Why Is a New Trial Required to Define the Role of Insulin Reserve in Newly Diagnosed Adult Type 1 Diabetes?

Ljungan virus (LV), a Parechovirus of the Picornavirus family, first isolated from a bank vole at the Ljungan river in Sweden, has been implicated in the risk for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. An assay for neutralizing Ljungan virus antibodies (NLVA) was developed using the original 87–012 LV isolate. The goal was to determine NLVA titres in incident 0–18 years old newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients (n=67) and school children controls (n=292) from Jämtland county in Sweden. NLVA were found in 41 of 67 (61 %) patients compared to 127 of 292 (44 %) controls (P=0.009). In the type 1 diabetes patients, NLVA titres were associated with autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) (P=0.023), but not to autoantibodies against insulin (IAA) or islet antigen-2 (IA-2A). The NLVA assay should prove useful for further investigations to determine levels of LV antibodies in patients and future studies to determine a possible role of LV in autoimmune type 1 diabetes.

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Impaired Innate Immunity in Pediatric Patients Type 1 Diabetes—Focus on Toll-like Receptors Expression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222212135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (22) ◽

pp. 12135

Author(s):

Katarzyna Kurianowicz ◽

Maria Klatka ◽

Agnieszka Polak ◽

Anna Hymos ◽

Dominika Bębnowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cells ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Early Stage ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

The Relationship ◽

B And T Lymphocytes

Type 1 diabetes (DM1) is classified as an autoimmune disease. An uncontrolled response of B and T lymphocytes to the body’s own tissues develops in the absence of immune tolerance. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the duration of type 1 diabetes in children on the expression of TLR receptors and the relationship with the parameters of glycemic control in patients. As a result, we showed significant differences in the level of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression in patients with DM1 in the early stage of the disease and treated chronically compared to the healthy group. Additionally, in this study, we found that the numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and NK cells are different for newly diagnosed DM1 individuals, patients receiving chronic treatment and for healthy controls, indicating an important role of these cells in killing pancreatic beta cells. Moreover, higher levels of IL-10 in patients with newly diagnosed DM1 have also been found, confirming the reports found in the literature.

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Association of T cell reactivity with diapep277 interventional treatement in newly diagnosed paediatric and adult type 1 diabetes patients

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel ◽

10.1055/s-0030-1253852 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

NC Schloot ◽

C Pfleger

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

T Cell ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Cell Reactivity ◽

Adult Type ◽

T Cell Reactivity ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Overweight and obesity in type 1 diabetes is not associated with higher ghrelin concentrations

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome ◽

10.1186/s13098-021-00699-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Behiye Özcan ◽

Patric J. D. Delhanty ◽

Martin Huisman ◽

Jenny A. Visser ◽

Sebastian J. Neggers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Composition ◽

Positive Association ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Adult Type ◽

Overweight Adult

Abstract Background Several studies have demonstrated suppressed levels of acylated (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the role of these hormones in type 1 diabetes has not been extensively studied. This study assessed the relationship between AG and UAG levels and body composition in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods We selected eighteen patients with type 1 diabetes and divided them into two groups: non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Demographics, parameters of body composition and serum parameters including AG and UAG, were assessed. Results The patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were older and had a longer duration of diabetes. AG and UAG levels were not significantly different between non-obese and overweight groups (mean AG non-obese ± SD: 44.5 ± 29.4 pg/ml and mean UAG non-obese 42.4 ± 20.7 pg/ml vs mean AG overweight ± SD: 46.1 ± 29.6 pg/ml and mean UAG overweight 47.2 ± 18.2 pg/ml). AG/UAG ratios did not discriminate between these groups. There was a positive association of insuline dose/kg bodyweight with BMI (r2 = 0.45, p = 0.002). Conclusions Surprisingly, unlike non-diabetics and in T2D, we did not observe a difference in plasma levels of AG and UAG between normal weight and overweight adult type 1 diabetics. However, we did observe a positive correlation between BMI and insuline dose/kg bodyweight, suggesting that exogenous insulin is more important than the ghrelin system in the development of obesity in type 1 diabetes.

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