scholarly journals Stingless Bee Honey: Evaluating Its Antibacterial Activity and Bacterial Diversity

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Nadiah Rosli ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fikri Hazemi ◽  
Muhamad Afiq Akbar ◽  
Syazwani Basir ◽  
Hakimi Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Characterization Study ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

Stingless bee honey (SBH) is an astounding ‘miracle liquid’ with countless medicinal properties for various diseases such as gastroenteritis, cataracts, as well as for wound-healing. However, knowledge regarding it is still rather scarce. Henceforth, it is intriguing for us to contemplate on the less-studied stingless bee and its honey in particular. First and foremost, the antimicrobial ability of honey from eight different stingless bee species was tested to further proven its health benefit. Homotrigona fimbriata honey showed the highest antimicrobial activity with inhibition against five bacteria; Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Alcaligenes faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The next aim of our study is to characterize their honey bacterial community via the use of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology. A total of eight bacterial phyla, 71 families, 155 genera and 70 species were identified from our study and two of the stingless bee species honey were determined to have the highest bacterial diversity compared to other six stingless bee species, namely Heterotrigona erythrogastra and Tetrigona melanoleuca. Furthermost, Lactobacillus malefermentans was thought to be the native dominant bacteria of SBH due to its predominant presence throughout all studied species. The aforementioned SBH’s antimicrobial results and characterization study of its bacterial diversity are hoped to carve the pathway towards extending its probiotic ability into our everyday lives.

scholarly journals Loss and Gain of Gut Bacterial Phylotype Symbionts in Afrotropical Stingless Bee Species (Apidae: Meliponinae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Yosef Hamba Tola ◽  
Jacqueline Wahura Waweru ◽  
Nelly N. Ndungu ◽  
Kiatoko Nkoba ◽  
Bernard Slippers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Species Specific

Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are the most diverse group of corbiculate bees and are important managed and wild pollinators distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe. However, little is known about their associated beneficial microbes that play major roles in host nutrition, detoxification, growth, activation of immune responses, and protection against pathogens in their sister groups, honeybees and bumble bees. Here, we provide an initial characterization of the gut bacterial microbiota of eight stingless bee species from sub-Saharan Africa using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Our findings revealed that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the dominant and conserved phyla across the eight stingless bee species. Additionally, we found significant geographical and host intra-species-specific bacterial diversity. Notably, African strains showed significant phylogenetic clustering when compared with strains from other continents, and each stingless bee species has its own microbial composition with its own dominant bacterial genus. Our results suggest host selective mechanisms maintain distinct gut communities among sympatric species and thus constitute an important resource for future studies on bee health management and host-microbe co-evolution and adaptation.

scholarly journals Intergenerational microbial transmission in the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn Mika ◽  
Alexander S. Okamoto ◽  
Neil H. Shubin ◽  
David B. Mark Welch
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Embryonic Skin ◽  
Egg Capsule

AbstractMicrobial transmission from parent to offspring is hypothesized to be universal in vertebrates. However, evidence for this is limited as many clades remain unexamined. Chondrichthyes, as one of the earliest–branching vertebrate lineages, provide an opportunity to investigate the phylogenetic breadth of this hypothesis. To assess the potential for bacterial transmission in an oviparous chondrichthyan, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbial communities associated with the skin, gill, and egg capsule of the little skate, Leucoraja erinacea, at six points during ontogeny. We identify site-specific microbiomes dominated by the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, a composition similar to, but distinct from, that of other chondrichthyans. Our data reveal that the skate egg capsule harbors a highly diverse bacterial community–particularly on the internal surface of the capsule–and facilitates intergenerational microbial transfer to the offspring. Embryonic skin and external gill tissues host similar bacterial communities; the skin and gill communities later diverge as the internal gills and skin denticles develop. Our study is the first exploration of the chondrichthyan microbiome throughout ontogeny and provides the first evidence of vertical transmission in this group, which may be the primary mechanism for the signature of phylosymbiosis previously observed in elasmobranchs.

scholarly journals Effects of simulated warming on bacterial diversity and abundance in tropical soils from East Malaysia using open top chambers

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Chuen Yang Chua ◽  
Clemente Michael Vui Ling Wong
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
16S Rdna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Set Up

The effects of global warming are increasingly evident, where global surface temperatures and atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide have increased in past decades. Given the role of terrestrial bacteria in various ecological functions, it is important to understand how terrestrial bacteria would respond towards higher environmental temperatures. This study aims to determine soil bacterial diversity in the tropics and their response towards in situ warming using an open-top chamber (OTC). OTCs were set up in areas exposed to sunlight throughout the year in the tropical region in Malaysia. Soil samples were collected every 3 months to monitor changes in bacterial diversity using V3–V4 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing inside the OTCs (treatment plots) and outside the OTCs (control plots). After 12 months of simulated warming, an average increase of 0.81 to 1.15 °C was recorded in treatment plots. Significant changes in the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were reported. Increases in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria were also observed in treatment plots after 12 months. Substantial changes were observed at the genus level, where most bacterial genera decreased in relative abundance after 12 months. This study demonstrated that warming can alter soil bacteria in tropical soils from Kota Kinabalu.

