scholarly journals Guarding Vibrations—Axestotrigona ferruginea Produces Vibrations When Encountering Non-Nestmates

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Kathrin Krausa ◽  
Felix A. Hager ◽  
Wolfgang H. Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Nest Defense ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Alarm Communication ◽  
Substrate Vibrations

Flower visiting stingless bees store collected pollen and nectar for times of scarcity. This stored food is of high value for the colony and should be protected against con- and heterospecifics that might rob them. There should be high selective pressure on the evolution of mechanisms to discriminate nestmates from non-nestmates and to defend the nest, i.e., resources against intruders. Multimodal communication systems, i.e., a communication system that includes more than one sensory modality and provide redundant information, should be more reliable than unimodal systems. Besides olfactory signals, vibrational signals could be used to alert nestmates. This study tests the hypothesis that the vibrational communication mode plays a role in nest defense and nestmate recognition of Axestotrigona ferruginea. Substrate vibrations induced by bees were measured at different positions of the nest. The experiments show that guarding vibrations produced in the entrance differ in their temporal structure from foraging vibrations produced inside the nest. We show that guarding vibrations are produced during non-nestmate encounters rather than nestmate encounters. This further supports the idea that guarding vibrations are a component of nest defense and alarm communication. We discuss to whom the vibrations are addressed, and what their message and meaning are.

scholarly journals The fruitless gene affects female receptivity and species isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1923) ◽  
pp. 20192765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabashir Chowdhury ◽  
Ryan M. Calhoun ◽  
Katrina Bruch ◽  
Amanda J. Moehring
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Female Receptivity ◽  
Female Mate ◽  
Multiple Transcripts ◽  
Female Behaviour ◽  
Substrate Vibrations

Female mate rejection acts as a major selective force within species, and can serve as a reproductive barrier between species. In spite of its critical role in fitness and reproduction, surprisingly little is known about the genetic or neural basis of variation in female mate choice. Here, we identify fruitless as a gene affecting female receptivity within Drosophila melanogaster , as well as female Drosophila simulans rejection of male D. melanogaster . Of the multiple transcripts this gene produces, by far the most widely studied is the sex-specifically spliced transcript involved in the sex determination pathway. However, we find that female rejection behaviour is affected by a non-sex-specifically spliced fruitless transcript. This is the first implication of fruitless in female behaviour, and the first behavioural role identified for a fruitless non-sex-specifically spliced transcript. We found that this locus does not influence preferences via a single sensory modality, examining courtship song, antennal pheromone perception, or perception of substrate vibrations, and we conclude that fruitless influences mate choice via the integration of multiple signals or through another sensory modality.

scholarly journals Multimodal alarm behavior in urban and rural gray squirrels studied by means of observation and a mechanical robot

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Partan ◽  
Andrew G. Fulmer ◽  
Maya A. M. Gounard ◽  
Jake E. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Multimodal Communication ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Urban Habitats ◽  
Multimodal Signals ◽  
Alarm Behavior ◽  
Alarm Signaling ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Multimodal Enhancement

Abstract Urbanization of animal habitats has the potential to affect the natural communication systems of any species able to survive in the changed environment. Urban animals such as squirrels use multiple signal channels to communicate, but it is unknown how urbanization has affected these behaviors. Multimodal communication, involving more than one sensory modality, can be studied by use of biomimetic mechanical animal models that are designed to simulate the multimodal signals and be presented to animal subjects in the field. In this way the responses to the various signal components can be compared and contrasted to determine whether the multimodal signal is made up of redundant or nonredundant components. In this study, we presented wild gray squirrels in relatively urban and relatively rural habitats in Western Massachusetts with a biomimetic squirrel model that produced tail flags and alarm barks in a variety of combinations. We found that the squirrels responded to each unimodal component on its own, the bark and tail flag, but they responded most to the complete multimodal signal, containing both the acoustic and the moving visual components, providing evidence that in this context the signal components are redundant and that their combination elicits multimodal enhancement. We expanded on the results of Partan et al. (2009) by providing data on signaling behavior in the presence and absence of conspecifics, suggesting that alarm signaling is more likely if conspecifics are present. We found that the squirrels were more active in the urban habitats and that they responded more to tail flagging in the urban habitats as compared to the rural ones, suggesting the interesting possibility of a multimodal shift from reliance on audio to visual signals in noisier more crowded urban habitats.

scholarly journals A Cause for Alarm: Increasing Translocation Success of Captive Individuals Through Alarm Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Morris ◽  
Benjamin James Pitcher ◽  
Anthony Chariton
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Alarm Call ◽  
Alarm Calls ◽  
Communication Behavior ◽  
Developmental History ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Alarm Communication ◽  
Predator Behavior

