scholarly journals Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakeel ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Yinbo Gan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

Chromium (Cr) is one of the top seven toxic heavy metals, being ranked 21st among the abundantly found metals in the earth’s crust. A huge amount of Cr releases from various industries and Cr mines, which is accumulating in the agricultural land, is significantly reducing the crop development, growth, and yield. Chromium mediates phytotoxicity either by direct interaction with different plant parts and metabolic pathways or it generates internal stress by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the role of Cr-induced ROS in the phytotoxicity is very important. In the current study, we reviewed the most recent publications regarding Cr-induced ROS, Cr-induced alteration in the enzymatic antioxidant system, Cr-induced lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, Cr-induced DNA damage and genotoxicity, Cr-induced ultrastructural changes in cell and subcellular level, and Cr-induced alterations in photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus. Taken together, we conclude that Cr-induced ROS and the suppression of the enzymatic antioxidant system actually mediate Cr-induced cytotoxic, genotoxic, ultrastructural, and photosynthetic changes in plants.

scholarly journals Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Augustyniak ◽  
Izabela Pawłowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Lechowicz ◽  
Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska ◽  
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Oxygen Species

Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes’ integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.

Ascorbic acid improves mitochondrial function in liver of arsenic-treated rat

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohini Singh ◽  
Suresh Vir Singh Rana
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Oxygen Species

Arsenic is an ubiquitous and well-documented carcinogenic metalloid. The most common source of arsenic is drinking water. The mechanism of arsenic toxicity in a cell has historically been centered around its inhibitory effects on cellular respiration and mitochondrial injury. Ascorbic acid, a low molecular weight, water-soluble antioxidant, improves the reduced glutathione (GSH) status by recycling oxidized glutathione. Ascorbic acid can improve mitochondrial function by improving the thiol status; thereby preventing reactive oxygen species— mediated damage to liver as well as kidney. Ascorbic acid has been shown to protect membrane and other cellular compartments by regenerating vitamin E. Therefore, ascorbic acid seems to be a suitable protective factor against arsenic toxicity. Present reports describe the effect of ascorbic acid on oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), succinic dehydrogenase, caspase-3 and apoptosis in the liver of rats treated with arsenic trioxide (AsIII). Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria have also been reported. We show that cotreatments with ascorbic acid and AsIII improve mitochondrial structure and function. We attribute these improvements mainly to antioxidative role of ascorbic acid. Apoptosis was restricted due to caspase-3 inhibition. Ascorbic acid could protect DNA from the attack of reactive oxygen species generated by AsIII. Consequently its events led to improved ADP:O ratio, normalized ATPase activity and restored the activity of succinic dehydrogenase. Overall, results support the protective role of ascorbic acid against As III-induced liver injury.

Reduction of reactive oxygen species production and membrane damage during storage of ‘Daw’ longan fruit by chlorine dioxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warunee Chomkitichai ◽  
Athiwat Chumyam ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Jamnong Uthaibutra ◽  
Kobkiat Saengnil
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Defects And Their Role In Development Of Prostate Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanuli Kotrikadze ◽  
Manana Alibegashvili ◽  
Liana Ramishvili ◽  
Manana Gordeziani ◽  
Nato Chigogidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects

Introduction and Objectives: One of the characteristic changes of tumor formation is accumulation of genetic disorders in mitochondrial and nuclear genome. Mitochondrial disorders, from its side, are responsible for failure of metabolism, apoptosis, cell growth, formation of reactive oxygen species, etc. Overprpoduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly impacts the respiration chain enzymes and entirely the antioxidant system of mitochondria. Finally this may become a favorable condition for normal cells transformation.The purpose of the presented work was to study  the mitochondrial defects and to establish their role in prostate cancer development.Results: Experimental results demonstrate significant increase of the activity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenaze (complex II) of the malignant epithelial cells of prostate, and slight changes in cytochrome oxydase (complex IV) activity. Also significant activation of the antioxidant system (glutathione-dependant system) of mitochondria in prostate malignant epithelial cells was revealed.Conclusion: The above mentioned mitochondrial changes (II and IV complexes of respiration chain, activity of the antioxidant system) partially demonstrate the alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which from its side, may indicate to resistance of prostate cancer cells and correspondingly to intensification of proliferation processes.

scholarly journals Signaling Toward Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Enzymes in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Dvořák ◽  
Yuliya Krasylenko ◽  
Adam Zeiner ◽  
Jozef Šamaj ◽  
Tomáš Takáč
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are produced as byproducts of aerobic metabolism and are affected by adverse environmental conditions. The ROS content is controlled on the side of their production but also by scavenging machinery. Antioxidant enzymes represent a major ROS-scavenging force and are crucial for stress tolerance in plants. Enzymatic antioxidant defense occurs as a series of redox reactions for ROS elimination. Therefore, the deregulation of the antioxidant machinery may lead to the overaccumulation of ROS in plants, with negative consequences both in terms of plant development and resistance to environmental challenges. The transcriptional activation of antioxidant enzymes accompanies the long-term exposure of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. Fast ROS production requires the immediate mobilization of the antioxidant defense system, which may occur via retrograde signaling, redox-based modifications, and the phosphorylation of ROS detoxifying enzymes. This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge on signaling processes regulating the enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document