scholarly journals Global Changes of 5-mC/5h-mC Ratio and Methylation of Adiponectin and Leptin Gene in Placenta Depending on Mode of Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3195
Author(s):  
Aneta Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak ◽  
Marcelina Malinowska ◽  
Anna Kloska ◽  
Joanna Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka ◽  
Mariusz Gujski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Elective Cesarean

It was suggested that the epigenetic alterations of the placenta are associated with obesity, as well as the delivery mode. This study aimed to assess the effect of maternal outcome and delivery procedure on global placental DNA methylation status, as well as selected 5’-Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine-3’ (CpG) sites in ADIPOQ and LEP genes. Global DNA methylation profile in the placenta was assessed using the 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) ratio evaluated with the ELISA, followed by target gene methylation patterns at selected gene regions which were determined using methylation-specific qPCR in 70 placentas from healthy, pregnant women with single pregnancy. We found no statistically significant differences in 5-mC/5-hmC ratio between intrapartum cesarean sections (CS) and vaginal deliveries (p = 0.214), as well as between elective cesarean sections and vaginal deliveries (p = 0.221). In intrapartum cesarean sections, the ADIPOQ demethylation index was significantly higher (the average: 1.75) compared to elective cesarean section (the average: 1.23, p = 0.010) and vaginal deliveries (the average: 1.23, p = 0.011). The LEP demethylation index did not significantly differ among elective CS, intrapartum CS, and vaginal delivery groups. The demethylation index of ADIPOQ correlated negatively with LEP in the placenta in the vaginal delivery group (r = −0.456, p = 0.017), but not with the global methylation. The methylation of a singular locus might be different depending on the mode of delivery and uterine contractions. Further studies should be conducted with locus-specific analysis of the whole genome to detect the methylation index of specific genes involved in metabolism.

scholarly journals Anandamide Exerts a Differential Effect on Human Placenta Before and After the Onset of Labor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Accialini ◽  
Cyntia Abán ◽  
Tomás Etcheverry ◽  
Mercedes Negri Malbrán ◽  
Gustavo Leguizamón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Relevant Finding

The onset of labor involves the action of multiple factors and recent reports have postulated the endocannabinoid system as a new regulator of this process. Our objective was to study the role of anandamide, one of the main endocannabinoids, on the regulation of placental molecules that contribute to the onset of labor at term. Placental samples were obtained from patients with laboring vaginal deliveries and from non-laboring elective cesarean sections. Vaginal delivery placentas produced higher prostaglandins levels than cesarean section samples. Besides, no differences were observed in NOS basal activity between groups. Incubation of vaginal delivery placentas with anandamide increased prostaglandins concentration and decreased NOS activity. Antagonism of type-1cannabinoid receptor (CB1) did not alter the effect observed on NOS activity. Conversely, incubation of cesarean section placentas with anandamide reduced prostaglandins levels and enhanced NOS activity, the latter involving the participation of CB1. Furthermore, we observed a differential expression of the main components of the endocannabinoid system between placental samples, being the change in CB1 localization the most relevant finding. Our results suggest that anandamide acts as a modulator of the signals that regulate labor, exerting differential actions depending on CB1 localization in laboring or non-laboring term placentas.

Comparison of Melatonin Levels in the Colostrum between Vaginal Delivery and Cesarean Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Kalem ◽  
Tuncay Yuce ◽  
Batuhan Bakırarar ◽  
Feride Söylemez ◽  
Müberra Namlı Kalem
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emergency Cesarean ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Objective This study aims to compare melatonin levels in colostrum between vaginal and cesarean delivery. Study Design This cross-sectional study was conducted with 139 mothers who gave live births between February 2016 and December 2016. The mothers were divided into three groups according to the mode of delivery: 60 mothers (43.2%) in the vaginal delivery group, 47 mothers (33.8%) in the elective cesarean delivery, and 32 mothers (23.0%) in the emergency cesarean delivery group. Colostrum of the mothers was taken between 01:00 and 03:00 a.m. within 48 to 72 hours following the delivery, and the melatonin levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared between the groups. Results The melatonin levels in the colostrum were the highest in the vaginal delivery group, lower in the elective cesarean section group, and the lowest in the emergency cesarean group (265.7 ± 74.3, 204.9 ± 55.6, and 167.1 ± 48.1, respectively; p < 0.001). The melatonin levels in the colostrum did not differ according to the demographic characteristics of the mothers, gestational age, birth weight, newborn sex, the Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) scores, and for the requirement for neonatal intensive care. Conclusion Our study results showed that melatonin levels in the colostrum of the mothers who delivered vaginally were higher than those who delivered by cesarean section. Considering the known benefits of melatonin for the newborns, we believe that vaginal delivery poses an advantage.

