorption. The total carbon sequestration of woodland and grassland showed a pattern of being high in the west and low in the east, and the total carbon sequestration of cultivated land showed a pattern of being high in the east and low in the west. (2) Construction land is the main source of carbon emissions in China. Cultivated land carbon emissions mainly come from major agricultural provinces such as Henan and Heilongjiang, while construction land carbon emissions are mainly concentrated in energy-consuming provinces such as Shandong and Shanxi. (3) After revising the carbon compensation benchmark value, it is found that provinces such as Guangdong and Jiangsu should receive carbon ecological compensation, while provinces dominated by heavy industries such as Shanxi and Shandong need to pay corresponding carbon compensation fees. Finally, this article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations, such as that China should give full play to the role of the government and the market, accelerate the optimization and improvement of the ecological resource asset property rights system, and optimize the development and utilization of land.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Kaitong Xu ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

Research on Regional Differences of Carbon Productivity in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1866-1870
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jian Feng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The West ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Carbon Productivity

This paper calculates the total carbon emissions on the basis of energy consumption data of 29 provinces by using IPCC reference approach and analysis the emission structure of carbon dioxide. Carbon productivity is calculated and the interprovincial and regional differences are studied. The results show that the main source of emission structure of carbon dioxide is coal. Significant differences on carbon productivity exist in inter-provincial as well as the three regions, carbon productivity in the eastern region is the highest, followed by the middle, the west is the lowest. According to the result, relative policy suggestions are put forward in the last.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of the Change of Cultivated Land Resources in the Black Soil Region of Heilongjiang Province (China)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
The West ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Black Soil Region ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

It is of great significance for the improvement of grain production capacity and the protection of cultivated land in the Black Soil Region to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution trend of the change in cultivated land resources. In this paper, the temporal and spatial variation pattern of cultivated land resources in Heilongjiang Province was analyzed based on the remote sensing images made in 1995, 2005, and 2015 with the 3S Technology by using the land use dynamic degree, kernel density analysis, and transfer matrix methods. The results showed that, during the two decades from 1995 to 2015, the total quantity of cultivated land increased slightly. To be specific, in 1995–2005, the total quantity of cultivated land increased; in 2005–2015, the number decreased. Spatially, the conversion of cultivated land was mainly concentrated in the west of Heilongjiang Province. During the study period, the high-density cultivated land area was concentrated in the west of Heilongjiang Province, and the largest increase came in Heihe City and Qitaihe City. The conversion between each land type and cultivated land was observed. The internal conversion of cultivated land was between dryland and paddy field. The transfer-out of cultivated land was mainly the conversion of dryland into construction land and woodland, and the transfer-in was mainly the conversion of woodland, unused land, and construction land into dryland, while only a small quantity of conversion involving paddy field was found. Spatially, the conversion mainly took place in Harbin City, Heihe City, and Suihua City in the center and west of Heilongjiang Province, and also in a moderate amount in Qiqihar City in the east of Heilongjiang Province.

scholarly journals Land Use Optimization and Simulation of Low-Carbon-Oriented—A Case Study of Jinhua, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1020
Author(s):  
Shiqi Huang ◽  
Furui Xi ◽  
Yiming Chen ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Xu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Use Pattern

Land-use change is an important contributor to atmospheric carbon emissions. Taking Jinhua city in eastern China as an example, this study analyzed the effects on carbon emissions by land-use changes from 2005 to 2018. Then, carbon emissions that will be produced in Jinhua in 2030 were predicted based on the land-use pattern predicted by the CA-Markov model. Finally, a low-carbon optimized land-use pattern more consistent with the law of urban development was proposed based on the prediction and planning model used in this study. The results show that (1) from 2005 to 2018, the area of land used for construction in Jinhua continued to increase, while woodland and cultivated land areas decreased. Carbon emissions from land use rose at a high rate. By 2018, carbon emissions had increased by 1.9 times compared to 2015. (2) During the 2010–2015 period, the total concentration of carbon emissions decreased due to decreases in both the rate of growth in construction land and the rate of decline in a woodland area, as well as an adjustment of the energy structure and the use of polluting fertilizer and pesticide treatments. (3) The carbon emissions produced with an optimal land-use pattern in 2030 are predicted to reduce by 19%. The acreage of woodland in Jinhua’s middle basin occupied by construction land and cultivated land is predicted to reduce. The additional construction land will be concentrated around the main axis of the Jinhua-Yiwu metropolitan area and will exhibit a characteristic ribbon-form with more distinct clusters. The optimized land-use pattern is more conducive to carbon reduction and more in line with the strategy of regional development in the study area. The results of this study can be used as technical support to optimize the land-use spatial pattern and reduce urban land’s contribution to carbon emissions.

