scholarly journals Selecting an Appropriate Animal Model of Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhen Hao ◽  
Huixiang Ge ◽  
Mengyun Sun ◽  
Yun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Animal Model Of Depression ◽  
The World

Depression has become one of the most severe psychiatric disorders and endangers the health of living beings all over the world. In order to explore the molecular mechanism that underlies depression, different kinds of animal models of depression are used in laboratory experiments. However, a credible and reasonable animal model that is capable of imitating the pathologic mechanism of depression in mankind has yet to be found, resulting in a barrier to further investigation of depression. Nevertheless, it is possible to explain the pathologic mechanism of depression to a great extent by a rational modeling method and behavioral testing. This review aims to provide a reference for researchers by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of some common animal depression models.

scholarly journals Murine models provide insight to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Reid ◽  
B. Eksteen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractAssociated with the obesity epidemic, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading liver disease in North America. Approximately 30 % of patients with NAFLD may develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Frequently animal models are used to help identify underlying factors contributing to NAFLD including insulin resistance, dysregulated lipid metabolism and mitochondrial stress. However, studying the inflammatory, progressive nature of NASH in the context of obesity has proven to be a challenge in mice. Although the development of effective treatment strategies for NAFLD and NASH is gaining momentum, the field is hindered by a lack of a concise animal model that reflects the development of liver disease during obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Therefore, selecting an animal model to study NAFLD or NASH must be done carefully to ensure the optimal application. The most widely used animal models have been reviewed highlighting their advantages and disadvantages to studying NAFLD and NASH specifically in the context of obesity.

scholarly journals Considerations for Choosing Appropriate Animal Models to Study Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Richard R. E. Uwiera ◽  
Trina C. Uwiera ◽  
Janelle A. Jiminez ◽  
G. Douglas Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

<p>This article examines several animal models used to investigate mechanisms involved in the induction and progression of inflammatory bowel disease in people. The use of appropriate animal models to study intestinal inflammation requires careful consideration as each model has strengths and limitations for investigating disease, and no single model provides a complete understanding of the disease process. In as such, it compels researchers to carefully contemplate the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model, and to consider the process of choosing the best animal model(s) as an essential component of the experimental design.</p>

scholarly journals Animal Models of Osteochondral Defect for Testing Biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangbo Meng ◽  
Reihane Ziadlou ◽  
Sibylle Grad ◽  
Mauro Alini ◽  
Chunyi Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Osteochondral Regeneration

The treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD) remains a great challenge in orthopaedics. Tissue engineering holds a good promise for regeneration of OCD. In the light of tissue engineering, it is critical to establish an appropriate animal model to evaluate the degradability, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host bone/cartilage tissues for OCD repair in vivo. Currently, model animals that are commonly deployed to create osteochondral lesions range from rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, goats, and sheep horses to nonhuman primates. It is essential to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model in terms of the accuracy and effectiveness of the experiment. Therefore, this review aims to introduce the common animal models of OCD for testing biomaterials and to discuss their applications in translational research. In addition, we have reviewed surgical protocols for establishing OCD models and biomaterials that promote osteochondral regeneration. For small animals, the non-load-bearing region such as the groove of femoral condyle is commonly chosen for testing degradation, biocompatibility, and interaction of implanted biomaterials with host tissues. For large animals, closer to clinical application, the load-bearing region (medial femoral condyle) is chosen for testing the durability and healing outcome of biomaterials. This review provides an important reference for selecting a suitable animal model for the development of new strategies for osteochondral regeneration.

scholarly journals Regenerative Engineering Animal Models for Knee Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caldon Jayson Esdaille ◽  
Chinedu Cletus Ude ◽  
Cato T. Laurencin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Regenerative Engineering ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Proper Translation

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common synovial joint disorder worldwide, with a growing incidence due to increasing rates of obesity and an aging population. A significant amount of research is currently being conducted to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of knee osteoarthritis to design less invasive and more effective treatment options once conservative management has failed. Regenerative engineering techniques have shown promising preclinical results in treating OA due to their innovative approaches and have emerged as a popular area of study. To investigate these therapeutics, animal models of OA have been used in preclinical trials. There are various mechanisms by which OA can be induced in the knee/stifle of animals that are classified by the etiology of the OA that they are designed to recapitulate. Thus, it is essential to utilize the correct animal model in studies that are investigating regenerative engineering techniques for proper translation of efficacy into clinical trials. This review discusses the various animal models of OA that may be used in preclinical regenerative engineering trials and the corresponding classification system. Lay Summary Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common synovial joint disease worldwide, with high rates of occurrence due to an increase in obesity and an aging population. A great deal of research is currently underway to further our understanding of the causes of osteoarthritis, to design more effective treatments. The emergence of regenerative engineering has provided physicians and investigators with unique opportunities to join ideas in tackling human diseases such as OA. Once the concept is proven to work, the initial procedure for the evaluation of a treatment solution begins with an animal model. Thus, it is essential to utilize a suitable animal model that reflects the particular ailment in regenerative engineering studies for proper translation to human patients as each model has associated advantages and disadvantages. There are various ways by which OA can occur in the knee joint, which are classified according to the particular cause of the OA. This review discusses the various animal models of OA that may be used in preclinical regenerative engineering investigations and the corresponding classification system.

scholarly journals PO-054 Research on Animal models of Alzheimer’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruilian Liu ◽  
Honglin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Transgenic Animal Model ◽  
Neuron Damage