scholarly journals Reduced diversity and stability of coral-associated bacterial communities and suppressed immune function precedes disease onset in corals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 190355 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Joseph Pollock ◽  
Joleah B. Lamb ◽  
Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water ◽  
Hillary A. Smith ◽  
Britta Schaffelke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

Disease is an emerging threat to coral reef ecosystems worldwide, highlighting the need to understand how environmental conditions interact with coral immune function and associated microbial communities to affect holobiont health. Increased coral disease incidence on reefs adjacent to permanently moored platforms on Australia's Great Barrier Reef provided a unique case study to investigate environment–host–microbe interactions in situ . Here, we evaluate coral-associated bacterial community (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing), immune function (protein-based prophenoloxidase-activating system), and water quality parameters before, during and after a disease event. Over the course of the study, 31% of tagged colonies adjacent to platforms developed signs of white syndrome (WS), while all control colonies on a platform-free reef remained visually healthy. Corals adjacent to platforms experienced significant reductions in coral immune function. Additionally, the corals at platform sites that remained visually healthy throughout the study had reduced bacterial diversity compared to healthy colonies at the platform-free site. Interestingly, prior to the observation of macroscopic disease, corals that would develop WS had reduced bacterial diversity and significantly greater community heterogeneity between colonies compared to healthy corals at the same location. These results suggest that activities associated with offshore marine infrastructure impacts coral immunocompetence and associated bacterial community, which affects the susceptibility of corals to disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of Bacterial Diversity in Relation to the Presence of the Top 7 Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli throughout Australian Beef Abattoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1821
Author(s):  
SANGA KANG ◽  
JOSHUA T. RAVENSDALE ◽  
RANIL COOREY ◽  
GARY A. DYKES ◽  
ROBERT S. BARLOW
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Inspection Service

ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that diversity changes in bacterial communities of beef cattle correlate to the presence of Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC). However, studies that found an association between STEC and bacterial diversity have been focused on preslaughter stages in the beef supply chain. This study was designed to test a hypothesis that there are no differences in bacterial diversity between samples with and those without the presence of the top 7 STEC (O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157) throughout processing in an integrated (abattoir A) and a fragmented (abattoir B) Australian beef abattoir. Slaughter and boning room surface samples from each abattoir were analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and tested for the top 7 STEC following the Food Safety and Inspection Service protocol. Potential positives through slaughter were similar between the abattoirs (64 to 81%). However, abattoir B had substantially reduced potential positives in the boning room compared with abattoir A (abattoir A: 23 and 48%; abattoir B: 2 and 7%). Alpha diversity between the sample groups was not significantly different (P > 0.05) regardless of different STEC markers. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of slaughter samples showed that the bacterial composition in fecal and hide samples shared the least similarity with the communities in carcass and environmental samples. Surface samples from slaughter (carcass and environmental) and boning (carcass, beef trim, and environmental) all appeared randomly plotted on the scale. This indicated that the STEC presence also did not have a significant effect (P > 0.05) on beta diversity. Although presence of STEC appeared to correlate with changes in diversity of fecal and hide bacterial communities in previous studies, it did not appear to have the same effect on other samples throughout processing. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Diversity and Succession of Microbiota during Fermentation of the Traditional Indian Food Idli

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhvi H. Mandhania ◽  
Dhiraj Paul ◽  
Mangesh V. Suryavanshi ◽  
Lokesh Sharma ◽  
Somak Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Microbial Succession ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Acid And Bile Tolerance ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Culture Dependent

