scholarly journals Advanced Medical Therapies in the Management of Non-Scarring Alopecia: Areata and Androgenic Alopecia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8390
Author(s):  
Antonio Martinez-Lopez ◽  
Trinidad Montero-Vilchez ◽  
Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Molina-Leyva ◽  
Salvador Arias-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Scarring Alopecia ◽  
Medical Therapies ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Alopecia is a challenging condition for both physicians and patients. Several topical, intralesional, oral, and surgical treatments have been developed in recent decades, but some of those therapies only provide partial improvement. Advanced medical therapies are medical products based on genes, cells, and/or tissue engineering products that have properties in regenerating, repairing, or replacing human tissue. In recent years, numerous applications have been described for advanced medical therapies. With this background, those therapies may have a role in the treatment of various types of alopecia such as alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia. The aim of this review is to provide dermatologists an overview of the different advanced medical therapies that have been applied in the treatment of alopecia, by reviewing clinical and basic research studies as well as ongoing clinical trials.

scholarly journals Osteosarcoma Pathogenesis Leads the Way to New Target Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Isabel Fernandes ◽  
Cecília Melo-Alvim ◽  
Raquel Lopes-Brás ◽  
Miguel Esperança-Martins ◽  
Luís Costa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Metastatic Setting ◽  
Phase I And Ii ◽  
The Way

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare condition with very poor prognosis in a metastatic setting. Basic research has enabled a better understanding of OS pathogenesis and the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets. Phase I and II clinical trials are already ongoing, with some promising results for these patients. This article reviews OS pathogenesis and new potential therapeutic targets.

EXPANSION OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS IN VITRO AS A MODEL SYSTEM FOR HUMAN TISSUE ENGINEERING

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel S. Greenberger ◽  
Julie P. Goff ◽  
Jason Bush ◽  
Alfred Bahnson ◽  
Douglas Koebler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Model System ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistulas (systematic literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
Andrei Anatolevich Mudrov ◽  
Aleksandr Yur’evich Titov ◽  
Mariyam Magomedovna Omarova ◽  
Sergei Alekseevich Frolov ◽  
Ivan Vasilevich Kostarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Rectovaginal Fistulas ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Despite the large number of available surgical interventions aimed at the treatment of rectovaginal fistulas, the results of their use remain extremely disappointing, associated with the high recurrence rate of the disease reaching 80 %, as well as the lack of a single tactic to minimize the risk of anal incontinence and the need for colostomy. Objective: to conduct a systematic literature review in order to summarize information related to the rectovaginal fistulas surgery. The systematic review includes the results of an analysis of 97 clinical trials selected from 756 publications found in databases. Inclusion criteria: a full-text article, the presence of at least 5 patients in the study, as well as data on the outcome of surgery. Clinical trials with different surgical treatments were identified and classified into the following categories: elimination of the rectovaginal septal defect with a displaced flap (rectal and vaginal); Martius surgery; gracilis muscle transposition; transperineal procedure; abdominal procedure including endoscopic and laparoscopic methods; use of biological or biocompatible materials. Treatment outcomes vary significantly from 0 % to > 80 %. None of the studies were randomized. Due to the low quality of the identified studies, comparison of results and meta-analysis conduction were not possible. Conclusion: as a result of the systematic review, data for the analysis and development of any strategic and tactical algorithms for the treatment of RVF were not obtained. The most important questions still remain open: what and when surgical method to choose, is it necessary to form a disconnecting stoma?

THE ROLE OF AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS OF THE WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY IN PATIENTS WITH ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA AND ALOPECIA AREATA

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Samoylova A.V. ◽  
Snimshchikova I.A. ◽  
Plotnikova M.O. ◽  
Yakushkina N.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Active Population

