scholarly journals A Review of Honeybee Venom Allergens and Allergenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8371
Author(s):  
Marta Burzyńska ◽  
Dorota Piasecka-Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Allergy Diagnosis ◽  
Venom Allergy ◽  
Honeybee Venom ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Positive Results

Honeybee venom is a source of proteins with allergenic properties which can result in in various symptoms, ranging from local reactions through to systematic life-threatening anaphylaxis, or even death. According to the World Allergy Organization (WAO), honeybee venom allergy is one of the most common causes of anaphylaxis. Among the proteins present in honeybee venom, 12 protein fractions were registered by the World Health Organization’s Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee (WHO/IUIS) as allergenic. Most of them are highly immunogenic glycoproteins that cross-react with IgE and, as a consequence, may give false positive results in allergy diagnosis. Allergenic fractions are different in terms of molecular weight and biological activity. Eight of these allergenic fractions have also been identified in honey. This explains frequent adverse reactions after consuming honey in people allergic to venom and sheds new light on the causes of allergic symptoms in some individuals after honey consumption. At the same time, it also indicates the possibility of using honey as a natural source of allergen in specific immunotherapy.

Comparativa de modelos multivariados basados en aprendizaje automático para la predicción del riesgo de diabetes en etapas tempranas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zayra Ramírez Gaytán
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Decision Tree Algorithm ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Logistic Regression Algorithm ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing, life-threatening, chronic degenerative diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it has affected 422 million people worldwide in 2018. Approximately 50% of all people who suffer diabetes are not diagnosed due to the asymptomatic phase which usually lasts a long time. In this work, a data set of 520 instances has been used. The data set has been analyzed with the next three algorithms: logistic regression algorithm, decision trees and random forest. The results show that the decision tree algorithm had better performance with an AUC of 98%. Also, it was found the most common symptoms that a person with a risk of diabetes presents are polyuria, polydipsia and sudden weight loss.

scholarly journals COVID-19- or Tramadol-induced Seizure: A Differential Diagnosis in Young People

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 32009.1-32009.2
Author(s):  
Solmaz Nekoueifard ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Majidi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first declared in December 2019 from Wuhan, China [1, 2]. It then has been reported a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization [3]. Clinical features of COVID-19 are different from asymptomatic to mild to moderate symptoms, such as fever, headache, myalgia, sore throat, anosmia, cough, fatigue headache, hemoptysis, and dyspnea to the life-threatening complications, including shock, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, acute kidney injury, multi-organ failure, and even death [1, 2].

The Effect Of Fe Tablet Consumption On Hemoglobin (Hb) Increase In Pregnant Women: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Admin midwiferia ◽  
Pratiwi Cahya Skania ◽  
Djaswadi Dasuki ◽  
Fitriana Siswi Utami
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Selection Of

Anemia is still a problem in developing countries. The World Health Organization states that there are still more than 50 percent of women in the world suffering from anemia. anemia can cause life-threatening bleeding, miscarriage, low birth weight and premature birth. WHO defines anemia as a condition where the hemoglobin level is less than 11 mg / dL in the first and last trimester or 10.5 mg / dL in the second trimester or the hematocrit level is less than 37 percent. The study aim to determine the effect of Fe tablets consumption on hemoglobin (Hb) level increase in pregnant women and to find out the factors related to the compliance of pregnant women taking Fe tablets.  This Systematic Literature Publication and Science uses databases with the period 2008-2018. The selection of articles was based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Appraisal study employed The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Taking Fe tablets is very influential in increasing levels of Hb in pregnant women who suffer from anemia. Effective iron supplements to reduce anemia in pregnancy. Support from family and closest people has an important role in increasing adherence to taking Fe tablets.

School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Lauren McNickle ◽  
Robert P. Olympia
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization

School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated “hot topic” infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases.

scholarly journals A Working Hypothesis Regarding Identical Pathomechanisms between Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Reaction of Clozapine via the Activation of Connexin43

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Okada ◽  
Kouji Fukuyama ◽  
Takashi Shiroyama ◽  
Masahiko Murata
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Antipsychotic Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Global Database ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Adverse Reactions

Clozapine (CLZ) is an approved antipsychotic agent for the medication of treatment-resistant schizophrenia but is also well known as one of the most toxic antipsychotics. Recently, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global database (VigiBase) reported the relative lethality of severe adverse reactions of CLZ. Agranulocytosis is the most famous adverse CLZ reaction but is of lesser lethality compared with the other adverse drug reactions of CLZ. Unexpectedly, VigiBase indicated that the prevalence and relative lethality of pneumonia, cardiotoxicity, and seizures associated with CLZ were more serious than that of agranulocytosis. Therefore, haematological monitoring in CLZ patients monitoring system provided success in the prevention of lethal adverse events from CLZ-induced agranulocytosis. Hereafter, psychiatrists must amend the CLZ patients monitoring system to protect patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia from severe adverse CLZ reactions, such as pneumonia, cardiotoxicity, and seizures, according to the clinical evidence and pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of clinical efficacy and the adverse reactions of CLZ based on the accumulating pharmacodynamic findings of CLZ, including tripartite synaptic transmission, and we propose suggestions for amending the monitoring and medication of adverse CLZ reactions associated with pneumonia, cardiotoxicity, and seizures.

scholarly journals Could it be Quetiapine-induced Peripartum Cardiomyopathy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaler ◽  
Rameen Shakur ◽  
Hazel I Learner ◽  
Andrew Deaner ◽  
Richard J Howard
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Health Organization

