scholarly journals The Role of Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Moving beyond Adiponectin

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13529
Author(s):  
Han Na Jung ◽  
Chang Hee Jung
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The global burden of obesity has multiplied owing to its rapidly growing prevalence and obesity-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to the classic role of depositing extra energy, adipose tissue actively interferes with the metabolic balance by means of secreting bioactive compounds called adipokines. While most adipokines give rise to inflammatory conditions, the others with anti-inflammatory properties have been the novel focus of attention for the amelioration of cardiometabolic complications. This review compiles the current evidence on the roles of anti-inflammatory adipokines, namely, adiponectin, vaspin, the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), and omentin-1 on cardiometabolic health. Further investigations on the mechanism of action and prospective human trials may pave the way to their clinical application as innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals METTL14 suppresses pyroptosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy by downregulating TINCR lncRNA

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Meng ◽  
Hui Lin ◽  
Xingxiao Huang ◽  
Jingfan Weng ◽  
Fang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Rna Immunoprecipitation

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most important epigenetic regulation of RNAs, such as lncRNAs. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of m6A in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is very limited. In this study, we sought to define the role of METTL14-mediated m6A modification in pyroptosis and DCM progression. DCM rat model was established and qRT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression of METTL14 and TINCR. Gain-and-loss functional experiments were performed to define the role of METTL14-TINCR-NLRP3 axis in pyroptosis and DCM. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were carried out to verify the underlying interaction. Our results showed that pyroptosis was tightly involved in DCM progression. METTL14 was downregulated in cardiomyocytes and hear tissues of DCM rat tissues. Functionally, METTL14 suppressed pyroptosis and DCM via downregulating lncRNA TINCR, which further decreased the expression of key pyroptosis-related protein, NLRP3. Mechanistically, METTL14 increased m6A methylation level of TINCR gene, resulting in its downregulation. Moreover, the m6A reader protein YTHDF2 was essential for m6A methylation and mediated the degradation of TINCR. Finally, TINCR positively regulated NLRP3 by increasing its mRNA stability. To conclude, our work revealed the novel role of METTL14-mediated m6A methylation and lncRNA regulation in pyroptosis and DCM, which could help extend our understanding the epigenetic regulation of pyroptosis in DCM progression.

scholarly journals Arthritis and the role of endogenous glucocorticoids

Bone Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenie Macfarlane ◽  
Markus J. Seibel ◽  
Hong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Degenerative Joint Disease ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fibroblast Like Synoviocytes

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the most common forms of arthritis, are chronic, painful, and disabling conditions. Although both diseases differ in etiology, they manifest in progressive joint destruction characterized by pathological changes in the articular cartilage, bone, and synovium. While the potent anti-inflammatory properties of therapeutic (i.e., exogenous) glucocorticoids have been heavily researched and are widely used in clinical practice, the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in arthritis susceptibility and disease progression remains poorly understood. Current evidence from mouse models suggests that local endogenous glucocorticoid signaling is upregulated by the pro-inflammatory microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis and by aging-related mechanisms in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, these models indicate that endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in macrophages, mast cells, and chondrocytes has anti-inflammatory effects, while signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, myocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes has pro-inflammatory actions in rheumatoid arthritis. Conversely, in osteoarthritis, endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in both osteoblasts and chondrocytes has destructive actions. Together these studies provide insights into the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory and degenerative joint disease.

scholarly journals Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Martinelli ◽  
Andrea Magnavacca ◽  
Marco Fumagalli ◽  
Mario DellʼAgli ◽  
Stefano Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe use of Cannabis sativa is currently recognized to ease certain types of chronic pain, reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea, and improve anxiety. Nevertheless, few studies highlighted the therapeutic potential of C. sativa extracts and related phytocannabinoids for a variety of widespread skin disorders including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and pain. This review summarized the current evidence on the effects of phytocannabinoids at the cutaneous level through the collection of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies published on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science until October 2020. Phytocannabinoids have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-acne properties by various mechanisms involving either CB1/2-dependent and independent pathways. Not only classical immune cells, but also several skin-specific actors, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and sebocytes, may represent a target for phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, the most investigated compound, revealed photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the cutaneous level, while the possible impact on cell differentiation, especially in the case of psoriasis, would require further investigation. Animal models and pilot clinical studies supported the application of cannabidiol in inflammatory-based skin diseases. Also, one of the most promising applications of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids is the treatment of seborrheic disorders, especially acne. In conclusion, the incomplete knowledge of the role of the endocannabinoid system in skin disorders emerged as an important limit for pharmacological investigations. Moreover, the limited studies conducted on C. sativa extracts suggested a higher potency than single phytocannabinoids, thus stimulating new research on phytocannabinoid interaction.

scholarly journals Dietetics After Spinal Cord Injury: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Farkas ◽  
Alicia Sneij ◽  
David R. Gater
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
High Nutrient

Following spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals are at high risk for obesity and several chronic cardiometabolic disorders due to a deterioration in body composition, hypometabolic rate, and endometabolic dysregulation. Countermeasures to the consequences of an SCI include adopting a healthy diet that provides adequate nutrition to maintain good body habitus and cardiometabolic health. A proper diet for individuals with SCI should distribute carbohydrates, protein, and fat to optimize a lower energy intake requirement and should stress foods with low caloric yet high nutrient density. The purpose of this article is to present available evidence on how nutritional status after SCI should advance future research to further develop SCI-specific guidelines for total energy intake, as it relates to percent carbohydrates, protein, fat, and all vitamins and minerals, that take into consideration the adaptations after SCI.

