scholarly journals Respiratory Syncytial Virus Resurgence in Italy: The Need to Protect All Neonates and Young Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Elena Bozzola
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent cause of viral respiratory infections in children up to the age of 2 years and causes a wide range of clinical manifestations [...]

scholarly journals Eicosanoids and Respiratory Viral Infection: Coordinators of Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. McCarthy ◽  
Jason B. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Viruses are frequent causes of respiratory infection, and viral respiratory infections are significant causes of hospitalization, morbidity, and sometimes mortality in a variety of patient populations. Lung inflammation induced by infection with common respiratory pathogens such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus is accompanied by increased lung production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, lipid mediators with a wide range of effects on host immune function. Deficiency or pharmacologic inhibition of prostaglandin and leukotriene production often results in a dampened inflammatory response to acute infection with a respiratory virus. These mediators may, therefore, serve as appealing therapeutic targets for disease caused by respiratory viral infection.

scholarly journals Monitoring epidemic viral respiratory infections using one-step real-Time Triplex RT-PCR targeting influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solesne Papillard-Marechal ◽  
Vincent Enouf ◽  
Aurélie Schnuriger ◽  
Astrid Vabret ◽  
Edouard Macheras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
One Step ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Viral Respiratory

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus in severe lower respiratory infections in previously healthy young Ethiopian infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abate Yeshidinber Weldetsadik ◽  
Frank Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the commonest cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in infants. However, the burden of RSV is unknown in Ethiopia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonality and predictors of RSV infection in young infants with ALRI for the first time in Ethiopia. Methods We performed RSV immuno-chromatographic assay from nasopharyngeal swabs of infants, 29 days to 6 months of age. We included the first 10 eligible infants in each month from June 2018 to May 2019 admitted in a tertiary pediatric center. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were also collected, and chi-square test and regression were used to assess associated factors with RSV infection. Results Among a total of 117 study children, 65% were male and mean age was 3 months. Bronchiolitis was the commonest diagnosis (49%). RSV was isolated from 26 subjects (22.2%) of all ALRI, 37% of bronchiolitis and 11% of pneumonia patients. Although RSV infection occurred year round, highest rate extended from June to November. No clinical or laboratory parameter predicted RSV infection and only rainy season (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 10.46 [95%. C.I. 1.95, 56.18]) was independent predictor of RSV infection. Conclusions RSV was isolated in a fifth of young infants with severe ALRI, mostly in the rainy season. Diagnosis of RSV infection in our setting require specific tests as no clinical parameter predicted RSV infection. Since RSV caused less than a quarter of ALRI in our setting, the other causes should be looked for in future studies.

scholarly journals 2634. Human Metapneumovirus in a Children’s Hospital: It Should Get More Attention

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S920-S920
Author(s):  
Nellie Said ◽  
Wendi Gornick ◽  
Beth Huff ◽  
Jasjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Human Metapneumovirus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory infections are a major cause of hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission to children’s hospitals. Rates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are closely tracked due to their known morbidity. We had previously observed over one season that human metapneumovirus (hMPV)-infected children have high rates of hospitalizations and ICU admissions, particularly those with chronic lung disease (CLD). We expanded our data to include an additional 5 seasons to compare rates of hospitalizations and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) due to hMPV, RSV and influenza. Methods During the 2014–2019 winter viral seasons, hMPV, RSV and influenza infections were tracked through both PCR testing (Biofire Respiratory Panel) and DFA testing (D3 Ultra DFA Respiratory Virus Screening & ID Kit; Diagnostic Hybrids). For hMPV admissions, rates of hospitalizations, ICU admissions, HAIs and mortalities were assessed and compared with RSV and influenza admissions. Retrospective data were used to study patients infected with hMPV. Results During the winter seasons of 2014–2019, the rates of hospitalization due to hMPV were significantly higher than both RSV and influenza (Figure 1). ICU admissions and HAIs for hMPV were similar to RSV and influenza (Figures 2 and 3). There were 9 deaths over this time period; 5 due to RSV, 3 due to influenza and 1 due to hMPV. The proportion of deaths due to hMPV compared with RSV and influenza was similar (P = 0.54, 0.89, respectively). Of the 315 total admissions with hMPV, 43 (13.7%) had CLD and 13 (4.1%) were tracheostomy dependent. Among 67 hMPV ICU admissions from 2014–2019, 56 (84%) had an underlying medical diagnosis, 25 (37%) had CLD, 13 (19%) had tracheostomies, and 17 (25%) required mechanical ventilation. The average age of hMPV infected children in our ICU is 4 years 1 month. Conclusion Our large descriptive study of hMPV-infected children over 6 seasons showed higher rates of hospitalization compared with RSV and influenza, similar ICU and HAI rates, and similar rates of mortality. ICU admitted children often had associated co-morbidities, including CLD. Further studies for focused disease surveillance and potential vaccine development for high-risk children are needed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

