scholarly journals Impaired Innate Immunity in Pediatric Patients Type 1 Diabetes—Focus on Toll-like Receptors Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12135
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kurianowicz ◽  
Maria Klatka ◽  
Agnieszka Polak ◽  
Anna Hymos ◽  
Dominika Bębnowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes

Type 1 diabetes (DM1) is classified as an autoimmune disease. An uncontrolled response of B and T lymphocytes to the body’s own tissues develops in the absence of immune tolerance. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the duration of type 1 diabetes in children on the expression of TLR receptors and the relationship with the parameters of glycemic control in patients. As a result, we showed significant differences in the level of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression in patients with DM1 in the early stage of the disease and treated chronically compared to the healthy group. Additionally, in this study, we found that the numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and NK cells are different for newly diagnosed DM1 individuals, patients receiving chronic treatment and for healthy controls, indicating an important role of these cells in killing pancreatic beta cells. Moreover, higher levels of IL-10 in patients with newly diagnosed DM1 have also been found, confirming the reports found in the literature.

The role of myokines in the development of insulin resistance in children, with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
O. Ye. Pashkova ◽  
N. I. Chudova ◽  
O. S. Litvinenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Control Group

The aim — to study the role of myokines in the development of insulin resistance in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.Materials and methods. Observations involved 68 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1), with the mean age 11 to 17 years. Depending on the glycemic controllevel, patients were divided into 3 research groups. The control group consisted of 20 relatively healthy children. Muscle mass, the skeletal muscles index, fat mass and the percentage of fat in the bodywere determined in all patients. The Lovett’s test was used to assess the loss of muscle strength; evaluation of insulin resistance was made based onthe triglyceride­glucose index (TYG). Levels of myostatin, irisin, interleukins ­6 and ­13were measured in blood serum.Results and discussion. It has been established that with deterioration in the level of glycemic controlin DM 1 children, the component redistribution of body composition took place with an increased fat mass proportionand decreased muscle mass. This resulted in the reduced insulin-mediatedabsorption of glucose, that was confirmed by the significant increase in TYG level compared to control group. The analysis of cytokines in the blood serum showed a significant increase in the level of myostatin and interleukin­6 compared with the control group and the tendency to increased levels of the interleukins ­13 and the level of irisin in the blood serum in pediatric patients with DM 1. The increased levels of myostatin in DM 1childrenassociated with an increase in the triglycerides content (r = 0.44, p < 0.05) and raised TYG index (r = 0.33, p < 0.05), testifying theclose correlation between the high myostatin levels and the development of insulin resistance.Conclusions. In children with diabetes mellitus, the reduction of muscle strength and muscle mass take place with a deterioration in the state of glycemic control, accompanying by the development of insulin resistance. The violation of myokines synthesis,along with the chronic hyperglycemia and diabetic myopathy, plays the leading role in the formation of insulin resistance in pediatric patients with DM 1. It is manifested by the increased production of myostatin and interleukin­6 in the absence of activation of irisin and interleukin­13synthesis.

High Prevalence of Skin Reactions Among Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Using New Technologies: The Alarming Role of Colophonium

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortunato Lombardo ◽  
Stefano Passanisi ◽  
Lucia Caminiti ◽  
Andrea Barbalace ◽  
Alessandra Marino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Hemoglobin A1c Trajectory in Pediatric Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Prahalad ◽  
Jaden Yang ◽  
David Scheinker ◽  
Manisha Desai ◽  
Korey Hood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

Neutralizing Ljungan virus antibodies in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Lundstig ◽  
Sharia L. McDonald ◽  
Marlena Maziarz ◽  
William C. Weldon ◽  
Fariba Vaziri-Sani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ljungan Virus ◽  
Islet Antigen ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Ljungan virus (LV), a Parechovirus of the Picornavirus family, first isolated from a bank vole at the Ljungan river in Sweden, has been implicated in the risk for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. An assay for neutralizing Ljungan virus antibodies (NLVA) was developed using the original 87–012 LV isolate. The goal was to determine NLVA titres in incident 0–18 years old newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients (n=67) and school children controls (n=292) from Jämtland county in Sweden. NLVA were found in 41 of 67 (61 %) patients compared to 127 of 292 (44 %) controls (P=0.009). In the type 1 diabetes patients, NLVA titres were associated with autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) (P=0.023), but not to autoantibodies against insulin (IAA) or islet antigen-2 (IA-2A). The NLVA assay should prove useful for further investigations to determine levels of LV antibodies in patients and future studies to determine a possible role of LV in autoimmune type 1 diabetes.

Why Is a New Trial Required to Define the Role of Insulin Reserve in Newly Diagnosed Adult Type 1 Diabetes?

2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (06) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Linn ◽  
M. Mann ◽  
M. Mann ◽  
R. Boedeker ◽  
R. Bretzel
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Adult Type

scholarly journals New Insights Into the Role of Autoreactive CD8 T Cells and Cytokines in Human Type 1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bender ◽  
Sakthi Rajendran ◽  
Matthias G. von Herrath
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Human Type 1 Diabetes

Since the establishment of the network for pancreatic organ donors with diabetes (nPOD), we have gained unprecedented insight into the pathology of human type 1 diabetes. Many of the pre-existing “dogmas”, mostly derived from studies of animal models and sometimes limited human samples, have to be revised now. For example, we have learned that autoreactive CD8 T cells are present even in healthy individuals within the exocrine pancreas. Furthermore, their “attraction” to islets probably relies on beta-cell intrinsic events, such as the over-expression of MHC class I and resulting presentation of autoantigens such as (prepro)insulin. In addition, we are discovering other signs of beta-cell dysfunction, possibly at least in part due to stress, such as the over-expression of certain cytokines. This review summarizes the latest developments focusing on cytokines and autoreactive CD8 T cells in human type 1 diabetes pathogenesis.

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