Alopecia is a common pathology among the active population, which leads not only to cosmetic defects, but also to the development of somatic diseases against the background of traumatic effects and chronic stress. The pathogenetic mechanisms of hair follicle formation are complex and diverse, since numerous factors, including the components of the Wnt signaling pathway, have an effect on its morphogenesis, the study of which is the subject of this study. The search for possible early markers of the development of alopecia led to interest in the study of the main morphogenic proteins of WNT - the signaling pathway (one of the intracellular signaling pathways, which control the development of blood vessels, as well as the growth and division of hair follicle cells) sclerostin and β-catenin among patients with androgenic and alopecia areata. The article presents data on the quantitative content of β-catenin and sclerostin in the blood serum in patients with androgenic and alopecia areata. Their possible pathways of complex interaction and influence on the morphogenesis of the hair follicle and the activity of the Wnt-signaling pathway have been analyzed, and the relationship between changes in the level of morphogenic proteins of the WNT-signaling pathway with sex and the course of the disease has been described. Establishment of the prognostic role of morphogenic proteins of the WNT signaling pathway in androgenic and alopecia areata will allow not only identify the personal risk of disease progression and to determine approaches to targeted therapy, but to develop and introduce updated diagnostic screening into dermatological practice.

scholarly journals Tissue engineering of urethra: Systematic review of recent literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 242 (18) ◽  
pp. 1772-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Žiaran ◽  
Martina Galambošová ◽  
L'uboš Danišovič
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Urethral Reconstruction

The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. A total of 31 articles describing the use of tissue engineering for urethra reconstruction were included. The obtained results were discussed in three groups: cells, scaffolds, and clinical results of urethral reconstructions using these components. Stem cells of different origin were used in many experimental studies, but only autologous urothelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes were applied in clinical trials. Natural and synthetic scaffolds were studied in the context of urethral tissue engineering. The main advantage of synthetic ones is the fact that they can be obtained in unlimited amount and modified by different techniques, but scaffolds of natural origin normally contain chemical groups and bioactive proteins which increase the cell attachment and may promote the cell proliferation and differentiation. The most promising are smart scaffolds delivering different bioactive molecules or those that can be tubularized. In two clinical trials, only onlay-fashioned transplants were used for urethral reconstruction. However, the very promising results were obtained from animal studies where tubularized scaffolds, both non-seeded and cell-seeded, were applied. Impact statement The main goal of this article was to perform a systematic review of the recent literature on urethral tissue engineering. It summarizes the most recent information about cells, seeded or non-seeded scaffolds and clinical application with respect to regeneration of urethra.

Neural Tissue Xenotransplantation: What is Needed Prior to Clinical Trials in Parkinson's Disease?

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Barker ◽  
A. Lisa Kendall ◽  
Håkan Widner ◽  
H. Widner ◽  
L. Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Human Fetal Tissue ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Alternative Sources

Embryonic allografted human tissue in patients with Parkinson's disease has been shown to survive and ameliorate many of the symptoms of this disease. Despite this success, the practical problems of using this tissue coupled to the ethical restrictions of using aborted human fetal tissue have lead to an exploration for alternative sources of suitable material for grafting, including xenogeneic embryonic dopaminergic-rich neural tissue. Nevertheless, xenografted neural tissue itself generates a number of practical, ethical, safety, and immunological issues that have to be addressed prior to any clinical xenotransplant program. In this article we review these critical issues and set out the criteria that we consider need to be met in the development of our clinical xenotransplantation research programs. We advocate that these, or similar, criteria should be adopted and made explicit by other centers contemplating similar clinical trials.

Human tissue engineering allows the identification of active miRNA regulators of glioblastoma aggressiveness

Biomaterials ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cosset ◽  
T. Petty ◽  
V. Dutoit ◽  
D. Tirefort ◽  
P. Otten-Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Human Tissue

scholarly journals Absolute benefits of medical therapies in phase III clinical trials for breast and colorectal cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1411-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Seruga ◽  
P.C. Hertz ◽  
L. Wang ◽  
C.M. Booth ◽  
D.W. Cescon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Therapies

scholarly journals Myocardial Restoration: Is It the Cell or the Architecture or Both?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Thang Vu ◽  
Theo Kofidis
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiac Cell ◽  
Cardiac Cell Therapy ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Structural Aspects

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death in developed countries. Cardiac cell therapy has been introduced to clinical trials for more than ten years but its results are still controversial. Tissue engineering has addressed some limitations of cell therapy and appears to be a promising solution for cardiac regeneration. In this review, we would like to summarize the current understanding about the therapeutic effect of cell therapy and tissue engineering under purview of functional and structural aspects, highlighting actual roles of each therapy towards clinical application.

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