scholarly journals Rho-Kinase as a Target for Cancer Therapy and Its Immunotherapeutic Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12916
Author(s):  
Seohyun Kim ◽  
Seong A. Kim ◽  
Jihoon Han ◽  
In-San Kim
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Cell Progression ◽  
Enhance Tumor Cell

Cancer immunotherapy is fast rising as a prominent new pillar of cancer treatment, harnessing the immune system to fight against numerous types of cancer. Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway is involved in diverse cellular activities, and is therefore the target of interest in various diseases at the cellular level including cancer. Indeed, ROCK is well-known for its involvement in the tumor cell and tumor microenvironment, especially in its ability to enhance tumor cell progression, migration, metastasis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Importantly, ROCK is also considered to be a novel and effective modulator of immune cells, although further studies are needed. In this review article, we describe the various activities of ROCK and its potential to be utilized in cancer treatment, particularly in cancer immunotherapy, by shining a light on its activities in the immune system.

Application of Nanocomposites in Cancer Immunotherapy

Nano LIFE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1750008
Author(s):  
Wenhan Liu ◽  
Zejun Wang ◽  
Yao Luo ◽  
Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clinical Advances ◽  
Review Current

Despite the clinical advances in oncology, cancer is still the major cause of death worldwide. Recent research demonstrates that the immune system plays a critical role in preventing tumor occurrence and development. The focus on cancer treatment has been shifted from directly targeting the tumor cells to motivating the immune system to achieve this goal. However, the activity of immune system is often suppressed in cancer patients. To boost the anti-tumor immunity against cancers, various nanocomposites have been developed to enhance the efficacy of immunostimulatory agents. Here, we review current advances in nanomaterial-mediated immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer, with an emphasis on applications of nanocomposites as immunoadjuvants in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Tumor Cell–Driven Extracellular Matrix Remodeling Drives Haptotaxis during Metastatic Progression

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine J. Oudin ◽  
Oliver Jonas ◽  
Tatsiana Kosciuk ◽  
Liliane C. Broye ◽  
Bruna C. Guido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Metastatic Progression

Iron oxide nanoparticles for immune cell labeling and cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Chung ◽  
Richard Revia ◽  
Miqin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Integral Process

Cancer immunotherapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment that leverages components of the immune system as opposed to chemotherapeutics or radiation. Cell migration is an integral process in a...

scholarly journals Tackling Resistance to Cancer Immunotherapy: What Do We Know?

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4096
Author(s):  
Soehartati A. Gondhowiardjo ◽  
Handoko ◽  
Vito Filbert Jayalie ◽  
Riyan Apriantoni ◽  
Andreas Ronald Barata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Conventional Surgery ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Conventional Cancer Treatment ◽  
Combinatorial Treatment

Cancer treatment has evolved tremendously in the last few decades. Immunotherapy has been considered to be the forth pillar in cancer treatment in addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Though immunotherapy has resulted in impressive response, it is generally limited to a small subset of patients. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance toward cancer immunotherapy may shed new light to counter that resistance. In this review, we highlighted and summarized two major hurdles (recognition and attack) of cancer elimination by the immune system. The mechanisms of failure of some available immunotherapy strategies were also described. Moreover, the significance role of immune compartment for various established cancer treatments were also elucidated in this review. Then, the mechanisms of combinatorial treatment of various conventional cancer treatment with immunotherapy were discussed. Finally, a strategy to improve immune cancer killing by characterizing cancer immune landscape, then devising treatment based on that cancer immune landscape was put forward.

scholarly journals A Review on Cancer Immunotherapy and Applications of Nanotechnology to Chemoimmunotherapy of Different Cancers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3382
Author(s):  
Safiye Akkın ◽  
Gamze Varan ◽  
Erem Bilensoy
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
System Response ◽  
Antitumoral Effect ◽  
Immune System Response

Clinically, different approaches are adopted worldwide for the treatment of cancer, which still ranks second among all causes of death. Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has been the focus of attention in recent years, aiming for an eventual antitumoral effect through the immune system response to cancer cells both prophylactically and therapeutically. The application of nanoparticulate delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy, which is defined as the use of immune system features in cancer treatment, is currently the focus of research. Nanomedicines and nanoparticulate macromolecule delivery for cancer therapy is believed to facilitate selective cytotoxicity based on passive or active targeting to tumors resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects. Today, with more than 55 different nanomedicines in the market, it is possible to provide more effective cancer diagnosis and treatment by using nanotechnology. Cancer immunotherapy uses the body’s immune system to respond to cancer cells; however, this may lead to increased immune response and immunogenicity. Selectivity and targeting to cancer cells and tumors may lead the way to safer immunotherapy and nanotechnology-based delivery approaches that can help achieve the desired success in cancer treatment.

Rho-kinase inhibition attenuates airway responsiveness, inflammation, matrix remodeling, and oxidative stress activation induced by chronic inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (11) ◽  
pp. L939-L952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Souza Possa ◽  
Homar Toledo Charafeddine ◽  
Renato Fraga Righetti ◽  
Patricia Angeli da Silva ◽  
Rafael Almeida-Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Activation

Several studies have demonstrated the importance of Rho-kinase in the modulation of smooth muscle contraction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammation. However, the effects of repeated treatment with a specific inhibitor of this pathway have not been previously investigated. We evaluated the effects of repeated treatment with Y-27632, a highly selective Rho-kinase inhibitor, on airway hyperresponsiveness, oxidative stress activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, eosinophilic inflammation, and cytokine expression in an animal model of chronic airway inflammation. Guinea pigs were subjected to seven ovalbumin or saline exposures. The treatment with Y-27632 (1 mM) started at the fifth inhalation. Seventy-two hours after the seventh inhalation, the animals′ pulmonary mechanics were evaluated, and exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) was collected. The lungs were removed, and histological analysis was performed using morphometry. Treatment with Y-27632 in sensitized animals reduced ENO concentrations, maximal responses of resistance, elastance of the respiratory system, eosinophil counts, collagen and elastic fiber contents, the numbers of cells positive for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, inducible nitric oxide synthase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, transforming growth factor-β, NF-κB, IFN-γ, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α contents compared with the untreated group ( P < 0.05). We observed positive correlations among the functional responses and inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress pathway activation markers evaluated. In conclusion, Rho-kinase pathway activation contributes to the potentiation of the hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, the extracellular matrix remodeling process, and oxidative stress activation. These results suggest that Rho-kinase inhibitors represent potential pharmacological tools for the control of asthma.

The role of DUBs in the post-translational control of cell migration

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Lambies ◽  
Antonio García de Herreros ◽  
Víctor M. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tgfβ Receptors ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Multistep Process

Abstract Cell migration is a multifactorial/multistep process that requires the concerted action of growth and transcriptional factors, motor proteins, extracellular matrix remodeling and proteases. In this review, we focus on the role of transcription factors modulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT-TFs), a fundamental process supporting both physiological and pathological cell migration. These EMT-TFs (Snail1/2, Twist1/2 and Zeb1/2) are labile proteins which should be stabilized to initiate EMT and provide full migratory and invasive properties. We present here a family of enzymes, the deubiquitinases (DUBs) which have a crucial role in counteracting polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of EMT-TFs after their induction by TGFβ, inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia. We also describe the DUBs promoting the stabilization of Smads, TGFβ receptors and other key proteins involved in transduction pathways controlling EMT.

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