scholarly journals Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and Their Use in Obesity Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12754
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Xuexun Fang ◽  
Dahai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity Drugs

Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has recently emerged as an effective alternative to oral and injection administration because of its less invasiveness, low rejection rate, and excellent ease of administration. TDD has made an important contribution to medical practice such as diabetes, hemorrhoids, arthritis, migraine, and schizophrenia treatment, but has yet to fully achieve its potential in the treatment of obesity. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and posed a significant threat to human health. Various approaches, including oral and injection administration have widely been used in clinical setting for obesity treatment. However, these traditional options remain ineffective and inconvenient, and carry risks of adverse effects. Therefore, alternative and advanced drug delivery strategies with higher efficacy and less toxicity such as TDD are urgently required for obesity treatment. This review summarizes current TDD technology, and the main anti-obesity drug delivery system. This review also provides insights into various anti-obesity drugs under study with a focus on the recent developments of TDD system for enhanced anti-obesity drug delivery. Although most of presented studies stay in animal stage, the application of TDD in anti-obesity drugs would have a significant impact on bringing safe and effective therapies to obese patients in the future.

Virtue of Nanotechnology in Confronting Obesity: Recent Advances

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jashanpreet Singh Sandhu ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Meenakshi Dhanawat
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Western World ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Health Complications

Background: Obesity has been a serious health issue over the last decades both in the affluent western world and developing countries. Obesity is linked with major health complications such as diabetes, cardiac disorder, cancer, hypertension, sleep apnoea, etc. Available treatments such as bariatric surgery and pharmacotherapy are often accompanied by adverse side effects and poor patient compliance. Nanotechnology is a discipline that is concerned with material characteristics at nanoscale, and offers novel techniques for disease detection, management, and prevention. Objectives: Recent progress in the field of obesity research at its interface with nanotechnology is our focus. Nanomedicine has greatly enhanced the health status of the people suffering from obesity as it provides non-obtrusive techniques for the management and treatment of obesity. Methods: Literature survey was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science search engines with- terms nanotechnology, nanomedicine and obesity. The research was focused primarily on articles published between the years 2000 and 2019. Results: We have described original and innovative approaches in developments of nano-technology based drug delivery strategies. Nanotechnology has been widely proposed to combine herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity, because nano-structured systems might be able to potentiate the action of plant extracts, reducing the required dose and side effects, and improving activity. This will offer a wide era of treatment options which will directly improve the patient’s compliance. Conclusion: This review surveys recent developments of nanotechnology‐based drug delivery strategies are highlighted, and discussed for obesity treatment with an emphasis on the enhanced therapeutic efficiency and minimized side effects. The insights for future development related to the management of obesity are also discussed.

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and their Potential in Alzheimer’s Disease Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panoraia I. Siafaka ◽  
Ece Ö. Bülbül ◽  
Gökce Mutlu ◽  
Mehmet E. Okur ◽  
Ioannis D. Karantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Transdermal Administration ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Alzheimer's disease is a neuropathological disease with symptoms such as language problems, confusion as to place or time, loss of interest in activities, which were previously enjoyed, behavioral changes, and memory loss. Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia affect almost 46.8 million people globally and are estimated to strike about 131.5 million people in 2050. It has been reported that Alzheimer's is the sixth main cause of mortality. The most used drugs, which are currently approved by the Food, and Drug Administration for Alzheimer’s disease are donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, and the combination of donepezil and memantine. However, most of the drugs present various adverse effects. Recently, the transdermal drug delivery route has gained increasing attention as an emerging tool for Alzheimer's disease management. Besides, transdermal drug delivery systems seem to provide hope for the management of various diseases, due to the advantages that they offer in comparison with oral dosage forms. Herein, the current advancements in transdermal studies with potent features to achieve better Alzheimer's disease management are presented. Many researchers have shown that the transdermal systems provide higher efficiency since the first-pass hepatic metabolism effect can be avoided and a prolonged drug release rate can be achieved. In summary, the transdermal administration of Alzheimer's drugs is an interesting and promising topic, which should be further elaborated and studied.

