scholarly journals The Potential Role of a Soluble γ-Chain Cytokine Receptor as a Regulator of IL-7-Induced Lymphoproliferative Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geona Kim ◽  
Yuna Jo ◽  
Byunghyuk Lee ◽  
Laraib Ali ◽  
Boae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorders ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Abnormal Increase ◽  
Human Lymphoma ◽  
The Common

IL-7 is an essential, nonredundant growth factor for T and B cell generation and maintenance. While IL-7 deficiency results in lymphopenia, overexpression of IL-7 can cause neoplasia in experimental models. IL-7’s involvement in neoplasia has been appreciated through studies of IL-7 transgenic (Tg) mice models and human lymphoma patients. Since we recently found that a soluble form of the common γ-chain (γc) cytokine receptor (sγc) antagonistically regulates IL-7 signaling, IL-7 and sγc double-Tg mice were generated to investigate the effects of sγc overexpression in IL-7-mediated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs). The overexpression of sγc prevents IL-7Tg-induced abnormal increase of LN cell numbers and the development of splenomegaly, resulting in striking amelioration of mortality and disease development. These results suggest that modification of γc cytokine responsiveness by sγc molecules might control various γc cytokine-associated hematologic malignancy, and also provide an alternative view to approach antitumor therapy.

Role of common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of murine mast cells

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
Norihiko Watanabe ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kagami ◽  
Akira Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽  
The Common

Abstract The regulatory roles of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of mast cells were determined using γc-deficient (γc−) and Jak3-deficient (Jak3−) mice. Although the mast cells in γc− and Jak3− mice were morphologically indistinguishable from those in wild-type mice, the number of peritoneal mast cells was decreased in γc− and Jak3− mice as compared with that in wild-type mice. Among γc-related cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-9, but not IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15, enhanced the proliferation and survival of bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) from wild-type mice. However, the effects of IL-4 and IL-9 were absent in BMMCs from γc− and Jak3−mice. In addition, IL-4Rα, γc, and Jak3, but not IL-2Rβ or IL-7Rα, were expressed in BMMCs. In contrast, IL-13 did not significantly induce the proliferation and survival of BMMCs even from wild-type mice, and IL-13Rα1 was not expressed in BMMCs. Furthermore, IL-4 phosphorylated the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in BMMCs from wild-type mice but not from γc− and Jak3− mice. These results indicate that γc- and Jak3-dependent signaling is essential for IL-4– and IL-9–induced proliferation and survival of murine mast cells, that the effects of IL-4 are mediated by type I IL-4R and that type II IL-4R is absent on mast cells, and that IL-4 phosphorylates the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in mast cells in a γc- and Jak3-dependent manner.

On the role of the common cytokine receptor γ chain in B-cell vs. T-cell development

1997 ◽  
Vol 148 (7) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Sharara ◽  
C.A.J. Voßhenrich ◽  
W. Müller ◽  
J.P. DiSanto
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
The Common

Role of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc) in thymocyte selection

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
Masayuki Noguchi ◽  
Warren J Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
The Common

Possible Role of α-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Acute Migraine Therapy

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
EW Willems ◽  
LF Valdivia ◽  
CM Villalón ◽  
PR Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists ◽  
Specific Receptors ◽  
Selective Agonists ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Carotid Circulation ◽  
Established Role

Even though the underlying mechanisms for the pathophysiology of migraine attacks are not completely understood, little doubt exists that the headache phase is explained by dilatation of cranial, extracerebral blood vessels. In this context, experimental models predictive for anti-migraine activity have shown that both triptans and ergot alkaloids, which abort migraine headache, produce vasoconstriction within the carotid circulation of different species. In contrast to the well-established role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 5-HT1B receptors in the common carotid vascular bed, the role of α-adrenoceptors and their subtypes has been examined only relatively recently. Using experimental animal models and α1- and α2-adrenoceptor agonists (phenylephrine and BHT933, respectively) and antagonists (prazosin and rauwolscine, respectively), it was shown that activation of either receptor produces a cranioselective vasoconstriction. Subsequently, investigations employing relatively selective antagonists at α1- (α1A, α1B, α1D) and α2- (α2A, α2B, α2C) adrenoceptor subtypes revealed that specific receptors mediate the carotid haemodynamic responses in these animals. From these observations, together with the potential limited role of α1B-and α2C-adrenoceptors in the regulation of systemic haemodynamic responses, it is suggested that selective agonists at these receptors may provide a promising novel avenue for the development of acute anti-migraine drugs.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Phytosterol and Triterpenoid Production in Plant Hairy Root Cultures—Simultaneous Stimulation or Competition?