Objective This paper analysis amount of literature about domestic and abroad with establishing the animal model of AD as the basics point of the research, and explore the construction of animal models of AD and the theoretical basis of the study. The purpose of the paper was to better probe AD Pathogenesis and etiology, and how to take appropriate intervention methods to lay the foundation. Methods Results Following the analysis, we found that the animal models of AD were mainly modeled by transgenic animal model, modeled by AD histopathological features, cholinergic nerve injury, aging, multifactorial complex, and ischemia and hypoxia. Each modeling method was based on the corresponding theoretical research carried out on the basis of the current research, however, the exact pathogenesis of AD was not clear, so the scholars in a variety of hypotheses on the premise Under the experimental animal model, naturally with a certain degree of one-sidedness. Transgenic animal model is expensive, disease resistance was poor, it was difficult to carry out a large amount of experimental study; cholinergic neuron damage in AD experimental animals for cholinergic function impairment and cognitive function of the ideal study. Conclusions The modeling method of AD had many advantages and disadvantages, and the compound animal model of AD was more complex than single factor modeling. Thus, no matter which way AD animal model, it was difficult to replicate all the typical pathological changes in AD, suggesting that the pathogenesis of AD and its pathological changes in the complexity and multi-factor.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Different Skin Pruritus Mouse Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Donglang ◽  
Liu Tongtong ◽  
Chen Dan ◽  
Zhu Chan ◽  
Wang Changming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability

The animal model is an important tool to study the mechanism of disease formation. Different animal models of pruritus have been adopted based on the purpose of researchers in the study of the itching mechanism. Although the symptoms of various models are quite different, scratching behavior is a key indicator. Therefore, it is necessary to find an animal model that can quickly induce animal scratching and maintain the stability of scratching behavior. In this study, we compared animal models of pruritus induced by four substances and found that the scratching behavior of mice induced by urushiol not only reached the plateau stage quickly but also showed more stability in the plateau phase than that induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, oxazolone, and imiquimod. Meanwhile, in the animal model induced by urushiol, the changes of epidermal thickening and inflammatory cell aggregation were also more obvious. In addition, pruritus induced by urushiol is prevalent all over the world, especially in the United States and Europe, involving outdoor groups such as firefighters, forest loggers, and farmers. Therefore, we believe that the urushiol-induced animal model is an ideal choice for the study of the itch formation mechanism and the development of antipruritic drugs.

scholarly journals UTILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT ANIMAL MODELS OF DEPRESSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Andy Ramjattan ◽  
Lexley Pintoo Pereira ◽  
Sameer Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
The World ◽  
Idiopathic Disease

  Depression is one of the most debilitating medical conditions in the world today, yet its etiologies remain imprecise, and current treatments are not wholly helpful. Depression is more than just a feeling of sadness. Depression can affect the daily routine of an individual disrupting work, play, and overall ability to concentrate. People with depression usually experience a lack of interest and enjoyment in daily activities, notable weight loss or gain, sleeplessness or excessive sleeping, lack of energy, inability to concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or shame, and recurrent thoughts of suicide (diagnostic and statistical manual-V). It is projected to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020. It is estimated that depression currently affects 350 million people from around the world. There are a number of drugs of different pharmacological classes being used in the treatment of clinical depression. Animal models are indispensable tools in the search to identify new antidepressant drugs and to provide insights into the neuropathology that underlies the idiopathic disease state of depression. Animal models of depression can be used for a variety of purposes, including use as a tool for investigating aspects of the neurobiology and pathophysiology of depression, as an experimental model for studying the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs and for screening antidepressant activity. None of existing animal models currently fulfil the existing criteria for an ideal animal model, and therefore, demands an insight view of the existing models of depression. This article attempts to review the most widely used animal models and highlights their important features with respect to different pharmacological classes of antidepressant drugs.

Social stress in rats: An animal model of depression?

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Koolhaas ◽  
P. Meerlo ◽  
S.F. de Boer ◽  
J.H. Strubbe ◽  
B. Bohus
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Animal Models Of Depression ◽  
Number Of Patients

Our current understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying depressive disorders is not only based on behavioral, neuroendocrine and pharmacological studies in depressed humans, but also on experimental studies in a wide variety of animal models of depression. Ideally, the two approaches should operate in close interaction, each providing additional information to the other approach. However, in practice the animal model approach seems to be rather independent from the human studies. In a critical evaluation of the available animal models of depression, Willner concluded that none of the models fulfilled the criteria of a sufficient face, construct and predictive validity. Although this evaluation was made ten years ago, we feel that the situation has improved very little since that time. Most animal models fail to sufficiently mimic both the etiology and the symptomatology of human depressive disorders. With respect to the etiology, stress and major life events are generally considered to be an important factor in the development of depression. Most of the animal models however use stressors which bear little or no relationship to the biology of the species, i.e. to the situations an animal may meet in its everyday life in a natural habitat. Moreover, these models do not pay attention to the temporal dynamics of the disease. In humans, the disease is characterized by its gradual onset, which is often preceded by symptoms of anxiety. Moreover, a relatively large number of patients suffers from recurrent episodes of depression, which tend to occur with decreasing intervals and increasing duration and severity. If we want to improve our knowledge of the causal mechanisms of depression, animal models which allow an experimental analysis of the temporal dynamics of the disease are essential.

Animal models in antihypertensive drug development research

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih ◽  
Mia Munawarroh Yuniyanti ◽  
Rahmi Ayu Wijayaningsih ◽  
Mosa Rini Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Setyo Purwono
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Development Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Drug Development Research ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood and its treatment is not yet satisfying. Animal models of hypertension have been useful to understand the pathogenesis of hypertension and to test novel therapeutic agents. There are several kinds of hypertension animal models. Each model has different characteristics. Knowing the characteristic of each model is important to obtain valid research. This review will describe several available methods to develop animal model for hypertension.

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