scholarly journals Enterobacter sp. AA26 as a Protein Source in the Larval Diet of Drosophila suzukii

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Katerina Nikolouli ◽  
Fabiana Sassù ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Christian Stauffer ◽  
Carlos Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

The Spotted-Wing Drosophila fly, Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive pest species infesting major agricultural soft fruits. Drosophila suzukii management is currently based on insecticide applications that bear major concerns regarding their efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an efficient and friendly to the environment pest control method that has been suggested for the D. suzukii population control. Successful SIT applications require mass-rearing of the strain to produce competitive and of high biological quality males that will be sterilized and consequently released in the wild. Recent studies have suggested that insect gut symbionts can be used as a protein source for Ceratitis capitata larval diet and replace the expensive brewer’s yeast. In this study, we exploited Enterobacter sp. AA26 as partial and full replacement of inactive brewer’s yeast in the D. suzukii larval diet and assessed several fitness parameters. Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass proved to be an inadequate nutritional source in the absence of brewer’s yeast and resulted in significant decrease in pupal weight, survival under food and water starvation, fecundity, and adult recovery.

scholarly journals Enterobacter sp. AA26 gut symbiont as a protein source for Mediterranean fruit fly mass-rearing and sterile insect technique applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Kyritsis ◽  
Antonios A. Augustinos ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Nikos T. Papadopoulos ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Abstract Background Insect species have established sophisticated symbiotic associations with diverse groups of microorganisms including bacteria which have been shown to affect several aspects of their biology, physiology, ecology and evolution. In addition, recent studies have shown that insect symbionts, including those localized in the gastrointestinal tract, can be exploited for the enhancement of sterile insect technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. We previously showed that Enterobacter sp. AA26 can be used as probiotic supplement in medfly larval diet improving the productivity and accelerating the development of the VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain (GSS), which is currently used in large scale operational SIT programs worldwide. Results Enterobacter sp. AA26 was an adequate nutritional source for C. capitata larvae, comprising an effective substitute for brewer’s yeast. Incorporating inactive bacterial cells in the larval diet conferred a number of substantial beneficial effects on medfly biology. The consumption of bacteria-based diet (either as full or partial yeast replacement) resulted in decreased immature stages mortality, accelerated immature development, increased pupal weight, and elongated the survival under stress conditions. Moreover, neither the partial nor the complete replacement of yeast with Enterobacter sp. AA26 had significant impact on adult sex ratio, females’ fecundity, adults’ flight ability and males’ mating competitiveness. The absence of both yeast and Enterobacter sp. AA26 (deprivation of protein source and possible other important nutrients) from the larval diet detrimentally affected the larval development, survival and elongated the immature developmental duration. Conclusions Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass can fully replace the brewer’s yeast as a protein source in medfly larval diet without any effect on the productivity and the biological quality of reared medfly of VIENNA 8 GSS as assessed by the FAO/IAEA/USDA standard quality control tests. We discuss this finding in the context of mass-rearing and SIT applications.

Yeast derivatives and wheat germ in the adult diet modulates fecundity in a tephritid pest

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Goane ◽  
P.M. Pereyra ◽  
F. Castro ◽  
M.J. Ruiz ◽  
M.L. Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Adult Diet ◽  
Ovary Maturation

AbstractAnastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a pest of great economic importance in South America, needs urgently to be controlled by environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique for which mass rearing of insects is required. Because oogenesis takes place during the adult stage, mass-rearing facilities should provide the females a diet that maximizes egg production at the lowest cost. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of artificial protein sources in the adult diet (yeast derivatives of different cost but with similar amino acids profiles, and the addition of wheat germ) on fecundity. Additionally, we evaluated different ratios of yeast derivatives or wheat germ on ovary maturation, fecundity, and fertility as well as their association with the nutrient content of females. Females fed hydrolyzed yeast and yeast extract attained the highest fecundity level, and those fed brewer's yeast the lowest. Reducing the amount of hydrolyzed yeast, an expensive protein source, in the diet negatively affected fecundity and ovary maturation. Increasing the amount of brewer's yeast, a low-cost protein source, did not favor fecundity. The addition of wheat germ in the adult diet improved fecundity regardless of the yeast derivate considered. Percentage of egg hatch was not affected by the diet. Nutrient content of A. fraterculus females varied according to the adult diet provided and mating status. Our findings provide novel baseline information to understand the role of nutrition on reproductive performance of A. fraterculus females and are discussed in the context of resource allocation. They also provide valuable advances in the search for cost-effective adult diets at fruit fly mass rearing facilities.