scholarly journals The impact of delivery mode on the risk of neonatal intracranial haemorrhage

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Buh ◽  
Miha Lučovnik
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Emergency Caesarean ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The objective of the study was to examine the association between the mode of delivery and the incidence of neonatal intracranial haemorrhage.Methods: Slovenian National Perinatal Information System (NPIS) data for the period 2002 through 2016 were analysed. Nulliparous women delivering singleton neonates in cephalic presentation weighting 2,500 to 4,000g were included. Incidence of neonatal intracranial haemorrhage in vacuum delivery vs. other modes of delivery was compared using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05 significant).Results: 125,393 deliveries were included: 5,438 (4 %) planned caesarean deliveries, 9,7764 (78 %) spontaneous vaginal deliveries, 15,577 (12 %) emergency caesarean deliveries, and 6,614 (5 %) vacuum extractions. 17 (0.14/1000) neonatal intracranial haemorrhages were recorded: 12 occurred in spontaneous vaginal deliveries, two in emergency caesarean deliveries, and three in vacuum extractions. In comparison to infants born by spontaneous vaginal delivery, those delivered by vacuum extraction had higher rates of intracranial haemorrhage (odds ratio (OR) 3.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04−13.10). Risk estimates did not reach statistical significance when comparing infants born by vacuum extraction and those born by emergency caesarean delivery (OR 3.54; 95% CI 0.59−21.16).Discussion and conclusion: Infants born by vacuum extraction have significantly higher rates of intracranial haemorrhage than those born by spontaneous vaginal delivery although the absolute risk is small. There are no significant differences in the rates of intracranial haemorrhage in vacuum extraction vs. emergency caesarean delivery.

scholarly journals Single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective cesarean sections

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Grujic ◽  
Ana Sabo ◽  
Ilija Grujic ◽  
Vesna Kopitovic ◽  
Maja Papovic
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Preoperative Administration ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Introduction. The aim of our study was to determine whether a single-dose preoperative administration of antibiotics was sufficient to prevent intra and postoperative infections in the parturients without a high risk of developing an infection, in whom the delivery was completed by cesarean section, as well as to answer whether the administered dose of antibiotics satisfied the requirements of therapeutic concentrations necessary to protect against infection in the period during the surgical procedure and during the first 6 postoperative hours. Material and methods. All investigated pregnant women were planned to have elective cesarean section as a mode of delivery. They were distributed in groups depending on the type (cephalexin, gentamycin and cephazolin) of antibiotic prophylaxis administered as a single dose. In all patients the clinical postoperative course was followed for possible infection. The concentrations of antibiotics were estimated immediately and 6h following the operation. The estimation of antibiotic concentrations was done by the method of liquid chromatography (for antibiotics belonging to the group of cephalosporins), i.e. RIA method for antibiotics from the group of aminoglycosides. Results and conclusion. The total number of infections in investigated groups was 5.18%. The measured mean concentrations of administered antibiotics following the operation and 6 h later were above MIC. This is a proof that the obtained antibiotic prophylaxis by a single dose administration of anbtibiotic is sufficient to prevent the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms from the skin.

scholarly journals Can the Induction of Labor with Misoprostol Increase Maternal Blood Loss?