The Study of Company's Carbon Abatement Investment under Carbon Tax

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 860-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Yun Xia ◽  
Xiang Lou Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cournot Duopoly ◽  
Carbon Abatement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Dynamic Game Model ◽  
Duopoly Market

Emission tax is one of the most efficient economic mechanisms to reduce carbon emissions. Under the situation that government imposes tax , we develop a two-stage dynamic game model. First, Government achieves total carbon emissions targets by imposing carbon tax. Second, two companies constitute a Cournot duopoly market. Companies adjust their output and the proportion of carbon emissions to maximize profits. And through numerical analysis, we find that: When the Government set up the target emission, it will encourage companies to invest carbon emissions abatement, and enable companies to reduce carbon emissions. And then the Government may reduce the rate of carbon tax. Finally, Government and companies can get win-win situation. In the Cournot duopoly market , Abatement Company has more advantage in the competition of the market and more sustainable under the constraint of carbon tax. Otherwise, Non-abatement company is more sensetive to the changes of carbon tax.

scholarly journals A New Trend in the Space–Time Distribution of Cultivated Land Occupation for Construction in China and the Impact of Population Urbanization

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Ma ◽  
Liu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Rapid urbanization has brought huge development dividends to China. At the same time, its negative effects have aroused people’s attention. For example, a large amount of cultivated land has been occupied for urban expansion and construction. Using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and the spatial Durbin model (SDM), we analyzed the spatial distribution of cultivated land occupation for construction (CLOC) and its driving factors in 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2016. The results indicated that (1) the CLOC rate presented a significant spatial clustering feature, and its distribution showed a new trend of “homogenization” after the year 2012; (2) as the core driving factor, the population urbanization rate significantly promoted the growth of the CLOC rate in the local province, while showing a negative effect on that rate in the neighboring provinces; (3) in addition, behind the new trend of the CLOC rate, there was a transformation from being “investment driven” to being “population and industry driven”. Therefore, this paper suggests that the government should link each city’s construction land supply to the constantly changing trend of population migrations in China. Further, promoting the tertiary industry can be a win–win strategy for easing the tension between cultivated land and construction land.

Documents and Source Material

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The West ◽  
White House ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The Government ◽  
Source Materials

This section comprises international, Arab, Israeli, and U.S. documents and source materials, as well as an annotated list of recommended reports. Significant developments this quarter: In the international diplomatic arena, the UN Security Council approved Resolution 2334, reaffirming the illegality of Israeli settlements and calling for a return to peace negotiations. Additionally, former U.S. secretary of state John Kerry delivered a final address on the Israel-Palestine conflict, outlining a groundwork for negotiations. Two weeks later, international diplomats met in Paris to establish incentives for Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Authority president Mahmoud Abbas to return to the negotiating table. Despite international discussions of peace talks and the impediment settlements pose to a two-state solution, the Israeli Knesset passed the controversial Regulation Law, enabling the government to retroactively legalize settlements and confiscate Palestinian land throughout the West Bank. Meanwhile, U.S. president Donald Trump took office on 20 January 2017, and he wasted no time before inviting Netanyahu to the White House for their first meeting, in February.

СТАЛИНДИК БИЙЛИК Ч.АЙТМАТОВДУН КӨРКӨМ ОЙ ЖҮГҮРТҮҮСҮНДӨ

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-87
Author(s):  
Б. Ниясалиева ◽  
Н. Алтыкеева
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Good Luck ◽  
The West ◽  
Innocent People ◽  
The Government

