scholarly journals The Causes and Potential Injurious Effects of Elevated Serum Leptin Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4685
Author(s):  
Justyna Korczynska ◽  
Aleksandra Czumaj ◽  
Michal Chmielewski ◽  
Julian Swierczynski ◽  
Tomasz Sledzinski
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions ◽  
Injurious Effects

Leptin is an adipokine that regulates appetite and body mass and has many other pleiotropic functions, including regulating kidney function. Increased evidence shows that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with hyperleptinemia, but the reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. In this review, we focused on potential causes of hyperleptinemia in patients with CKD and the effects of elevated serum leptin levels on patient kidney function and cardiovascular risk. The available data indicate that the increased concentration of leptin in the blood of CKD patients may result from both decreased leptin elimination from the circulation by the kidneys (due to renal dysfunction) and increased leptin production by the adipose tissue. The overproduction of leptin by the adipose tissue could result from: (a) hyperinsulinemia; (b) chronic inflammation; and (c) significant lipid disturbances in CKD patients. Elevated leptin in CKD patients may further deteriorate kidney function and lead to increased cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of the Leptin Gene in Adipose Tissue of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease–The Possible Role of an Abnormal Serum Fatty Acid Profile

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Justyna Korczyńska ◽  
Aleksandra Czumaj ◽  
Michał Chmielewski ◽  
Maciej Śledziński ◽  
Adriana Mika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Serum Leptin

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased level of leptin and an abnormal fatty acid (FA) profile in the serum. However, there are no data on the associations between them, and the reason for increased serum levels in patients with CKD is not well elucidated. Recently, we found that a CKD-related abnormal FA profile caused significant changes in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to examine whether leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients with CKD may contribute to increased serum levels of this adipokine and whether the abnormal serum FA profile observed in CKD patients has an impact on leptin gene expression in adipocytes. The FA profile was measured in serum samples from patients with CKD and controls by GC–MS. The relative mRNA levels of leptin were measured in SAT by Real-Time PCR. Moreover, the effect of the CKD-related abnormal FA profile on leptin gene expression was studied in in vitro cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Patients with CKD had higher concentrations of serum leptin than controls and higher expression level of the leptin gene in SAT. They also had increased serum monounsaturated FAs and decreased polyunsaturated FAs. The incubation of adipocytes with FAs isolated from CKD patients resulted in an increase of the levels of leptin mRNA. Increased leptin gene expression in SAT may contribute to elevated concentrations of these adipokine in patients with CKD. CKD-related alterations of the FA profile may contribute to elevated serum leptin concentrations in patients with CKD by increasing the gene expression of this adipokine in SAT.

scholarly journals Epicardial Adipose Tissue, Adiponectin and Leptin: A Potential Source of Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis D’Marco ◽  
Maria Jesús Puchades ◽  
Jose Luis Gorriz ◽  
Maria Romero-Parra ◽  
Marcos Lima-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

The importance of cardiometabolic factors in the inception and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increasingly being recognized. Beyond diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, other factors may be responsible in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, which is estimated to be 5- to 20-fold higher than in the general population. Although undefined uremic toxins are often blamed for part of the increased risk, visceral adipose tissue, and in particular epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), have been the focus of intense research in the past two decades. In fact, several lines of evidence suggest their involvement in atherosclerosis development and its complications. EAT may promote atherosclerosis through paracrine and endocrine pathways exerted via the secretion of adipocytokines such as adiponectin and leptin. In this article we review the current knowledge of the impact of EAT on cardiovascular outcomes in the general population and in patients with CKD. Special reference will be made to adiponectin and leptin as possible mediators of the increased cardiovascular risk linked with EAT.

scholarly journals Elevated Serum Leptin, Adiponectin and Leptin to Adiponectin Ratio Is Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Asian Adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0122009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Ciwei Lim ◽  
Boon Wee Teo ◽  
E. Shyong Tai ◽  
Su Chi Lim ◽  
Choong Meng Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Leptin

scholarly journals Association of Nutrition Education and Its Interaction with Lifestyle Factors on Kidney Function Parameters and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Taiwan

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Adi-Lukas Kurniawan ◽  
Ya-Lan Yang ◽  
Mei-Yun Chin ◽  
Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽  
Rathi Paramastri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects

We evaluated the interactive effects of nutrition education (NE) and lifestyle factors on kidney function parameters and cardiovascular risk factors among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This cross-sectional cohort study recruited 2176 CKD stages 3–5 patients aged > 20 years from Integrated Chronic Kidney Disease Care Network, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taiwan between December 2008 and April 2019. The multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate the interactive effects of NE with lifestyle factors on kidney function parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) were applied to assess additive interaction. Patients who were smoking or physically inactive but received NE had better estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (β: 3.83, 95% CI: 1.17–6.49 or β: 3.67, 95% CI: 2.04–5.29) compared to those without NE. Patients with smoking and NE significantly reduced risks for having high glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by 47%, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 38%, and high corrected calcium (C-Ca) by 50% compared to those without NE. Moreover, NE and smoking or inactive physical activity exhibited an excess risk of high C-Ca (RERI: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.09–0.85 for smoking or RERI: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.01–0.90 and AP: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.03–0.99 for physical activity). Our study suggests that CKD patients who were enrolled in the NE program had better kidney function. Thus, NE could be associated with slowing kidney function decline and improving cardiovascular risk factors.

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