Functionally Tailored Electro-Sensitive Poly(Acrylamide)-g-Pectin Copolymer Hydrogel for Transdermal Drug Delivery Application: Synthesis, Characterization, In-vitro and Ex-vivo Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-196
Author(s):  
Sudha B. Patil ◽  
Syed Z. Inamdar ◽  
Kakarla R. Reddy ◽  
Anjanapura V. Raghu ◽  
Krishnamachari G. Akamanchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Electric Signal ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Copolymer Hydrogel ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Background and Objectives: To develop electro-sensitive transdermal drug delivery systems (ETDDS) using polyacrylamide-grafted-pectin (PAAm-g-PCT) copolymer hydrogel for rivastigmine delivery. Methods: Free radical polymerization and alkaline hydrolysis technique was employed to synthesize PAAm-g-PCT copolymer hydrogel. The PAAm-g-PCT copolymeric hydrogel was used as a reservoir and cross-linked blend films of PCT and poly(vinyl alcohol) as rate-controlling membranes (RCMs) to prepare ETDDS. Results: The pH of the hydrogel reservoir was found to be in the range of 6.81 to 6.93 and drug content was 89.05 to 96.29%. The thickness of RCMs was in the range of 51 to 99 μ and RCMs showed permeability behavior against water vapors. There was a reduction in the water vapor transmission rate as the glutaraldehyde (GA) concentration was increased. The drug permeation rate from the ETDDS was enhanced under the influence of electric stimulus against the absence of an electric stimulus. The increase in flux by 1.5 fold was recorded with applied electric stimulus. The reduction in drug permeability observed when the concentration of GA was increased. Whereas, the permeability of the drug was augmented as an electric current was changed from 2 to 8 mA. The pulsatile drug release under “on– off” cycle of electric stimulus witnessed a faster drug release under ‘on’ condition and it was slow under ‘off’ condition. The alteration in skin composition after electrical stimulation was confirmed through histopathology studies. Conclusion: The PAAm-g-PCT copolymer hydrogel is a useful carrier for transdermal drug delivery activated by an electric signal to provide on-demand release of rivastigmine.

Electrically Triggered Transdermal Drug Delivery Utilizing Poly(Acrylamide)-graft-Guar Gum: Synthesis, Characterization and Formulation Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra P. Birajdar ◽  
Sudha S. Patil ◽  
Vijaykumar V. Alange ◽  
Raghavendra V. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Neutralization Equivalent ◽  
Electric Stimulus ◽  
Drug Permeation ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Objective: The study aimed to prepare electrically-triggered transdermal drug delivery systems (ETDS) using electrically responsive polyacrylamide-graft-gaur gum (PAAm-g-GaG) copolymer. Methods: The PAAm-g-GaG copolymer was synthesized by adopting free radical polymerization grafting method. This PAAm-g-GaG copolymer hydrogel acts as a drug reservoir and blend films of Guar Gum (GaG) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) were included as Rate Controlling Membranes (RCM) in the system. The PAAm-g-GaG copolymer was characterized by FTIR, neutralization equivalent values, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Results: On the basis of results obtained, it is implicit that the drug permeation decreased with an increase in the concentration of glutaraldehyde and RCM thickness; while drug permeation rate was increased with increasing applied electric current strength from 2 to 8 mA. A two fold increase in flux values was observed with the application of DC electric current. An increase in drug permeation was witnessed under on condition of electric stimulus and permeation was decreased when electric stimulus was "off". The skin histopathology study confirmed the changes in skin structure when electrical stimulus was applied. Conclusion: The electrically-sensitive PAAm-g-GaG copolymer is a useful biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery application.

scholarly journals Enhancement strategies for transdermal drug delivery systems: current trends and applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delly Ramadon ◽  
Maeliosa T. C. McCrudden ◽  
Aaron J. Courtenay ◽  
Ryan F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery systems have become an intriguing research topic in pharmaceutical technology area and one of the most frequently developed pharmaceutical products in global market. The use of these systems can overcome associated drawbacks of other delivery routes, such as oral and parenteral. The authors will review current trends, and future applications of transdermal technologies, with specific focus on providing a comprehensive understanding of transdermal drug delivery systems and enhancement strategies. This article will initially discuss each transdermal enhancement method used in the development of first-generation transdermal products. These methods include drug/vehicle interactions, vesicles and particles, stratum corneum modification, energy-driven methods and stratum corneum bypassing techniques. Through suitable design and implementation of active stratum corneum bypassing methods, notably microneedle technology, transdermal delivery systems have been shown to deliver both low and high molecular weight drugs. Microneedle technology platforms have proven themselves to be more versatile than other transdermal systems with opportunities for intradermal delivery of drugs/biotherapeutics and therapeutic drug monitoring. These have shown that microneedles have been a prospective strategy for improving transdermal delivery systems. Graphical abstract

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