Translocation programmes implying the movement of animals from one place to another aim to sustain endangered populations in the wild. However, their success varies greatly, with predation being a major contributing factor. This is particularly prevalent in released captive-raised individuals which have a reduced or lost awareness of predators. Alarm calls are an immediate response made toward a predator, mostly studied in highly predated, social vertebrates. These warning vocalizations are a vital part of a prey species' anti-predator behavior, enhancing the individuals' and surrounding listeners' survival. To date, most translocation programmes have not considered this behavior for release success. Here we review the literature summarizing alarm communication systems of wild and captive vertebrates, aiming to establish recommendations and actions which could encourage alarm communication behavior in captive vertebrate species. Observations of wild animals show that alarm-call understanding is gained through the experience of predation pressure from a young age, amongst conspecific and heterospecific social groups, which captive individuals can lack. This information, combined with consideration of a programme's accessible resources and captive individual's developmental history, is pivotal to efficiently guide appropriate actions. Focusing on preserving behaviors in captivity, we provide a list of recommendations and actions to guide the reinforcement of alarm communication throughout the translocation process. Ensuring predator awareness and the maintenance of alarm communication in translocated individuals may greatly improve the likelihood of release success.

Unified Hybrid Free Space Optical/Radio Frequency Communication System Based on Microwave Photonics

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2706-2709
Author(s):  
Ke Deng ◽  
Bing Zhong Wang ◽  
Zhou Shi Yao
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Microwave Photonics ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Communication Subsystems ◽  
Communication System Design

Hybrid free space optical/radio frequency communication systems improve reliability of links. However, independent communication subsystems increase the system complexity, weight, size, and power consumption. Based on microwave photonics, a unified hybrid free space optical/radio frequency communication system design is proposed. The communication subsystems share antenna, modulator, and demodulator to simplify system structure. Operating principle is expounded by theoretical reference, and 3dB theoretical loss is found in millimeter-wave communication mode.

Implementing Aided Augmentative Communication Systems With Persons Having Complex Communicative Needs

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Reichle ◽  
Jessica Simacek ◽  
Sanikan Wattanawongwan ◽  
Jennifer Ganz
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Complex Communication Needs ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Selection Of

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems can support communication skills for people with significant developmental disabilities who experience complex communication needs (CCNs). There is a need to tailor best practices in AAC assessment and intervention to create individualized communication systems with this population. In this article, we outline the important components of AAC systems that can be implemented in authentic settings. However, given the limited evidence on AAC interventions specific to people with CCNs, we also identify some priority areas for future inquiry. Among these involve strategies to enhance decision making regarding (a) matching communication mode(s) to learner skills and contextual demands, (b) identifying communicative opportunities and obligations, (c) individualizing aided communication display features, (d) selection of vocabulary specificity, and (e) considering dosage parameters needed to acquire and maintain a communicative repertoire. In addition, we briefly discuss the use of telehealth to enhance intervention capability.

Carrier Wave Communication System of Spread Spectrum on Colliery Underground

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 1678-1681
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Spread Spectrum Communication ◽  
Carrier Wave ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Carrier Communication

The paper introduces the project component of power carrier communication mode and communication system based on the spread spectrum communication theory. The methods of data transmission and spread spectrum technology applying in the coal mine communication systems are given. Paper analyzes the characteristics of signal and the feasibility of technique solutions for mine communications. The design possesses the strong practicability and operability.

Constituent order in picture pointing sequences produced by speaking children using AAC

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Sutton ◽  
Jill P. Morford
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Constituent Order ◽  
Visual Graphic

ABSTRACTChildren using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) picture boards often produce sequences of symbols that do not reflect the grammatical structure of the language spoken in their environment. These irregularities may reflect an incomplete or incorrect representation of linguistic structure. Alternatively, they may simply be the result of constraints on the communication mode itself. This study examined constituent order and deletion in picture board communication in children who are known to have intact linguistic knowledge (i.e., normally developing native speakers of English). The results suggest that English syntactic knowledge is not automatically applied to picture board communication. Additional skills may be required to transpose linguistic knowledge into the visual-graphic modality used in AAC systems. Moreover, the regularity of non-English responses suggests that there is a bias for specific structures in visual communication systems.

