scholarly journals Regulatory Peptides in Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13656
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaczyńska ◽  
Dominika Zając ◽  
Piotr Wojciechowski ◽  
Monika Jampolska
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Peptide Receptors ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

Numerous regulatory peptides play a critical role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation, airflow obstruction and hyperresponsiveness, which are hallmarks of asthma. Some of them exacerbate asthma symptoms, such as neuropeptide Y and tachykinins, while others have ameliorating properties, such as nociception, neurotensin or β-defensin 2. Interacting with peptide receptors located in the lungs or on immune cells opens up new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of asthma, especially when it is resistant to available therapies. This article provides a concise review of the most important and current findings regarding the involvement of regulatory peptides in asthma pathology.

scholarly journals The Aftermath of Bronchoconstriction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. O'Sullivan ◽  
Bo Lan
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Mechanical Effect ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
New Evidence

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and excessive constriction of the airway. Detailed investigation exploring inflammation and the role of immune cells has revealed a variety of possible mechanisms by which chronic inflammation drives asthma development. However, the underlying mechanisms of asthma pathogenesis still remain poorly understood. New evidence now suggests that mechanical stimuli that arise during bronchoconstriction may play a critical role in asthma development. In this article, we review the mechanical effect of bronchoconstriction and how these mechanical stresses contribute to airway remodeling independent of inflammation.

scholarly journals The Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment in the Response to Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney B. Johnson ◽  
Jizhou Zhang ◽  
Daniel Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Bone Marrow Microenvironment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) is the primary source of immune cells. Hematopoiesis is regulated by a diverse cellular microenvironment that supports stepwise differentiation of multipotent stem cells and progenitors into mature blood cells. Blood cell production is not static and the bone marrow has evolved to sense and respond to infection by rapidly generating immune cells that are quickly released into the circulation to replenish those that are consumed in the periphery. Unfortunately, infection also has deleterious effects injuring hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), inefficient hematopoiesis, and remodeling and destruction of the microenvironment. Despite its central role in immunity, the role of the microenvironment in the response to infection has not been systematically investigated. Here we summarize the key experimental evidence demonstrating a critical role of the bone marrow microenvironment in orchestrating the bone marrow response to infection and discuss areas of future research.

scholarly journals Critical role for syndecan-4 in dendritic cell migration during development of allergic airway inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Polte ◽  
Susanne Petzold ◽  
Jessica Bertrand ◽  
Nicole Schütze ◽  
Denise Hinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Allergic Airway Inflammation ◽  
Dendritic Cell Migration

scholarly journals Possible Crosstalk of the Immune Cells within the Lung and Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Clusters in the Acute Inflammatory Lung Asthma-Like Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6878
Author(s):  
Yaser Hosny Ali Elewa ◽  
Mahmoud Mansour Abd Elwakil ◽  
Osamu Ichii ◽  
Teppei Nakamura ◽  
Sherif Kh. A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Natural Helper ◽  
B And T Lymphocytes ◽  
Intranasal Instillation

Recently, we clarified the function of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) in the progression of several respiratory diseases. However, their role has not yet been identified in the lung asthmatic condition. Hence, we compared the immune cells in lung and MFALCs of C57BL/6N mice on days 3 and 7 following intranasal instillation of either papain (papain group “PG”) or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (vehicle group “VG”). The PG showed significantly prominent MFALCs, numerous goblet cells (GCs), and higher index ratios of different immune cells (macrophages, natural helper cells (NHC), B- and T-lymphocytes) within the MFALCs and lung than in the VG on both days 3 and 7. Interestingly, a tendency of decreased size of MFALCs and a significant reduction in the number of GCs and immune cells were observed within the MFALCs and lung in the PG on day 7 than on day 3. Furthermore, the quantitative parameters of these immune cells in MFALCs were significantly and positively correlated with the size of MFALCs and immune cells in the lung. This suggested that the possible crosstalk between immune cells within MFALCs and the lung could play a critical role in the progression and recovery of the acute inflammatory lung asthma.

Y5 Receptors Mediate Neuropeptide Y Actions at Excitatory Synapses in Area CA3 of the Mouse Hippocampus

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Guo ◽  
Peter A. Castro ◽  
Richard D. Palmiter ◽  
Scott C. Baraban
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Limbic Seizures ◽  
Excitatory Transmission ◽  
Npy Receptor ◽  
Bath Application ◽  
Peptide Agonist