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 053-059
Author(s):  
Paulo Souza ◽  
Karla Damasceno ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Carlos Alencar Júnior ◽  
Francisco Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Estimate Blood Loss ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Labor Induction ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Purpose To evaluate blood loss during misoprostol-induced vaginal births and during cesarean sections after attempted misoprostol induction. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in 101 pregnant women indicated for labor induction; pre- and postpartum hemoglobin levels were measured to estimate blood loss during delivery. Labor was induced by administering 25 µg vaginal misoprostol every 6 hours (with a maximum of 6 doses). The control group included 30 patients who spontaneously entered labor, and 30 patients who underwent elective cesarean section. Pre- and postpartum hemoglobin levels were evaluated using the analysis of variance for repeated measurements, showing the effects of time (pre- and postpartum) and of the group (with and without misoprostol administration). Results There were significant differences between pre- and postpartum hemoglobin levels (p < 0.0001) with regard to misoprostol-induced vaginal deliveries (1.6 ± 1.4 mg/dL), non-induced vaginal deliveries (1.4 ± 1.0 mg/dL), cesarean sections after attempted misoprostol induction (1.5 ± 1.0 mg/dL), and elective cesarean deliveries (1.8 ± 1.1 mg/dL). However, the differences were proportional between the groups with and without misoprostol administration, for both cesarean (p = 0.6845) and vaginal deliveries (p = 0.2694). Conclusions Labor induction using misoprostol did not affect blood loss during delivery.

scholarly journals Influence of age, mode of delivery and parity on the prevalence of posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthela Maria Murad-Regadas ◽  
Francisco Sergio P Regadas ◽  
Lusmar Veras Rodrigues ◽  
Débora Couto Furtado ◽  
Ana Cecília Gondim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Obstructed Defecation ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Obstructed Defecation Syndrome ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Group Ii

CONTEXT: The correlation between vaginal delivery, age and pelvic floor dysfunctions involving obstructed defecation is still a matter of controversy. OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of age, mode of delivery and parity on the prevalence of posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions in women with obstructed defecation syndrome. METHODS: Four hundred sixty-nine females with obstructed defecation syndrome were retrospectively evaluated using dynamic 3D ultrasonography to quantify posterior pelvic floor dysfunctions (rectocele grade II or III, rectal intussusception, paradoxical contraction/non-relaxation of the puborectalis and entero/ sigmoidocele grade III). In addition, sphincter damage was evaluated. Patients were grouped according to age (<50y x >50y) and stratified by mode of delivery and parity: group I (<50y): 218 patients, 75 nulliparous, 64 vaginal delivery and 79 only cesarean section and group II (>50y): 251 patients, 60 nulliparous, 148 vaginal delivery and 43 only caesarean section. Additionally, patients were stratified by number of vaginal deliveries: 0 - nulliparous (n = 135), 1 - vaginal (n = 46), >1 - vaginal (n = 166). RESULTS: Rectocele grade II or III, intussusception, rectocele + intussusception and sphincter damage were more prevalent in Group II (P = 0.0432; P = 0.0028; P = 0.0178; P = 0.0001). The stratified groups (nulliparous, vaginal delivery and cesarean) did not differ significantly with regard to rectocele, intussusception or anismus in each age group. Entero/sigmoidocele was more prevalent in the vaginal group <50y and in the nulliparous and vaginal groups >50y. No correlation was found between rectocele and the number of vaginal deliveries. CONCLUSION: Higher age (>50 years) was shown to influence the prevalence of significant rectocele, intussusception and sphincter damage in women. However, delivery mode and parity were not correlated with the prevalence of rectocele, intussusception and anismus in women with obstructed defecation.

Is there a relationship between delivery mode and serum irisin levels in pregnant women?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Tuştaş Haberal ◽  
İpek Ulu ◽  
Cemile Özcan ◽  
Gülden Aday Gök ◽  
Gürkan Kıran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pelvic Muscles ◽  
Elective Cesarean

AbstractBackground:The aim of our study was to find out whether exercise of the pelvic muscles during vaginal delivery increases maternal and cord blood irisin levels.Methods:This prospective study included 20 patients who vaginally delivered their babies and 20 patients that underwent elective cesarean section. In the vaginal delivery group, delivery occured either spontaneously or by induction. In the other group, the patients were electively operated before uterine contractions started. We compared serum irisin levels of the two groups and cord blood irisin levels of the babies of these mothers.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in maternal serum irisin levels between the two groups (p>0.05). We also found no statistically significant difference in cord blood irisin levels (p>0.05). The positive correlation between maternal and cord blood irisin levels was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). We also detected a significant positive correlation between maternal irisin levels and BMI in our study (p<0.05).Conclusions:Irisin is a challenging molecule. Although we did not find a significant difference in the irisin levels of women according to the method of delivery, we feel that further investigations are warranted.

