scholarly journals Effects of Diallyl Trisulfide, an Active Substance from Garlic Essential Oil, on Energy Metabolism in Male Moth Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Meng-Ya Wu ◽  
Yi-Yi Ying ◽  
Su-Su Zhang ◽  
Xue-Gang Li ◽  
Wen-Han Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Trehalase Activity ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

This study investigated the effects of diallyl trisulfide (DAT), an active substance from garlic essential oil, on the metabolism of the main energy substances of pre- and postmating males of Sitotroga cerealella. Males at 12 h postemergence were fumigated with DAT at a concentration (LC10 = 0.010 µL/L) in a glass jar for 7 h. The main energy metabolites from pre- and postmating males were determined, including protein, triglyceride, glycogen, total soluble sugar, trehalose, and trehalase. The contents of total protein and total soluble sugar and the trehalase activity of premating males were significantly increased following DAT treatment, whereas the contents of protein from the accessory gland, triglyceride, glycogen, and trehalose were significantly decreased after treatment. Additionally, after mating, the total protein and soluble sugar contents were significantly increased and the glycogen content was significantly decreased in the treatment group relative to the levels in controls, but there was no significant difference observed in triglyceride, accessory gland proteins, trehalose content, or trehalase activity between the treatment and control groups. Furthermore, the changes in the main energy substances between pre- and postmating in males after the DAT treatment (∆DAT) were smaller than those in the control group (∆CK). This result indicated that DAT can accelerate the rate of metabolism in males at LC10, leading to the accumulation of greater levels of total soluble sugar to support life activities and to the increased synthesis of proteins to resist an adverse environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Diallyl Trisulfide on the Reproductive Behavior of the Grain Moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Meng Chang ◽  
Sakhawat Shah ◽  
Meng-Ya Wu ◽  
Su-Su Zhang ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

The Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is primarily a pest of stored products, that feeds inside the grain as larvae inducing significant economic loss in various stored commodities. Our previous studies proved that garlic essential oil and its active substances inhibit oviposition in moths. To further explore the effect on reproductive behavior and accurately interpret the results in terms of effective control of the moth population, moths were treated with diallyl trisulfide (DATS), an active substance of garlic essential oil, at a dose of 0.015 µL/L in air (LC20, sub-lethal concentration). The results showed that fecundity and the proportion of viable eggs significantly decreased when the moths were treated with LC20 DATS. Furthermore, female circadian mating rhythms and calling periodicity changed significantly after treatment. Compared with controls, the peak in mating occurred approximately 1 h earlier on the first day after DATS treatment, while it was significantly later on days 2 and 3. Moreover, mating frequency declined in presence of DATS compared with the controls. The percentage of females engaging in calling behavior decreased significantly with time, to less than 50%, 2 days after treatment, while a high calling percentage (>80%) was recorded for control moths on all 4 days. In addition, DATS had an inhibitory effect on the mating duration of S. cerealella. Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in the amount of sex pheromones extracted 8 h and 9 h after treatment. Our findings suggested that DATS has the potential to manipulate the moth population at LC20 and would be an efficient alternative to synthetic insecticides for the control of pests having low toxicity to non-target organisms and ecosystems.

scholarly journals Diallyl Trisulfide, the Antifungal Component of Garlic Essential Oil and the Bioactivity of Its Nanoemulsions Formed by Spontaneous Emulsification

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7186
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Xiaoqian Su ◽  
Hongjia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Lipid Phase ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Diallyl Trisulfide ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical compounds of garlic essential oil (EO), and determine the antifungal efficacy of garlic EO and its major components, diallyl trisulfide and its nanoemulsions against wood-rotting fungi, Trametes hirsuta and Laetiporus sulphureus. GC-MS analysis revealed that the major constituents of garlic EO were diallyl trisulfide (39.79%), diallyl disulfide (32.91%), and diallyl sulfide (7.02%). In antifungal activity, the IC50 value of garlic EO against T. hirsuta and L. sulphureus were 137.3 and 44.6 μg/mL, respectively. Results from the antifungal tests demonstrated that the three major constituents were shown to have good antifungal activity, in which, diallyl trisulfide was the most effective against T. hirsuta and L. sulphureus, with the IC50 values of 56.1 and 31.6 μg/mL, respectively. The diallyl trisulfide nanoemulsions showed high antifungal efficacy against the examined wood-rotting fungi, and as the amount of diallyl trisulfide in the lipid phase increases, the antifungal efficacy of the nanoemulsions increases. These results showed that the nanoemulsions and normal emulsion of diallyl trisulfide have potential to develop into a natural wood preservative.