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a potent modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission and limbic seizures. NPY is abundantly expressed in the dentate gyrus and is thought to modulate hippocampal excitability via activation of presynaptic Y2 receptors (Y2R). Here we demonstrate that NPY, and commonly used Y2R-preferring (NPY13–36) and Y5 receptor (Y5R)–preferring ([d-Trp32]NPY and hPP) peptide agonists, evoke similar levels of inhibition at excitatory CA3 synapses in hippocampal slices from wild-type control mice (WT). In contrast, NPYergic inhibition of excitatory CA3 synaptic transmission is absent in mice lacking the Y5R subtype (Y5R KO). In both analyses of evoked population spike activity and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic synaptic currents (EPSCs), NPY agonists induced powerful inhibitory effects in all hippocampal slices from WT mice, whereas these peptides had no effect in slices from Y5R KO mice. In slices from WT mice, NPY (and NPY receptor–preferring agonists) reduced the frequency of spontaneous EPSCs but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude, rise time, or decay time. Furthermore, NPYergic modulation of spontaneous EPSCs in WT mice was mimicked by bath application of a novel Y5R-selective peptide agonist ([cpp]hPP) but not the selective Y2R agonist ([ahx5–24]NPY). In situ hybridization was used to confirm the presence of NPY, Y2, and Y5 mRNA in the hippocampus of WT mice and the absence of Y5R in knockout mice. These results suggest that the Y5 receptor subtype, previously believed to mediate food intake, plays a critical role in modulation of hippocampal excitatory transmission at the hilar-to-CA3 synapse in the mouse.

Progress in the understanding of the pathology of allergic asthma and the potential of fruit proanthocyanidins as modulators of airway inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4315-4324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Coleman ◽  
Odette M. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Immune Cells

The potential of fruit proanthocyanidins to modulate airway inflammation through interactions with immune cells and the microbiome.

scholarly journals Prognostic significance of natural killer cell-associated markers in gastric cancer: quantitative analysis using multiplex immunohistochemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Young Na ◽  
Yujun Park ◽  
Soo Kyung Nam ◽  
Jiwon Koh ◽  
Yoonjin Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Prognostic Significance

Abstract Background Natural killer (NK) cells mediate the anti-tumoral immune response as an important component of innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance and functional implication of NK cell-associated surface receptors in gastric cancer (GC) by using multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC). Methods We performed an mIHC on tissue microarray slides, including 55 GC tissue samples. A total of 11 antibodies including CD57, NKG2A, CD16, HLA-E, CD3, CD20, CD45, CD68, CK, SMA, and ki-67 were used. CD45 + CD3-CD57 + cells were considered as CD57 + NK cells. Results Among CD45 + immune cells, the proportion of CD57 + NK cell was the lowest (3.8%), whereas that of CD57 + and CD57- T cells (65.5%) was the highest, followed by macrophages (25.4%), and B cells (5.3%). CD57 + NK cells constituted 20% of CD45 + CD57 + immune cells while the remaining 80% were CD57 + T cells. The expression of HLA-E in tumor cells correlated with that in tumoral T cells, B cells, and macrophages, but not CD57 + NK cells. The higher density of tumoral CD57 + NK cells and tumoral CD57 + NKG2A + NK cells was associated with inferior survival. Conclusions Although the number of CD57 + NK cells was lower than that of other immune cells, CD57 + NK cells and CD57 + NKG2A + NK cells were significantly associated with poor outcomes, suggesting that NK cell subsets play a critical role in GC progression. NK cells and their inhibitory receptor, NKG2A, may be potential targets in GC.

scholarly journals Para-cellular and transcellular diapedesis are divergent but inter-connected evolutionary events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norwin Kubick ◽  
Pavel Klimovich ◽  
Patrick Henckel ◽  
Michel-Edwar Mickael
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cellular Process ◽  
Endothelial Layer ◽  
Trichoplax Adhaerens ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Sequence Reconstruction ◽  
Migration Pathways

AbstractInfiltration of the endothelial layer of the blood-brain barrier by leukocytes plays a critical role in health and disease. When passing through the endothelial layer during the diapedesis process lymphocytes can either follow a para-cellular route or a transcellular one. There is a debate whether these two processes constitute one mechanism, or they form two evolutionary distinct migration pathways. We used phylogenetic analysis, HH search, ancestor sequence reconstruction together with functional specificity and positive selection analysis to investigate this intriguing question further. We found that the two systems share several ancient components, such as RhoA protein that plays an important role in controlling actin movement in both mechanisms. However, some of the key components differ between these two transmigration processes. CAV1 genes emerged during Trichoplax adhaerens and it was only reported in trans-cellular process. Para-cellular process core proteins had at least two distinct starting points. First, during drosophila emergence, Tre1 which is homologous to melatonin GPCR receptor diverged. Secondly, PECAM1 emerged from FASL5/3 during elephant shark divergence. Lastly, both systems employ late divergent genes such as ICAM1 and PECAM1. Taken together our results suggest that these two systems constitute different yet interconnected mechanisms of immune cells infiltrations of the brain. Our analysis indicates that this system coevolved with immune cells, evolving to a higher level of complexity in association with the evolution of the adaptive immune system.

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