scholarly journals Heat Priming of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Seeds and Foliar Treatment with γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Confers Protection to Reproductive Function and Yield Traits under High-Temperature Stress Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5825
Author(s):  
Anjali Bhardwaj ◽  
Kumari Sita ◽  
Akanksha Sehgal ◽  
Kalpna Bhandari ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Gradually increasing temperatures at global and local scales are causing heat stress for cool and summer-season food legumes, such as lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), which is highly susceptible to heat stress, especially during its reproductive stages of development. Hence, suitable strategies are needed to develop heat tolerance in this legume. In the present study, we tested the effectiveness of heat priming (HPr; 6 h at 35 °C) the lentil seeds and a foliar treatment of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 1 mM; applied twice at different times), singly or in combination (HPr+GABA), under heat stress (32/20 °C) in two heat-tolerant (HT; IG2507, IG3263) and two heat-sensitive (HS; IG2821, IG2849) genotypes to mitigate heat stress. The three treatments significantly reduced heat injury to leaves and flowers, particularly when applied in combination, including leaf damage assessed as membrane injury, cellular oxidizing ability, leaf water status, and stomatal conductance. The combined HPr+GABA treatment significantly improved the photosynthetic function, measured as photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll concentration, and sucrose synthesis; and significantly reduced the oxidative damage, which was associated with a marked up-regulation in the activities of enzymatic antioxidants. The combined treatment also facilitated the synthesis of osmolytes, such as proline and glycine betaine, by upregulating the expression of their biosynthesizing enzymes (pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase; betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase) under heat stress. The HPr+GABA treatment caused a considerable enhancement in endogenous levels of GABA in leaves, more so in the two heat-sensitive genotypes. The reproductive function, measured as germination and viability of pollen grains, receptivity of stigma, and viability of ovules, was significantly improved with combined treatment, resulting in enhanced pod number (21–23% in HT and 35–38% in HS genotypes, compared to heat stress alone) and seed yield per plant (22–24% in HT and 37–40% in HS genotypes, in comparison to heat stress alone). The combined treatment (HPr+GABA) was more effective and pronounced in heat-sensitive than heat-tolerant genotypes for all the traits tested. This study offers a potential solution for tackling and protecting heat stress injury in lentil plants.

scholarly journals Exploring Morpho-Physiological Variation for Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Samikshya Bhattarai ◽  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Daniel Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Texas tomato production is vulnerable to extreme heat in the spring-summer cropping period, which is exacerbated by the lack of superior genetic materials that can perform well in such environments. There is a dire need for selecting superior varieties that can adapt to warm environments and exhibit high yield stability under heat stress conditions. This research aimed at identifying heat-tolerant varieties under heat-stress conditions in controlled and open-field environments and was carried out in three stages. For the first experiment, 43 varieties were screened based on yield responses in natural open-field environment. From those, 18 varieties were chosen and exposed to control (greenhouse: 26/20 °C) and constant heat-stress (growth-chamber: 34/24 °C) conditions for three months. Measurements were done for chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, stem diameter and heat injury index (HII). The last experiment was conducted in an open field with a pool of varieties selected from the first and second experiments. Leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD value, electrolyte leakage, heat injury index and yield were assessed. From the combined studies, we concluded that heat-tolerant genotypes selected by using chlorophyll fluorescence and HII in controlled heat-stress conditions also exhibited heat-tolerance in open-field environments. Electrolyte leakage and HII best distinguished tomato varieties in open-field environments as plants with low electrolyte leakage and HII had higher total yield. 'Heat Master,' 'New Girl,' 'HM-1823,' 'Rally,' 'Valley Girl,' 'Celebrity,' and 'Tribeca' were identified as high heat-tolerant varieties. Through trait correlation analysis we provide a better understanding of which traits could be useful for screening and breeding other heat-tolerant tomato varieties.

scholarly journals Heat-tolerant hot pepper exhibits constant photosynthesis via increased transpiration rate, high proline content and fast recovery in heat stress condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo Young Chae ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Heat Stress Condition ◽  
Heat Tolerant