Peri-partum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare and life threatening complication of pregnancy. There are only two cases registered with the World Health Organization of cases of cardiomyopathy in patients taking Quetiapine. Here we discuss an interesting case of potential Quetiapine induced cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals An overview of the worldwide master key for pharmacovigilance and its role in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Janmejay Pant ◽  
Harneet Marwah ◽  
Ripudaman M Singh ◽  
Subhajit Hazra
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Marketing Authorisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Uppsala Monitoring

Introduction: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is defined as the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and related conditions. Methods: In the 1970s, several significant cases of ADR aided the advancement of the discipline. Between 1989 and 2004, several attempts were made to implement such a program in India, but the scheme was eventually launched in 2010 and is now operating successfully and producing positive results. Results: The pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) contributed different data to the World Health Organization (WHO) Uppsala Monitoring Center (UMC) based on the data gathered from this process. Indian regulatory have sent several alerts to stakeholders and provided the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) with several recommendations. CDSCO has since advised Marketing Authorisation Holders (MAHs) to follow the same guidelines and has amended the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Regulations to reflect this. Conclusions: The time has come for Indian regulatory authorities to take the required action based on data generated in our country rather than data generated in several other countries.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance. Scale and Relevance of Studies of the Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates Circulation among Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207
Author(s):  
I. I. Fohel ◽  
◽  
M. V. Kryvtsova ◽  
Y. Y. Bugir
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

Over the last decade, the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms has become a global problem for modern medicine around the world. Bacteria quickly acquire genes of resistance to the action of the antibiotics. Bacterial infections that used to be easy to treat, now, in some cases, can even be life-threatening. Resistant microorganisms pose a danger not only among the adult population but also among the pediatric population. According to the World Health Organization, up to 200,000 newborns die each year from infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Premature babies are at particular risk because their immune systems are still underdeveloped. The use of antibiotics in children should be reasonably approached, as recent studies have shown an increase of the spread of bacteria with resistance genes. Infections caused by resistant microorganisms are more difficult to treat and require special methods and approaches, especially for children, where the choice of antibiotics is already limited. The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature for the current state of the problem of antibiotic resistance, prospects for future development, relevance in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. The research materials are publications of national and foreign authors. Analytical methods were used as main research methods. This article considers the problem of antibiotic resistance, general mechanisms of its formation, research data on the prevalence of circulation of resistant strains in the pediatric population and their role in the initiation of resistant bacterial infections. Conclusion. It is concluded that bacteria insensitive to antibiotics are quite common among the pediatric population and in some cases are life-threatening. This phenomenon requires constant monitoring in order to detect and correctly treat persistent bacterial infections. There are many strains resistant to first- and second-generation antibiotics circulating in children. In some cases, the treatment of certain conditions in pediatrics may lead to the use of reserve antibiotics. Systemic coordinated work around the world and an individual approach in determining the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics in each case can prevent the rapid acquisition of resistance genes by bacteria. It is also necessary to spread information about the threat of antibiotic resistance in order to raise public awareness and counteract the empirical use of antibiotics at home without a prescription. There is also an urgent need to invent new chemical compounds with bactericidal properties as soon as possible

Oral food challenges in clinical practice: a missing element of food allergy diagnosis in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Daria M. Levina ◽  
Ilya A. Korsunskiy ◽  
Daniel B. Munblit
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Food Challenge ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Allergy Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Food Challenges ◽  
Food Allergy Diagnosis

Food allergy is one of the most prevalent allergic conditions, causing reduction in patient quality of life. It is linked with high levels of anxiety due to potential life-threatening reactions, and high economic burden for a healthcare system. Food allergy affects approximately 5 to 10% of children around the world. In Russian Federation the diagnosis of food allergy is primarily based on clinical history, laboratory test results, examination and elimination of suspected food. Meanwhile oral food challenge (OFC) is considered a gold standard of food allergy diagnosis by most of professional bodies nationally and internationally. OFC is a diagnostic procedure involving administration of a causative allergen in gradually increasing amount under a close medical supervision. The method is safe, highly specific and sensitive and is widely used around the world for more than 45 years. The main goals of OFC include food allergy diagnosis and presence of tolerance evaluation, which may result in diet expansion. OFC may also help establishing both, reaction severity and dose needed to elicit reaction, which may further assist with alleviation of patients anxiety. In this paper we discuss existing approaches to the diagnosis of food allergy in Russian Federation and review available recommendations on OFC outlined in international guidelines.

scholarly journals Analysis of Thrombotic Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 AstraZeneca Vaccine Reported to EudraVigilance Database

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Mansour Tobaiqy ◽  
Hajer Elkout ◽  
Katie MacLure
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Spontaneous Reports ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee ◽  
Assessment Committee

The development of safe, effective, affordable vaccines against COVID-19 remains the cornerstone to mitigating this pandemic. Early in December 2020, multiple research groups had designed potential vaccines. From 11 March 2021, several European countries temporarily suspended the use of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine amid reports of blood clot events and the death of a vaccinated person, despite the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the World Health Organization’s assurance that there was no indication that vaccination was linked. This study aimed to identify and analyse the thrombotic adverse reactions associated with the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine. This was a retrospective descriptive study using spontaneous reports submitted to the EudraVigilance database in the period from 17 February to 12 March 2021. There were 54,571 adverse reaction reports, of which 28 were associated with thrombotic adverse reactions. Three fatalities were related to pulmonary embolism; one fatality to thrombosis. With 17 million people having had the AstraZeneca vaccine, these are extremely rare events The EMA’s Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (18 March 2021) concluded that the vaccine was safe, effective and the benefits outweighed the risks. Conducting further analyses based on more detailed thrombotic adverse event reports, including patients’ characteristics and comorbidities, may enable assessment of the causality with higher specificity.

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