A multi-tiered time-series modelling approach to forecasting respiratory syncytial virus incidence at the local level

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. SPAEDER ◽  
J. C. FACKLER
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Time Series Modelling ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

SUMMARYRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of documented viral respiratory infections, and the leading cause of hospitalization, in young children. We performed a retrospective time-series analysis of all patients aged <18 years with laboratory-confirmed RSV within a network of multiple affiliated academic medical institutions. Forecasting models of weekly RSV incidence for the local community, inpatient paediatric hospital and paediatric intensive-care unit (PICU) were created. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals calculated around our models' 2-week forecasts were accurate to ±9·3, ±7·5 and ±1·5 cases/week for the local community, inpatient hospital and PICU, respectively. Our results suggest that time-series models may be useful tools in forecasting the burden of RSV infection at the local and institutional levels, helping communities and institutions to optimize distribution of resources based on the changing burden and severity of illness in their respective communities.

scholarly journals Severe viral respiratory infections in children with IFIH1 loss-of-function mutations

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (31) ◽  
pp. 8342-8347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Asgari ◽  
Luregn J. Schlapbach ◽  
Stéphanie Anchisi ◽  
Christian Hammer ◽  
Istvan Bartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Viral respiratory infections are usually mild and self-limiting; still they exceptionally result in life-threatening infections in previously healthy children. To investigate a potential genetic cause, we recruited 120 previously healthy children requiring support in intensive care because of a severe illness caused by a respiratory virus. Using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified and characterized three rare loss-of-function variants in IFIH1, which encodes an RIG-I-like receptor involved in the sensing of viral RNA. Functional testing of the variants IFIH1 alleles demonstrated that the resulting proteins are unable to induce IFN-β, are intrinsically less stable than wild-type IFIH1, and lack ATPase activity. In vitro assays showed that IFIH1 effectively restricts replication of human respiratory syncytial virus and rhinoviruses. We conclude that IFIH1 deficiency causes a primary immunodeficiency manifested in extreme susceptibility to common respiratory RNA viruses.

scholarly journals The presence of fever in adults with influenza and other viral respiratory infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. CHUGHTAI ◽  
Q. WANG ◽  
T. C. DUNG ◽  
C. R. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

SUMMARYWe compared the rates of fever in adult subjects with laboratory-confirmed influenza and other respiratory viruses and examined the factors that predict fever in adults. Symptom data on 158 healthcare workers (HCWs) with a laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus infection were collected using standardized data collection forms from three separate studies. Overall, the rate of fever in confirmed viral respiratory infections in adult HCWs was 23·4% (37/158). Rates varied by virus: human rhinovirus (25·3%, 19/75), influenza A virus (30%, 3/10), coronavirus (28·6%, 2/7), human metapneumovirus (28·6%, 2/7), respiratory syncytial virus (14·3%, 4/28) and parainfluenza virus (8·3%, 1/12). Smoking [relative risk (RR) 4·65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·33–16·25] and co-infection with two or more viruses (RR 4·19, 95% CI 1·21–14·52) were significant predictors of fever. Fever is less common in adults with confirmed viral respiratory infections, including influenza, than described in children. More than 75% of adults with a viral respiratory infection do not have fever, which is an important finding for clinical triage of adult patients with respiratory infections. The accepted definition of ‘influenza-like illness’ includes fever and may be insensitive for surveillance when high case-finding is required. A more sensitive case definition could be used to identify adult cases, particularly in event of an emerging viral infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections in Australian working-age adults (20–64 years): 2010–2013

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Varghese ◽  
E. Dent ◽  
M. Chilver ◽  
S. Cameron ◽  
N. P. Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractAcute respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality accounting for 5.8 million deaths worldwide. In Australia, influenza-like illness (ILI), defined as cough, fever and fatigue is a common presentation in general practice and results in reduced productivity and lost working days. Little is known about the epidemiology of ILI in working-age adults. Using data from the ASPREN influenza surveillance network in Australia (2010–2013) we found that working-age adults made up 45.2% of all ILI notifications with 55% of samples positive for at least one respiratory virus. Viruses most commonly detected in our study included influenza A (20.6%), rhinovirus (18.6%), influenza B (6.2%), human meta-pneumovirus (3.4%), respiratory syncytial virus (3.1%), para-influenza virus (2.6%) and adenovirus (1.3%). We also demonstrated that influenza A is the predominant virus that increases ILI (by 1.2% per month for every positive influenza A case) in working-age adults during autumn–winter months while other viruses are active throughout the year. Understanding the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections through a year will help clinicians make informed decisions about testing, antibiotic and antiviral prescribing and when the beginning of the ‘flu season’ can be more confidently predicted.

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