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism for heat tolerance is important for the hot pepper breeding program to develop heat-tolerant cultivars in changing climate. This study was conducted to investigate physiological and biochemical parameters related to heat tolerance and to determine leaf heat damage levels critical for selecting heat-tolerant genotypes. Seedlings of two commercial cultivars, heat-tolerant ‘NW Bigarim’ (NB) and susceptible ‘Chyung Yang’ (CY), were grown in 42 °C for ten days. Photosynthesis, electrolyte conductivity, proline content were measured among seedlings during heat treatment. Photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced in ‘CY’ but not in ‘NB’ seedlings in 42 °C. Stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was significantly higher in ‘NB’ than ‘CY’. Proline content was also significantly higher in ‘NB’. After heat treatment, leaf heat damages were determined as 0, 25, 50 and 75% and plants with different leaf heat damages were moved to a glasshouse (30–32/22–24 °C in day/night). The growth and developmental parameters were investigated until 70 days. ‘NB’ was significantly affected by leaf heat damages only in fruit yield while ‘CY’ was in fruit set, number and yield. ‘NB’ showed fast recovery after heat stress compared to ‘CY’. These results suggest that constant photosynthetic rate via increased transpiration rate as well as high proline content in heat stress condition confer faster recovery from heat damage of heat-tolerant cultivars in seedlings stages.

Heat-stress induced synthesis of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor (EF-Tu) in a heat-tolerant maize line

Planta ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra K. Bhadula ◽  
Thomas E. Elthon ◽  
Jeffrey E. Habben ◽  
Timothy G. Helentjaris ◽  
Shuping Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Maize Line ◽  
Chloroplast Protein ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Chloroplast Protein Synthesis

Localization of metallothionein, heat shock protein (Hsp70), and superoxide dismutase expression in Hemidiaptomus roubaui (Copepoda, Crustacea) exposed to cadmium and heat stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Liberge ◽  
Roxane-M. Barthélémy
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Shock Proteins

Immunohistochemical methods were applied in the present study to investigate the expression of stress proteins such as metallothioneins (MT), which are metal-binding proteins, and heat shock proteins (Hsp70), as well as an antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, SOD), in the freshwater crustacean copepod Hemidiaptomus roubaui (Richard, 1888) exposed to cadmium or heat stress. The results show a tissue-specific distribution of MT-like protein after cadmium exposure in the brain and in the nerve cord. Cadmium stress did not provoke inducible Hsp70 or SOD expression. Unlike cadmium, heat stress induced the expression of Hsp70 and SOD in the shell glands, a structure involved in the reproductive function, and more particularly in the formation of the diapause egg envelope. MT expression is not induced in animals exposed to heat stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Yield and Some Agronomic Characters of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
MAZ Sarker ◽  
MA Hakim ◽  
MV Lozovskaya ◽  
VP Zvolinsky
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

Eight modern wheat varieties (viz., Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26) were evaluated to find out the suitable variety for optimum and late sown condition, to find out heat tolerant and heat sensitive variety and to find out the optimum sowing time for a specific variety. The experiment was conducted in the research farm of Wheat Research Center (25°38´ N, 88°41´ E and 38.20 m above sea level.), Bangladesh, under eight sowing times (viz., 8 Nov., 15 Nov., 22 Nov., 29 Nov., 6 Dec., 13 Dec., 20 Dec. and 27 Dec.). Results showed that wheat sown in November 22 to December 20 was significantly better compared to November 08, 15 and December 27, from the studied aspects of yield and yield components. Considering overall sowing performance of all genotypes Shatabdi is the best, followed by BARI Gom-26 (2nd), Sourav (3rd), Prodip (4th), Bijoy (5th), Gourab (6th), Sufi (7th) and BARI Gom-25 (least). In extremely heat stress (November 08 and December 27) condition Prodip was found to be heat sensitive genotype (yield reduction 41.18 and 28.92%), followed by BARI Gom-26 (yield reduction 41.15 and 22.73%). Both in too early and very late heat stress conditions, genotypes Sourav and BARI Gom-25 were found to be heat tolerant. In very early (November 08), variety Sourav (yield reduction 20.47%) is recommended, followed by BARI Gom-25 (yield reduction 27.91%) and in very late (December 27), Sufi is the best (yield reduction 8.60%), followed by Bijoy (yield reduction 11.05%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v1i1-2.13932 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 1 (1&2): 44-54, December, 2011