scholarly journals Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Cristina Velasquez Espino ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

scholarly journals Mixing Oil-Based Microencapsulation of Garlic Essential Oil: Impact of Incorporating Three Commercial Vegetable Oils on the Stability of Emulsions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Yunjiao Zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Cuiping Qi ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Mohamed Rifky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

The active components in garlic essential oil are easily degradable, which limits its application in the food industry. Vegetable oils (VOs) were used to improve the stability of garlic essential oil (GEO) emulsion. The volatile compounds of GEO and its mixtures with vegetable oils (VOs), including corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), and olive oil (OO) indicated that GEO-VO mixtures had a higher percentage of Diallyl disulfide and Diallyl trisulfide than pure GEO. Adding an appropriate amount of VOs promoted the GEO emulsion (whey protein concentrate and inulin as the wall materials) stability in order of CO > SO > OO. Evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, and antimicrobial activity of GEO-VO microcapsules showed that the GEO was successfully entrapped and slowly released with active antibacterial activities on both E. coli and S. aureus. Collectively, these results implied that VOs, especially for 20% CO, improved the stability of GEO emulsions and the encapsulation efficiency of GEO microcapsules. The mechanism might be related to (1) the regulating effect of density difference between oil and water phases on prevention to gravitational separation, (2) the promotion to the compatibility of GEO and VOs to inhibit the phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening.

scholarly journals Exogenous Putrescine Enhances Salt Tolerance and Ginsenosides Content in Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) Sprouts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Md. Jahirul Islam ◽  
Byeong Ryeol Ryu ◽  
Md. Obyedul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Soyel Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Biochemical Processes

The effect of exogenously applied putrescine (Put) on salt stress tolerance was investigated in Panax ginseng. Thirty-day-old ginseng sprouts were grown in salinized nutrient solution (150 mM NaCl) for five days, while the control sprouts were grown in nutrients solution. Putrescine (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 mM) was sprayed on the plants once at the onset of salinity treatment, whereas control plants were sprayed with water only. Ginseng seedlings tested under salinity exhibited reduced plant growth and biomass production, which was directly interlinked with reduced chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence due to higher reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide; H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) production. Application of Put enhanced accumulation of proline, total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble sugar and total soluble protein. At the same time, activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase in leaves, stems, and roots of ginseng seedlings were increased. Such modulation of physio-biochemical processes reduced the level of H2O2 and MDA, which indicates a successful adaptation of ginseng seedlings to salinity stress. Moreover, protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides enhanced by both salinity stress and exogenous Put treatment. On the other hand, protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides enhanced in roots and reduced in leaves and stems under salinity stress condition. In contrast, they enhanced by exogenous Put application in all parts of the plants for most cases, also evidenced by principal component analysis. Collectively, our findings provide an important prospect for the use of Put in modulating salinity tolerance and ginsenosides content in ginseng sprouts.

scholarly journals Effects of Shading on Carbohydrates of Syzygium samarangense

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1252-1257
Author(s):  
Ying JIAN ◽  
Guolin WU ◽  
Donghui ZHOU ◽  
Zhiqun HU ◽  
Zhenxuan QUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Digital Object ◽  
Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) is an important tropical fruit tree cultivated in Southeast Asian. It produces red pear-like shape fruits. The fruit flesh is considered high in antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids that have a potential to contribute to the human healthy diet, and was proved to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial characteristics. To allow year-round marketing of high quality wax apple fruit, growers always perform shading to inhibit new flushes so as to repress vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. To investigate the effect of shading on carbohydrates, wax apple trees were shaded with sun shade nets under field conditions. The effects of shading on shoot growth were studied and leaf carbohydrate levels of the trees were determined. The results showed that shading inhibit the the growth of the terminal shoots and promoted bud dormancy. Shading also reduced total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch levels of leaves. The results suggested that shading reduced carbohydrate accumulation and repressed vegetative growth.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

Total Soluble Sugar Quantification from Ethanolic Plant Extracts v1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Doran ◽  
Amanda P. De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Tissue Extracts

Quantification of total soluble sugars (as glucose) in plant tissue extracts via the sulfuric phenol method adapted for 96 well plates.

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