scholarly journals Comparison of Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood of Newborn Infants of vaginal and cesarean deliveries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2487-2494
Author(s):  
Eman Khammas ALSaadi ◽  
Batol Faisal Taher ◽  
Mohammed Abid Darweesh ◽  
Mohammed Abul Al-Monther
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Elective Cesarean

The oxidative stress injury that has been linked to poor perinatal outcome and birth asphyxia may be found even with normal pregnancy, and it is severity in a newborn may be related to modes of delivery for which our study aimed to identify. Furthermore, this study was aimed to study the effect of both related- maternal, and related neonatal characteristics on baby’s oxidative stress marker level (Malondialdehyde). Fifty newborn children were selected in both labor ward and operating theatre of Al-Sadder Teaching Hospital, Misan, Iraq. They were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 28 newborns, who were born by a vaginal delivery; the second group consisted of 22 newborns who delivered by elective cesarean section. The laboratory measurement of levels of an important antioxidant factor [malondialdehyde (MDA)] in baby’s cord blood has been extracted and used as an indicator of stress. We compared the two samples of different malondialdehyde levels in relation to variables as the delivery type, some maternal, fetal and neonatal characteristics. The results of this study revealed that MDA level was higher among neonates delivered through Elective Cesareans Section than those delivered through Vaginal Delivery with significant statistical value (p>0.0001). The previous delivery mood has a statistically significant value of (p>0.02) among mothers who had no previous deliveries.  While there were no significant statistical values regarding maternal characteristics as (ages, parity, residency, antenatal care, history of previous abortion, and body mass index) as well as fetal and neonatal characteristics as (sex, birth weight, fetal presentation, and Apgar score) and high MDA level. The current study was concluded that babies delivered by Elective Cesarean Section had been exposed to more oxidative stress compared to the normal Vaginal Deliveries especially for the Primigravidas.

scholarly journals Women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section for a single pregnancy: a population-based and multivariate study in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam de Loenzien ◽  
Quoc Nhu Hung Mac ◽  
Alexandre Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Primiparous Women

Abstract Background Women’s empowerment, and maternal and neonatal health are important targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. Our objective is to examine the relationship between women’s empowerment and elective cesarean section (ECS), focusing on Vietnam, a country where the use of CS has increased rapidly in recent decades, which raises public health concerns. Methods We hypothesized that in the context of the developing biomedicalization of childbirth, women’s empowerment increases the use of ECS due to a woman’s enhanced ability to decide her mode of delivery. By using microdata from the 2013–2014 Multiple Indicator Clusters Survey, we conducted a multivariate analysis of the correlates of ECS. We studied a representative sample of 1343 institutional single birth deliveries. Due to higher ECS rates among multiparous (18.4%) than primiparous women (10.1%) and the potential interaction between parity and other correlates, we used separate models for primiparous and multiparous women. Results Among the indicators of women’s external resources, which include a higher level of education, having worked during the previous 12 months, and having one’s own mobile phone, only education differed between primiparous and multiparous women, with a higher level among primiparous women. Among primiparous women, no resource indicator was significantly linked to ECS. However, considering women’s empowerment facilitated the identification of the negative impact of having had fewer than 3 antenatal care visits on the use of ECS. Among multiparous women, disapproval of intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with a doubled likelihood of undergoing ECS (odds ratio = 2.415), and living in an urban area also doubled the likelihood of ECS. The positive association with living in the richest household quintile was no longer significant when attitude towards IPV was included in the model. In both groups, being aged 35 or older increased the likelihood of undergoing ECS, and this impact was stronger in primiparous women. Conclusions These results underline the multidimensionality of empowerment, its links to other correlates and its contribution to clarifying the influence of these correlates, particularly for distinguishing between medical and sociocultural determinants. The results advocate for the integration of women's empowerment into policies aimed at reducing ECS rates.

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