scholarly journals Heat-tolerant Hot Pepper Exhibits Constant Photosynthesis Via Increased 4 Transpiration Rate, High Proline Content and Fast Recovery in Heat Stress 5 Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo Young Chae ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Understanding the mechanism for heat tolerance is important for the hot pepper breeding program to develop heat-tolerant cultivars in changing climate. This study was conducted to investigate physiological and biochemical parameters related to heat tolerance and to determine leaf heat damage levels critical for selecting heat-tolerant genotypes. Seedlings of two commercial cultivars, heat-tolerant ‘NW Bigarim’ (NB) and susceptible ‘Chyung Yang’ (CY), were grown in 42 °C for ten days. Photosynthesis, electrolyte conductivity, proline content were measured among seedlings during heat treatment. Photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced in ‘CY’ but not in ‘NB’ seedlings in 42 °C. Stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was significantly higher in ‘NB’ than ‘CY’. Proline content was also significantly higher in ‘NB’. After heat treatment, leaf heat damages were determined as 0, 25, 50 and 75% and plants with different leaf heat damages were moved to a glasshouse (30–32/22–24 °C in day/night). The growth and developmental parameters were investigated until 70 days. ‘NB’ was significantly affected by leaf heat damages only in fruit yield while ‘CY’ was in fruit set, number and yield. ‘NB’ showed fast recovery after heat stress compared to ‘CY’. These results suggest that constant photosynthetic rate via increased transpiration rate as well as high proline content in heat stress condition confer faster recovery from heat damage of heat-tolerant cultivars in seedlings stages.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on Physiological and Recovery Growth Status of Two Tomato Cultivars With Different Heat Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo-Young Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature seriously effects on plant vegetative and reproductive development and reduces productivity of plants, while to increase crop yield is the main target in most crop heat stress tolerance improvement breeding programs, not just survival, under high temperature. Our aim was to compare temperature stress tolerance in two commercial tomato cultivars “Dafnis” (big fruit size) and “Minichal” (cherry fruit size) to develop early screening methods and find out survival rate and physiological responses of tomato cultivars on high temperature (40°C and within 70% RH, day/night) in 4-5 true leaf seedling stage- (4LS) and identifies the linkage of heat tolerance with fruit set and leaf heat damage rates (LHD) in seedling stage with subsequent vegetative traits at recovery. Results showed that heat stress significantly affected on physiological-chemical and vegetative parameters of seedlings regardless of tomato cultivars. Survival and the threshold level of high temperature tolerance in the seedlings of cv. “Dafnis” and “Minichal” were identified on days 7 and 9, respectively. Our findings revealed that photosynthesis (PN, Gs, Ci, Tr) parameters were increased and CHL content persisted steady value in cv. “Minichal” during heat stress period, however EC and RPL rates were lower than cv. “Dafnis”. Heat stress reduced the SFW in both cultivars in seedling stage, but PH and RFW were significantly decreased in the heat tolerant cv. “Minichal”, whereas this parameters were not significantly ranged in the heat susceptible cv. “Dafnis”. Additionally, there no found linkage between vegetative parameters with decreasing of PN and CHL rates during HT of seedlings. In plants of cv. “Minichal” with LHD-25, 50 and 75% were no found significant differences in PH, whereas in cv. “Dafnis” significant differences were determined in plants with LHD-75%, and the significant differences in rates of SFW and RFW were observed in plants of cv. “Dafnis” having LHD-75% for 28 days of recovery at NT condition. Taken together, we concluded that heat stress affected on physiological parameters regardless of tolerance level, and to identify heat tolerant genotype in tomato breeding program, screening and selection genotypes have to be evaluated at the vegetative and reproductive stages with consideration fruit size types. Since we could not find linkage between heat tolerances in seedling stage with fruit set at the reproductive stage and fruit set cannot be used as a general predictor of heat tolerance.

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