scholarly journals The Role of Maresins in Inflammatory Pain: Function of Macrophages in Wound Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Min Hwang ◽  
Gehoon Chung ◽  
Yong Ho Kim ◽  
Chul-Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
Macrophage Phenotype ◽  
New Class ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Although acute inflammatory responses are host-protective and generally self-limited, unresolved and delayed resolution of acute inflammation can lead to further tissue damage and chronic inflammation. The mechanism of pain induction under inflammatory conditions has been studied extensively; however, the mechanism of pain resolution is not fully understood. The resolution of inflammation is a biosynthetically active process, involving specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). In particular, maresins (MaRs) are synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by macrophages and have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving capacities as well as tissue regenerating and pain-relieving properties. A new class of macrophage-derived molecules—MaR conjugates in tissue regeneration (MCTRs)—has been reported to regulate phagocytosis and the repair and regeneration of damaged tissue. Macrophages not only participate in the biosynthesis of SPMs, but also play an important role in phagocytosis. They exhibit different phenotypes categorized as proinflammatory M1-like phenotypes and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes that mediate both harmful and protective functions, respectively. However, the signaling mechanisms underlying macrophage functions and phenotypic changes have not yet been fully established. Recent studies report that MaRs help resolve inflammatory pain by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and shifting cytokine release to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Consequently, this review elucidated the characteristics of MaRs and macrophages, focusing on the potent action of MaRs to enhance the M2 macrophage phenotype profiles that possess the ability to alleviate inflammatory pain.

scholarly journals Emerging insights into the relationship between hyperlipidemia and the risk of diabetic retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyu Chou ◽  
Jin Ma ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Yong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Protective Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Established Role

AbstractHyperlipidemia is correlated with a series of health problems. Notably, aside from its established role in promoting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, hyperlipidemia has also been considered for modulating the risk and the severity of multiple metabolic disorders. According to the results of epidemiologic investigations, several certain circulating lipoprotein species are correlated with the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, suggesting that the physiological and pathological role of these lipoproteins is analogous to that observed in cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the lipid-lowering treatments, particularly using statin and fibrate, have been demonstrated to ameliorate diabetic retinopathy. Thereby, current focus is shifting towards implementing the protective strategies of diabetic retinopathy and elucidating the potential underlying mechanisms. However, it is worth noting that the relationship between major serum cholesterol species and the development of diabetic retinopathy, published by other studies, was inconsistent and overall modest, revealing the relationship is still not clarified. In this review, the current understanding of hyperlipidemia in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy was summarized and the novel insights into the potential mechanisms whereby hyperlipidemia modulates diabetic retinopathy were put forward.

The physiologic anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory role of heparins and their utility in the prevention of pregnancy complications

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (06) ◽  
pp. 1236-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia ◽  
Moshe Mazor ◽  
Gershon Holcberg ◽  
Elad Leron ◽  
Ofer Beharier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Recurrent Abortions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Prelabor Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Physiologic Role

SummaryAccumulating evidence supports the concept of increased thrombin generation, placental vascular lesions, and inflammation as crucial points in the development of the great obstetrical syndromes [preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm labor (PTL), preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), fetal demise and recurrent abortions]. In light of this, the role of heparins for primary or secondary prevention of these syndromes is becoming more and more apparent, mainly due to the antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects of heparins. There is agreement regarding the use of heparin in the prevention of gestational complications in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, while its use for other obstetrical complications is under debate. In the present review we will describe the physiologic role of heparins on coagulation and inflammation and we will discuss current evidence regarding the use of heparins for the prevention/ treatment of obstetrical syndromes.

scholarly journals The Targeted Impact of Flavones on Obesity-Induced Inflammation and the Potential Synergistic Role in Cancer and the Gut Microbiota

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Sudhakaran ◽  
Andrea I. Doseff
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Remodeling

Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world’s total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte–macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.

Hepatic Encephalopathy Aggravated by Systemic Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Manzhalii ◽  
Oleksandr Virchenko ◽  
Tetyana Falalyeyeva ◽  
Valentyna Moiseienko ◽  
Taras Nykula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Cytokine Pattern ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

Background: The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is only partially understood. Beside ammonia accumulation in brain, a proinflammatory component has been suggested as precipitating event. Objectives: To evaluate the role of cytokines in cirrhosis for development of HE. Methods: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles were determined in rats with CCL4-induced cirrhosis and HE as well as in patients with cirrhosis either due to metabolic disorders or chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with various grades of concomitant HE and depression. Results: In the rat model and human cirrhosis a proinflammatory cytokine pattern (elevation of interferon gamma, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6) was registered which in humans correlated to the degree of HE and depression. The most prominent elevation of proinflammatory cytokines was observed in chronic HCV as an additional inflammatory stimulus. In all cases of cirrhosis a comparable background activation of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4) was detected which was interpreted as a physiologic counterbalance mechanism. Conclusions: The degree of HE and depression correlated with a proinflammatory cytokine pattern. It suggests that beside ammonia elevation, inflammatory cytokines determine occurrence and severity of hepatic encephalopathies. Thus, it can be defined a preferential therapeutic target.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document