Аннотация. Ч.Айтматов “Кылым карытар бир күн” романында ачыктап бере албаган бийлик маселеси кийинки демократиянын учурунда романдын уландысы катары берилген “Чынгызхандын ак булуту “ аттуу чыгармасында таама көрсөтүлдү. Аталган чыгарма сталиндик бийликти сынга алуу менен бийликтин курмандыктары болгон күнөөсүз адамдардын оор тагдырын чагылдырат. Сталиндин образын ачуу максатында элдик легендага кайрылып, Чынгызхандын образы аркылуу Сталиндин образын чагылдырган. Чыгармадагы Тансыкбаевдин образы мансапка манчыркап, адам тагдыры менен ойногон наадан адамдардын образын ачууда колдонулган. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – булар бийликтин курмандыктары. Алар алдыда өлүм күтүп турса да, өз көз караштарынан тайышпады, өлүмгө тике кароо менен жеңиш дайыма алар тарапта экендигин аныктай алышты. Ырас, Тансыкбаев да өз максатына жете алган жок, Чынгызхан болсо батышты багынтам деген тилегине жетпеди, ал эбегейсиз күчүн жоготту, мындан ары анын жолу болбоду. Түйүндүү сөздөр: образ, демократия, каарман, легенда, идея, көркөм ой жүгүртүү. Аннотация. Проблема правительства, которую Ч.Айтматов не смог раскрыть в романе “И дольше века длится день, ярко показаны в произведении “Белое облако Чингизхана” созданное во время демократии как продолжение названного произведения. В данном произведений критикуется и отражается тяжелая судьба безвинного народа, которые стали жертвами сталинского режима. Писатель обратился к народной легенде для раскрытия образа Сталина, через образ Чингизхана. В произведений образ Тансыкбаева применятся для раскрытия образов людей, которые ради собственного нажива использовали судьбы народа. Абуталип, Эрдене, Догуланг – они жертвы правительства. Несмотря ни на что, они не отреклись от своих убеждений, стояли на смерть ради справедливости. В статье говорится о не достижении своей цели Тансыкбаева, о не покорении Чингизханом Запада, о том, что Чингизхан потерял всю свою силу и удача его покидает. Ключевые слова: власть, образ, демократия, герой, легенда, идея, художественное размышление.. Annotation. The problem of the government, which Ch. Aitmatov could not reveal in the novel “And the day lasts more than a century”is clearly shown in the works “White cloud of Genghis Khan” created during the democracy as a continuation of the title work. In this work criticized and reflected the heavy fate of innocent people who were the victims of the Stalinist regime. The writer appealed to the folk legend to reveal the image of Genghis Khan the writer conveys the image of Stalin. In the work (composition) the image of Tansykbaev will be used to reveal the images of people who used the people’s destinies for their own profit . Abutalip, Erdene, Doulan-they are the victims of government. No matter what, they didn’t renounce their beliefs, stood to death for justice . The article says about not achieving the goal of Tansykbaeva, about not conguering the West by Genghis Khan and that Genghis Khan lost all his strength and good luck leaves him. Key words: power, image, democracy, hero, legend, idea, artistic reflection.

scholarly journals Relationship between physical and biogeochemical parameters and the scenario dependence of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoru Tachiiri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Climate Response ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Transient Climate Response ◽  
Large Correlation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biogeochemical Parameters

AbstractThe transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions (TCRE) is a key metric in estimating the remaining carbon budget for given temperature targets. However, the TCRE has a small scenario dependence that can be non-negligible for stringent temperature targets. To investigate the parametric correlations and scenario dependence of the TCRE, the present study uses a 512-member ensemble of an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC) perturbing 11 physical and biogeochemical parameters under scenarios with steady increases of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, or 4% per annum (ppa) in the atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2), or an initial increase of 1% followed by an annual decrease of 1% thereafter. Although a small difference of 5% (on average) in the TCRE is observed between the 1-ppa and 0.5-ppa scenarios, a significant scenario dependence is found for the other scenarios, with a tendency toward large values in gradual or decline-after-a-peak scenarios and small values in rapidly increasing scenarios. For all scenarios, correlation analysis indicates a remarkably large correlation between the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and the relative change in the TCRE, which is attributed to the longer response time of the high ECS model. However, the correlations of the ECS with the TCRE and its scenario dependence for scenarios with large pCO2 increase rates are slightly smaller, and those of biogeochemical parameters such as plant respiration and the overall pCO2–carbon cycle feedback are larger, than in scenarios with gradual increases. The ratio of the TCREs under the overshooting (i.e., 1-ppa decrease after a 1-ppa increase) and 1-ppa increase only scenarios had a clear positive relation with zero-emission commitments. Considering the scenario dependence of the TCRE, the remaining carbon budget for the 1.5 °C target could be reduced by 17 or 22% (before and after considering the unrepresented Earth system feedback) for the most extreme case (i.e., the 67th percentile when using the 0.25-ppa scenario as compared to the 1-ppa increase scenario). A single ensemble EMIC is also used to indicate that, at least for high ECS (high percentile) cases, the scenario dependence of the TCRE should be considered when estimating the remaining carbon budget.

scholarly journals The Impact of Planting Industry Structural Changes on Carbon Emissions in the Three Northeast Provinces of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Hongpeng Guo ◽  
Sidong Xie ◽  
Chulin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the impact of changes in planting industry structure on carbon emissions. Based on the statistical data of the planting industry in three provinces in Northeast China from 1999 to 2018, the study calculated the carbon emissions, carbon absorptions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry by using crop parameter estimation and carbon emissions inventory estimation methods. In addition, the multiple linear regression model and panel data model were used to analyze and test the carbon emissions and net carbon sinks of the planting industry. The results show that: (1). The increase of the planting area of rice, corn, and peanuts in the three northeastern provinces of China will promote carbon emissions, while the increase of the planting area of wheat, sorghum, soybeans, and vegetables will reduce carbon emissions; (2). Fertilizer application, technological progress, and planting structure factors have a significant positive effect on net carbon sinks, among which the changes in the planting industry structure have the greatest impact on net carbon sinks. Based on the comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that, under the guidance of the government, resource endowment and location advantages should be given full play to, and the internal planting structure of crops should be reasonably adjusted so as to promote the development of low-carbon agriculture and accelerate the development process of agricultural modernization.

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