scholarly journals Mapping Potential Distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Central Asia

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad N. Baloch ◽  
Jingyu Fan ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
Runzhi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Minimum Convex Polygon ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
High Degree

Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious agricultural pest native to tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas. It has a broad host suitability range, disperses rapidly, and has now invaded nearly 100 countries around the world by quickly establishing in the novel ecologies. Based on the native occurrence records and environmental variables, we predicted the potential geographic distribution of S. frugiperda in Central Asia using the MaxEnt model and the ArcGIS. Irrigation is considered to be the main factor for the maize crop production in the Central Asia; therefore, we sought to map the potential spread of S. frugiperda using two modeling approaches together with adjusted rainfall indices and environmental data from this region. The results showed that both approaches (MCP and Obs) could predict the potential distribution of S. frugiperda. The Observation points (Obs) approach gave predicted more conservative projections compared with the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) approach. Areas of potential distribution that were consistently identified by the two modeling approaches included Western Afghanistan, Southern Kazakhstan and Southern Turkmenistan. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve test presented herein provided reliable evidence that the MaxEnt model has a high degree of accuracy in predicting the invasion of S. frugiperda in Central Asia.

Analysis of Potential Distribution of Spodoptera Frugiperda In Northwest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Jianghua Liao ◽  
Yuke Ya ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a newly invaded pest that breaks out fast and severely, causes a serious threat to the national security of food production. In this study, the MaxEnt model was used to predict the potentially suitable distribution area of S. frugiperda in Northwest China. The potential distribution of S. frugiperda was predicted using meteorological factors from the correlation analysis. According to the result, a satisfactory AUC value in the MaxEnt model indicates that the prediction model has good accuracy, which is sufficient for predicting the fitness zone of S. frugiperda in Northwest China. The prediction results show that the potential distribution risk of S. frugiperda is high in western Gansu, eastern Qinghai, Shaanxi, most regions of Ningxia, and part regions of Tibetan, and it also exists in Hami, Yili, Bozhou, Urumqi, Hotan, and Aksu in Xinjiang, and more than 60% of Northwest China are suitable distribution areas for S. frugiperda. As China's major wheat and maize production area, Northwest China is a crucial prevention area for S. frugiperda. Clarifying the potential geographical distribution of S. frugiperda in Northwest China is essential for early warning as well as prevention and control.

scholarly journals Macrophytes as a potential tool for crop production by providing nutrient as well as protection against common phyto pathogen

2021 ◽  
pp. bs202103
Author(s):  
Yachana Jha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Chemical Inputs

Applications of synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides lead to several environmental hazards, causing damages to entire ecosystem. To reduce damage caused by such chemical inputs in agriculture and environment required a serious attention for replacement of chemicals input with eco-friendly options. In this study decaying macrophytes were selected as an option for organic agriculture, by analyzing its ability to provide important mineral nutrient to the maize crop grown in low nutrient soil as well as for providing resistant towards many common phyto-pathogens to enhance yield. The results of the study showed that decaying macrophytes have high concentration of stored important mineral nutrient in their body mass, which get released in the soil during its decay and to be used by the maize plant. The decaying macrophytes leaf extract have considerable amount of phenolic and flavonoids also having antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract has been analyzed against the common phyto-pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and S. aureus by agar disc method and the formation of clear zone indicate its potential as bio-control agent. So under intensive agricultural practices, application of such biological waste is of particular importance for enhancing soil fertility without chemical input, to ensure sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Global distribution of soapberries (Sapindus L.) habitats under current and future climate scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiming Liu ◽  
Lianchun Wang ◽  
Caowen Sun ◽  
Benye Xi ◽  
Doudou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

AbstractSapindus (Sapindus L.) is a widely distributed economically important tree genus that provides biodiesel, biomedical and biochemical products. However, with climate change, deforestation, and economic development, the diversity of Sapindus germplasms may face the risk of destruction. Therefore, utilising historical environmental data and future climate projections from the BCC-CSM2-MR global climate database, we simulated the current and future global distributions of suitable habitats for Sapindus using a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model. The estimated ecological thresholds for critical environmental factors were: a minimum temperature of 0–20 °C in the coldest month, soil moisture levels of 40–140 mm, a mean temperature of 2–25 °C in the driest quarter, a mean temperature of 19–28 °C in the wettest quarter, and a soil pH of 5.6–7.6. The total suitable habitat area was 6059.97 × 104 km2, which was unevenly distributed across six continents. As greenhouse gas emissions increased over time, the area of suitable habitats contracted in lower latitudes and expanded in higher latitudes. Consequently, surveys and conservation should be prioritised in southern hemisphere areas which are in danger of becoming unsuitable. In contrast, other areas in northern and central America, China, and India can be used for conservation and large-scale cultivation in the future.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of the Factors that Affecting Maize Production of Farmers among Smallholders: The Case of Eastern Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Murad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Smallholder Farm