Signed language classifier predicates

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Cogill-Koez
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Structured Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
General Classifier ◽  
Classifier Predicates

It is argued that signed communication systems differ from spoken ones in having not one but two structured systems of representation. In addition to the linguistic mode (which is shared with spoken communication, and which appears to be fundamentally identical across spoken and signed modalities), signers also command distinctive, formal systems of schematic visual representation. These are the forms of signing known as classifier predicates. For the past two decades, signed classifier predicates have been modeled as linguistic. However, the basic formal units of such signing, the combination of these units, and their breakdown, all differ both from patterns seen in other signed forms that have long been recognized as linguistic, and from the classic patterns of language in general. Classifier predicates continue to be modeled as linguistic mostly on the basis of assumptions about alternatives, specifically about the form and acquisition of systems of visual-spatial representation. These assumptions are shown to be incorrect. Signed classifiers are shown to correspond in many respects not merely to visual representation, but to a particular strategy of depiction known as schematic visual representation. This is the mode of depiction that appears to be most natural for both children and adults to master, and that is commonly seen in drawing. There is thus strong evidence that in signed language classifiers we have what, from the point of view of traditional (spoken-language based) linguistics, is a qualitatively new communication mode: formal, structured systems of visual representation that exist side-by-side with linguistic modalities, within the total signed communication system.

scholarly journals Islamic Parties between Sacred and Profane: Transformation of the Concept of Party in the Muslim Political Discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
I. V. Kudryashova ◽  
A. S. Kozintsev
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Islamic Parties ◽  
Islamic Party

The article is devoted to the analysis of the transformation of the concept of Islamic party in the Muslim political discourse. Considering the processes of separation of Islam and politics as the formation of independent communication systems, the authors try to find an answer to the question of how, despite doctrinal restrictions, the notion “Islamic party” managed to acquire the features of a stable political concept. The authors propose a hypothesis, according to which, as the socio-political modernization of the Arab countries proceeds, the political system appropriates this concept, thereby specifying Islamic values at the level that allows to combine these values with new power institutions and fulfill specific political actions with these values. To test this hypothesis, the authors turn to the analysis of the temporal structure of the concept of party in Quran (Sunnah), the texts of the first ideologues of the Muslim Brotherhood and the rhetoric of the modern Islamic movements that occupy stable positions in the national parliaments. As a result of the study, the authors document the polysemantics inherent in the Islamic doctrine and identify the main parameters of the temporalization and pragmatization of the concept. According to their conclusion, the Islamic parties’ abandonment of Quranic time and placement in the national-historical contexts, as well as the erosion of their initial core values, determine the mo dern perception and functional significance of such parties: they act as an institution that differentiates Islamic norms and ensures their combination with the institutions of the nation state that emerged in the process of moder nization.

scholarly journals Adaptive evolution of olfactory degeneration in recently flightless insects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Neupert ◽  
Graham A. McCulloch ◽  
Brodie J. Foster ◽  
Jonathan M. Waters ◽  
Paul Szyszka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Olfactory Acuity ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Processing Ability ◽  
Olfactory Processing ◽  
Sensory Ability

AbstractFast-moving animals need fast-acting sensory systems. Flying insects have thus evolved exceptionally quick visual (1) and olfactory processing ability (2). For example, flighted insects can track the temporal structure of turbulent odor plumes at rates above 100 Hz (3). The evolutionary lability of such sensory systems, however, remains unknown. We test for rapid evolutionary shifts in olfactory processing speed associated with flight loss, through neurobiological comparisons of sympatric flighted versus flightless lineages within a wing-polymorphic stonefly species. Our analyses of sensory responses reveal that recently-evolved flightless lineages have substantially degraded olfactory acuity. By comparing flighted versus flightless ecotypes with similar genetic backgrounds (4), we eliminate other confounding factors that might have affected the evolution of their olfactory reception mechanisms. Our detection of different patterns of degraded olfactory sensitivity and speed in independently wing-reduced lineages highlights parallel evolution of sensory degeneration. These reductions in sensory ability also echo the rapid vestigialization of wings themselves (4, 5), and represent a neurobiological parallel to the convergent phenotypic shifts seen under sharp selective gradients in other systems (e.g. parallel loss of vision in diverse cave fauna (6)). Our study provides the first direct evidence for the hypothesis that flight poses a selective pressure on the speed of olfactory receptor neurons. Our findings also emphasize the energetic costs of rapid olfaction, and the key role of natural selection in shaping dramatic neurobiological shifts.Significance StatementFlying insects move fast and have therefore evolved exceptionally quick-acting sensory systems. The speed with which such neurobiological shifts can evolve, however, remains unclear. Under the ‘use it or lose it’ hypothesis, loss of flight should lead to degradation of this fast sensory processing ability. We test for evolutionary reductions in olfactory acuity linked to flight loss, through neurobiological comparisons of flightless versus flighted lineages within a wing-polymorphic insect. Our analyses reveal that newly wing-reduced populations have substantially degraded olfactory acuity, with parallel reductions in this sensory ability detected in independently flightless lineages. These findings reveal that flight poses strong selective pressure for rapid olfaction, and highlight the potential of natural selection in rapidly shaping adaptive shifts in animal sensory systems.

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