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2028
Author(s):  
Agata Rogowska ◽  
Anna Szakiel
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
The Common

Plant in vitro cultures, including hairy roots, can be applied for controlled production of valuable natural products, such as triterpenoids and sterols. These compounds originate from the common precursor squalene. Sterols and triterpenoids distinctly differ in their functions, and the 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclization step is often regarded as a branch point between primary and secondary (more aptly: general and specialized) metabolism. Considering the crucial role of phytosterols as membrane constituents, it has been postulated that unconstrained biosynthesis of triterpenoids can occur when sterol formation is already satisfied, and these compounds are no longer needed for cell growth and division. This hypothesis seems to follow directly the growth-defense trade-off plant dilemma. In this review, we present some examples illustrating the specific interplay between the two divergent pathways for sterol and triterpenoid biosynthesis appearing in root cultures. These studies were significant for revealing the steps of the biosynthetic pathway, understanding the role of particular enzymes, and discovering the possibility of gene regulation. Currently, hairy roots of many plant species can be considered not only as an efficient tool for production of phytochemicals, but also as suitable experimental models for investigations on regulatory mechanisms of plant metabolism.

Role of common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of murine mast cells

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 2172-2180
Author(s):  
Kotaro Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Nakajima ◽  
Norihiko Watanabe ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kagami ◽  
Akira Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽  
The Common

The regulatory roles of the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc)– and Jak3-dependent signaling in the proliferation and survival of mast cells were determined using γc-deficient (γc−) and Jak3-deficient (Jak3−) mice. Although the mast cells in γc− and Jak3− mice were morphologically indistinguishable from those in wild-type mice, the number of peritoneal mast cells was decreased in γc− and Jak3− mice as compared with that in wild-type mice. Among γc-related cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-9, but not IL-2, IL-7, or IL-15, enhanced the proliferation and survival of bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) from wild-type mice. However, the effects of IL-4 and IL-9 were absent in BMMCs from γc− and Jak3−mice. In addition, IL-4Rα, γc, and Jak3, but not IL-2Rβ or IL-7Rα, were expressed in BMMCs. In contrast, IL-13 did not significantly induce the proliferation and survival of BMMCs even from wild-type mice, and IL-13Rα1 was not expressed in BMMCs. Furthermore, IL-4 phosphorylated the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in BMMCs from wild-type mice but not from γc− and Jak3− mice. These results indicate that γc- and Jak3-dependent signaling is essential for IL-4– and IL-9–induced proliferation and survival of murine mast cells, that the effects of IL-4 are mediated by type I IL-4R and that type II IL-4R is absent on mast cells, and that IL-4 phosphorylates the 65-kd isoform of Stat6 in mast cells in a γc- and Jak3-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Role of China in Rohingya Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mushfek-Ul- Alam
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Democratic Reform ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

The research paper focuses investigates the geo-political moves from the Chinese perspective whether there is a possibility for China to succeed in their negotiating acts between Bangladesh and Myanmar, which chronologically provides: a background to find the origin of the problem, clarifies reasons so important as a negotiator in this issue, the possible outcomes of the negotiation process and how it may affect China’s political standing with a series of research questions and problem statement. The researcher primarily denounces the conventional ideas that China only prefers to look after Myanmar’s interest or Sino-Myanmar relationship. Methodology section briefly analyzes the nature of the research and the type of data are used to justify researcher’s alternative views. The researcher demonstrates a comparative picture between Bangladesh and Myanmar in terms of their economic, political and military relationship with China both nations equally from their geo-political standing. Finally, the researcher describes to predict the possible outcomes of the current negotiation process considering Chinese involvement in Humanitarian aspects, steps taken by the Myanmar Military regime in repatriating the Rohingyas, Why does the democratic reform process so necessary for China as a negotiator, What Myanmar must do to regain the trust Rohingya citizens and how the current situation is endangering the Chinese diplomacy or why a worsening scenario between China and Myanmar may arise. All the findings and analysis inherently support the author’s alternative view and duly answer the research questions. Finally, the researcher discussed about the common lessons learned so far from international relations perspective. 

scholarly journals The Role of Cytokines which Signal through the Common γ Chain Cytokine Receptor in the Reversal of HIV Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Anergy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. e300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiao Jenny Gu ◽  
Feng Yun Yue ◽  
Colin M. Kovacs ◽  
Mario A. Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cytokine Receptor ◽  
T Cell Anergy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cell Anergy
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