In Ethiopia, maize is the second largest in production areas and first in its productivity but there are high yield gaps between the actual yield currently producing and the potential yield. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify factors that affecting maize production of smallholder farmers at the farm level in the Meta district in the east Hararge zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. A two-stage random sampling technique was employed and a total of 200 smallholder farmers were randomly and proportionally selected to collect primary data. Multiple linear regression models were used to analysis factors that affect maize production among smallholder farmers. The result showed that the production of maize was influenced by several factors. The coefficient provided that as the farmers obtained 1 dollar from non-farm activity, the maize production of farmers increased by 293.2 kg, keeping other factors constant. Thus, the farmers who had money from non-farm sources used as additional income to gain agricultural inputs for maize production and thus generate more maize quantity. The result was pointed out that the size of the cultivated areas of land had a positive influence on the quantity of maize production of farmers. The coefficient entailed that as the size of the cultivated areas of land increased by one hectare, the farmer’s quantity of maize production increased by 140.4 kg by keeping other factors constant. The result was also indicated that other factors being constant, the maize crop production of smallholder farmers of Meta district was decreased by 4 kg as Development Agent’s (DA’s) office distance increased by one minute. The possible explanation was that extension services were a critical source of information on agronomic practices. Therefore, policy makers should encourage the current maize production and supplying improved seed and chemical fertilizer which support to improve smallholder farm households’ welfare by increasing their sources of income.

scholarly journals An updated global COI barcode reference data set for Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and first record of this species in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Mahat ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Tshelthrim Zangpo
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Data Set

AbstractWe report the first detection of Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), in Bhutan. FAW feeds on more than 300 plant species and is a serious pest of many. It has been spreading through Africa since 2016 and Asia since 2018. In Bhutan, this species was first detected in maize fields in the western part of the country in September 2019 and subsequently found infesting maize crop in southern parts of the country in December 2019 and April 2020. Using morphological and molecular techniques the presence of the first invading populations of S. frugiperda in Bhutan is confirmed through this study. We present an updated reference DNA barcode data set for FAW comprising 374 sequences, which can be used to reliably identify this serious pest species, and discuss some of the reasons why such compiled reference data sets are necessary, despite the publicly availability of the underlying data. We also report on a second armyworm species, the Northern Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker, 1865), in rice, maize and other crops in eighteen districts of Bhutan.

Post-Soviet changes in irrigated crop production in the Amu Darya Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Müller ◽  
Andrey Dara ◽  
Christopher Krause ◽  
Mayra Daniela Peña-Guerrero ◽  
Tillman Schmitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Amu Darya ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Hydrological Droughts

<p>Water withdrawals for irrigated crop production constitute the largest global consumer of blue water resources. Monitoring the dynamics of irrigated crop cultivation allows to track changes in water consumption of irrigated cropping, which is particularly paramount in water-scarce arid and semi-arid areas. We analyzed changes in irrigated crop cultivation along with occurrence of hydrological droughts for the Amu Darya river basin of Central Asia (534,700 km<sup>2</sup>), once the largest tributary river to the Aral Sea before large-scale irrigation projects have grossly reduced the amount of water that reaches the river delta. We used annual and seasonal spectral-temporal metrics derived from Landsat time series to quantify the three predominant cropping practices in the region (first season, second season, double cropping) for every year between 1988 and 2020. We further derived unbiased area estimates for the cropping classes at the province level based on a stratified random sample (n=2,779). Our results reveal a small yet steady decrease in irrigated second season cultivation across the basin. Regionally, we observed a gradual move away from cotton monocropping in response to the policy changes that were instigated since the mid-1990s. We compared the observed cropping dynamics to the occurrence of hydrological droughts, i.e., periods with inadequate water resources for irrigation. We find that areas with higher drought risks rely more on irrigation of the second season crops. Overall, our analysis provides the first fine-scale, annual crop type maps for the irrigated areas in the Amu Darya basin. The results shed light on how institutional changes and hydroclimatic factors that affect land-use decision-making, and thus the dynamics of crop type composition, in the vast irrigated areas of Central Asia.</p>

Maize Crop Production and Water Use Efficiency as Affected by Planting Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Iqbal Hassan . ◽  
Zahid Hussain .
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Potential distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in China and the major factors influencing distribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. e00865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulin Wang ◽  
Chunxian Jiang ◽  
Xiang Guo ◽  
Dongdong Chen ◽  
Chao You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Factors

scholarly journals Bioclimatic zonation and potential distribution of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Kivu Province, DR Congo

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcellin C. Cokola ◽  
Yannick Mugumaarhahama ◽  
Grégoire Noël ◽  
Espoir B. Bisimwa ◽  
David M. Bugeme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Dispersal Capacity ◽  
Jackknife Test ◽  
South Kivu

Abstract Background The fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is currently a devastating pest throughout the world due to its dispersal capacity and voracious feeding behaviour on several crops. A MaxEnt species distributions model (SDM) was developed based on collected FAW occurrence and environmental data’s. Bioclimatic zones were identified and the potential distribution of FAW in South Kivu, eastern DR Congo, was predicted. Results Mean annual temperature (bio1), annual rainfall (bio12), temperature seasonality (bio4) and longest dry season duration (llds) mainly affected the FAW potential distribution. The average area under the curve value of the model was 0.827 demonstrating the model efficient accuracy. According to Jackknife test of variable importance, the annual rainfall was found to correspond to the highest gain when used in isolation. FAWs’ suitable areas where this pest is likely to be present in South Kivu province are divided into two corridors. The Eastern corridor covering the Eastern areas of Kalehe, Kabare, Walungu, Uvira and Fizi territories and the Western corridor covering the Western areas of Kalehe, Kabare, Walungu and Mwenga. Conclusions This research provides important information on the distribution of FAW and bioclimatic zones in South Kivu. Given the rapid spread of the insect and the climatic variability observed in the region that favor its development and dispersal, it would be planned in the future to develop a monitoring system and effective management strategies to limit it spread and crop damage.

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