scholarly journals Emergency Management of Medical Wastewater in Hospitals Specializing in Infectious Diseases: A Case Study of Huoshenshan Hospital, Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Jia-Jun He ◽  
Shu-Shu Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xia-Ying Liu ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
Modern Information Technology ◽  
And Control

Medical wastewater originating from hospitals specializing in infectious diseases pose a major risk to human and environmental health during pandemics. However, there have been few systematic studies on the management of this type of wastewater management. The function of the Huoshenshan Hospital as a designated emergency field hospital for the treatment of COVID-19 has provided lessons for the management measures of medical wastewater, mainly including: (1) Modern information technology, management schemes, and related standard systems provided the legislative foundation for emergency management of medical wastewater. (2) The three-tier prevention and control medical wastewater management system ensured the discharged wastewater met water quality standards, especially for the leak-proof sealed collection system of the first tier, and the biological and chemical treatment technology of the second tier. (3) The establishment of an effective three-tier medical wastewater quality monitoring accountability system. This system was particularly relevant for ensuring continuous data monitoring and dynamic analysis of characteristic indicators. (4) Information disclosure by government and public supervision promoted successful implementation of medical wastewater management and control measures. Public questionnaires (n = 212) further confirmed the effectiveness of information disclosure. The results of this study can act as methodological reference for the emergency management of wastewater in designated infectious disease hospitals under similar situations.

scholarly journals Emergency Management of Medical Wastewater in Hospitals Specializing in Infectious Diseases-a Case Study on Huoshenshan Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun He ◽  
Shushu Zhao ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Xiaying Liu ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Field Hospital ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Medical wastewater from hospitals specializing in infectious diseases is a major health and environmental risk during pandemics. However, few systematic studies on medical wastewater management in hospitals of infectious diseases have been reported. As designated emergency field hospital for the treatment of COVID-19, the Huoshenshan Hospital achieved successful outcomes on emergency management measures of medical wastewater.Results: The lessons of medical wastwater based on Huoshenshan Hospital can be concluded following four aspects: (1) Emergency management system of medical wastewater based on the “Internet Plus” technology, and other related management schemes and standard systems provided legislative foundation for emergency management of medical wastewater. (2) The three-tier prevention and control system of medical wastewater ensured the discharged wastewater meets water quality standards. The system specifically included the individual seep and leak-proof sealed collection system at the first tier, as well as the enhanced disinfection and moving bed biofilm reactor wastewater biological and chemical treatment technology at the second tier. (3) The study established an effective three-tier accountability system in medical wastewater quality monitoring, data recording, storage, and reporting, as well as data review and filing, especially in continuous data monitoring and dynamic analysis of characteristic indicators. (4) Information disclosure by government and public supervision promoted successful implementation of medical wastewater management and control measures. Based on the results of 212 public questionnaires, we also confirmed that information of the case was open to public and internet users who actively participated. Conclusion: Our study will provide methodological reference for the emergency management of wastewater in designated infectious disease hospitals in similar situations.

scholarly journals Impact of dams and irrigation schemes in Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) bionomics and malaria epidemiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Sanchez-Ribas ◽  
Gabriel Parra-Henao ◽  
Anthony Érico Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Irrigation Scheme ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Anopheline Mosquitoes

Irrigation schemes and dams have posed a great concern on public health systems of several countries, mainly in the tropics. The focus of the present review is to elucidate the different ways how these human interventions may have an effect on population dynamics of anopheline mosquitoes and hence, how local malaria transmission patterns may be changed. We discuss different studies within the three main tropical and sub-tropical regions (namely Africa, Asia and the Pacific and the Americas). Factors such as pre-human impact malaria epidemiological patterns, control measures, demographic movements, human behaviour and local Anopheles bionomics would determine if the implementation of an irrigation scheme or a dam will have negative effects on human health. Some examples of successful implementation of control measures in such settings are presented. The use of Geographic Information System as a powerful tool to assist on the study and control of malaria in these scenarios is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Can policy-packaging increase public support for costly policies? Insights from a choice experiment on policies against vehicle emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wicki ◽  
Robert Alexander Huber ◽  
Thomas Bernauer
Keyword(s):  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractPublic support is usually a precondition for the adoption and successful implementation of costly policies. We argue that such support is easier to achieve with policy-packages that incorporate primary and ancillary measures. We specifically distinguish command-and-control and market-based measures as primary measures and argue that the former will usually garner more public support than the latter given the low-visibility tendency of costs associated with command-and-control measures. Nevertheless, if included in a policy-package, ancillary measures are likely to increase public support by reducing negative effects of primary measures. Based on a choice experiment with a representative sample of 2,034 Swiss citizens, we assessed these arguments with respect to political efforts to reduce vehicle emissions. The empirical analysis supported the argument that policy-packaging affects public support positively, particularly generating more support when ancillary measures are added. Lastly, we ultimately observe that command-and-control measures obtain more public support than market-based instruments.

Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidore K Kouadio ◽  
Syed Aljunid ◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
Karen Hammad ◽  
Hitoshi Oshitani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Evaluation of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Ability of Medical Buildings in Harbin, China

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Tian Wang ◽  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Hongzhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Building System ◽  
And Control

Objective: Entrusted by the Harbin Municipal Government, evaluation medical building system for prevention and control of sudden infectious diseases in the city has been established. Background: China, as a country that found the COVID-19 earlier, has taken strict control measures. However, as the medical building system is not perfect enough to prevent and control sudden infectious diseases. Method: First, expert group methodology was used and evaluation index of ability of prevention and control of sudden infectious diseases in medical building system was selected; then fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was adopted to establish index set and to set weight and medical building system evaluation model for prevention and control of sudden infectious diseases was constructed; finally, it’s to modify the indicators and weights in the evaluation set and to make an evaluation of the ability of Harbin medical building system to prevent and control sudden infectious diseases in accordance with the current management mode of system. Results: The medical building system in Harbin is significantly unbalanced in its ability to prevent sudden infections where there are low indicators for response monitoring and forecasting terminals, there are high indicators for the construction of emergency center. Conclusions: The evaluation model of the ability of medical building system to prevent and control sudden infectious diseases was constructed. The model is adopted to make practical evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control ability in Harbin and to form the evaluation method of the direct connection between the theoretical research of medical architecture and medical building design.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Mortality From Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis by the Level of Education in Lithuania

Medicina ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snieguolė Kaselienė ◽  
Ramunė Kalėdienė
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Education ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in inequalities in mortality from infectious diseases and tuberculosis by educational level among men and women in Lithuania. Material and Methods. The data on mortality from infectious diseases in the Lithuanian population aged more than 30 years for the years 1989 and 2001 gathered from the Department of Statistics and censuses were used for the analysis. The relative and slope indices of inequality were calculated. Results. Mortality from infectious diseases and tuberculosis among persons with primary education was higher than that among persons with university education, and these inequalities were found to be increased in 2000–2002 as compare with 1988–1990 due to declining mortality among persons with university education and increasing mortality among less educated persons. Similar tendencies were observed while evaluating the inequalities in mortality from tuberculosis. In 1988– 1990, the relative indices of inequality for mortality from all infectious diseases and tuberculosis among men were 9 and 13, respectively. In 2000–2002, the relative indices of inequality increased significantly to 16.5 and 28.8, respectively. Inequalities in mortality from abovementioned causes for women with different educational levels were lower than those for men. The slope indices of inequality for mortality from infectious diseases among men with different educational levels were considerably higher than among their female counterparts, and in 2000–2002, they were greater compared with 1988–1990. Conclusions. While implementing tuberculosis prevention and control program and planning prevention and control measures, greater attention should be paid to less educated Lithuanian population at highest risk of this disease.

Principles of infectious disease control

2021 ◽  
pp. 597-622
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kim-Farley
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Lower respiratory infections are the third leading causes of death worldwide and their control is a constant challenge that faces health workers and public health officials in both industrialized and developing countries. This chapter provides a global and comprehensive view of the principles of infectious disease control through examination of the magnitude of disease burden, the chain of infection (agent, transmission, and host) of infectious diseases, the varied approaches to their prevention and control (measures applied to the host, vectors, infected humans, animals, environment, and agents), and the factors conducive to their eradication as well as emergence and re-emergence.

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