ABSTRACTIdli, a naturally fermented Indian food, is prepared from a mixture of rice and black gram (lentil). To understand its microbial community during fermentation, detailed analysis of the structural and functional dynamics of the idli microbiome was performed by culture-dependent and -independent approaches. The bacterial diversity and microbial succession were assessed at different times of fermentation by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results highlighted that most microbiota belonged to phylumFirmicutes(70%) andProteobacteria(22%). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis confirmed the diversity and succession involved therein. A culture-dependent approach revealed that the microbially diverse populations were conserved across different geographical locations. The fermentation was primarily driven by lactic acid bacteria as they constitute 86% of the total bacterial population, and genusWeissellaemerged as the most important organism in fermentation. The natural microbiota of the grains mainly drives the fermentation, as surface sterilized grains did not show any fermentation. Growth kinetics of idli microbiota and physicochemical parameters corroborated the changes in microbial dynamics, acid production, and leavening occurring during fermentation. Using a metagenomic prediction tool, we found that the major metabolic activities of these microbial fermenters were augmented during the important phase of fermentation. The involvement of the heterofermentative hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway in batter leavening was substantiated by radiolabeled carbon dioxide generated fromd-[1-14C]-glucose. Hydrolases degrading starch and phytins and the production of B vitamins were reported. Moreover, culturable isolates showing beneficial attributes, such as acid and bile tolerance, hydrophobicity, antibiotic sensitivity, and antimicrobial activity, suggest idli to be a potential dietary supplement.IMPORTANCEThis is a comprehensive analysis of idli fermentation employing modern molecular tools which provided valuable information about the bacterial diversity enabling its fermentation. The study has demonstrated the relationship between the bacterial population and its functional role in the process. The nature of idli fermentation was found to be more complex than other food fermentations due to the succession of the bacterial population. Further studies using metatranscriptomics and metabolomics may enhance the understanding of this complex fermentation process. Moreover, the presence of microorganisms with beneficial properties plausibly makes idli a suitable functional food.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Food Microbiota in Ready-to-Eat Mexican Foods

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Cintia Flores-Rivas ◽  
Fernando Hernández-Quiroz ◽  
Loan Edel Villalobos-Flores ◽  
Alberto Piña-Escobedo ◽  
Alejandra Chavez-Carbajal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
High Throughput Dna Sequencing

Ready-to-eat food microbiota are the microorganisms present in the dishes that are currently consumed during meals. These microorganisms include those that may have a health benefit, are potentially pathogenic or have not yet been given a function. Foods suitable for consumption are not free of microorganisms; however, within the food industry only yeasts have been given a beneficial function, while other microorganisms such as filamentous fungi and bacteria have been studied for their negative effects on food. We determined the bacterial diversity in samples of highly demanded, freshly prepared, unspoiled ready-to-eat dishes by high-throughput DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA libraries. We found a great bacterial diversity, whereby the most abundant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, TM7 and Thermi, among others. These phyla included bacteria with remarkable abundances in some dishes. The alfa diversity analyses showed that the main dishes had the largest diversity. The beta-diversity analyses clustered the bacterial communities of soups, side plates, desserts, and beverages, and some main dishes. Based on our results we conclude that unspoiled ready-to-eat Mexican dishes contain a rich bacterial diversity, which may contribute to the organoleptic properties of the dishes without representing a sanitary risk for the consumers.

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity of Breast Milk in Healthy Spanish Women: Evolution from Birth to Five Years Postpartum

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2414
Author(s):  
Laura Sanjulián ◽  
Alexandre Lamas ◽  
Rocío Barreiro ◽  
Alberto Cepeda ◽  
Cristina A. Fente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Abundant Genus

The objective of this work was to characterize the microbiota of breast milk in healthy Spanish mothers and to investigate the effects of lactation time on its diversity. A total of ninety-nine human milk samples were collected from healthy Spanish women and were assessed by means of next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and by qPCR. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Accordingly, Streptococcus was the most abundant genus. Lactation time showed a strong influence in milk microbiota, positively correlating with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while Firmicutes was relatively constant over lactation. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that the highest alpha-diversity was found in samples of prolonged lactation, along with wider differences between individuals. As for milk nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and selenium levels were potentially associated with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus abundance. Additionally, Proteobacteria was positively correlated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in breast milk, and Staphylococcus with conjugated linoleic acid. Conversely, Streptococcus and trans-palmitoleic acid showed a negative association. Other factors such as maternal body mass index or diet also showed an influence on the structure of these microbial communities. Overall, human milk in Spanish mothers appeared to be a complex niche shaped by host factors and by its own nutrients, increasing in diversity over time.

scholarly journals Connecting structure to function with the recovery of over 1000 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes from activated sludge using long-read sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Singleton ◽  
Francesca Petriglieri ◽  
Jannie M. Kristensen ◽  
Rasmus H. Kirkegaard ◽  
Thomas Y. Michaelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Long Read

AbstractMicroorganisms play crucial roles in water recycling, pollution removal and resource recovery in the wastewater industry. The structure of these microbial communities is increasingly understood based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data. However, such data cannot be linked to functional potential in the absence of high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) for nearly all species. Here, we use long-read and short-read sequencing to recover 1083 high-quality MAGs, including 57 closed circular genomes, from 23 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants. The MAGs account for ~30% of the community based on relative abundance, and meet the stringent MIMAG high-quality draft requirements including full-length rRNA genes. We use the information provided by these MAGs in combination with >13 years of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data, as well as Raman microspectroscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridisation, to uncover abundant undescribed lineages belonging to important functional groups.

Advantage of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis

Helicobacter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boldbaatar Gantuya ◽  
Hashem B. El Serag ◽  
Batsaikhan Saruuljavkhlan ◽  
Dashdorj Azzaya ◽  
Takashi Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing
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