scholarly journals Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila suzukii

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen T. Alkema ◽  
Marcel Dicke ◽  
Bregje Wertheim
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Context Dependence ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge

Sustainable pest control requires a systems approach, based on a thorough ecological understanding of an agro-ecosystem. Such fundamental understanding provides a basis for developing strategies to manipulate the pest’s behaviour, distribution, and population dynamics, to be employed for crop protection. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge required for the development of an effective push-pull approach. Push-pull is a strategy to repel a pest from a crop, while attracting it toward an external location. It often relies on infochemicals (e.g., pheromones or allelochemicals) that are relevant in the ecology of the pest insect and can be exploited as lure or repellent. Importantly, responsiveness of insects to infochemicals is dependent on both the insect’s internal physiological state and external environmental conditions. This context-dependency reflects the integration of cues from different sensory modalities, the effect of mating and/or feeding status, as well as diurnal or seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, when the costs of responding to an infochemical outweigh the benefits, resistance can rapidly evolve. Here, we argue that profound knowledge on context-dependence is important for the development and implementation of push-pull approaches. We illustrate this by discussing the relevant fundamental knowledge on the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii as an example.

Nutritional developmental history and its consequences for reproductive success in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Young ◽  
Tristan A.F. Long
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Invasive Pest Species

AbstractThe characteristics of the juvenile developmental environment of an individual can have many important consequences for their adult reproductive success as it may shape the development and expression of phenotypes that are relevant to the later operation of sexual selection. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an economically important invasive pest species that lays its eggs in many types of soft fruits and potentially experiences large intrapopulation spatial and temporal variation in its nutritional developmental environments. Here, we examine whether the larval nutritional developmental environment influences D. suzukii mate choice, egg production, and offspring performance. Using D. suzukii raised on diets differing in their nutritional quality, we examined mating preferences, fecundity, and offspring survivorship in “no-choice,” “female choice,” and “male choice” reproductive contexts. We found evidence for both adaptive and nonadaptive mate choice behaviours associated with the phenotypes of D. suzukii that had developed in different nutritional environments. These results reveal the complex nature of the relationship between the developmental environment and individual reproductive success in D. suzukii, which has important potential implications for future management plans involving this species.

scholarly journals Behavioral and genomic sensory adaptations underlying the pest activity of Drosophila suzukii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. Durkin ◽  
Mahul Chakraborty ◽  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Kyle M. Lewald ◽  
Alice Gadau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Sensory Adaptations

ABSTRACTStudying how novel phenotypes originate and evolve is fundamental to the field of evolutionary biology as it allows us to understand how organismal diversity is generated and maintained. However, determining the basis of novel phenotypes is challenging as it involves orchestrated changes at multiple biological levels. Here, we aim to overcome this challenge by using a comparative species framework combining behavioral, gene expression, and genomic analyses to understand the evolutionary novel egg-laying substrate-choice behavior of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii. First, we used egg-laying behavioral assays to understand the evolution of ripe fruit oviposition preference in D. suzukii as compared to closely related species D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes, as well as D. melanogaster. We show that D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes lay eggs on both ripe and rotten fruits, suggesting that the transition to ripe fruit preference was gradual. Secondly, using two-choice oviposition assays, we studied how D. suzukii, D. subpulchrella, D. biarmipes and D. melanogaster differentially process key sensory cues distinguishing ripe from rotten fruit during egg-laying. We found that D. suzukii’s preference for ripe fruit is in part mediated through a species-specific preference for stiff substrates. Lastly, we sequenced and annotated a high-quality genome for D. subpulchrella. Using comparative genomic approaches, we identified candidate genes involved in D. suzukii’s ability to seek out and target ripe fruits. Our results provide detail to the stepwise evolution of pest activity in D. suzukii, indicating important cues used by this species when finding a host, and the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying their adaptation to a new ecological niche.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE BITTERNESS AND SENSORY TASTE IN PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE FROM SPENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4A) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

Spent brewer’s yeast, obtained after the main fermentation stage, is a rich- in-protein source (protein content accounts for 48 - 50 % dry matter). In order to use efficiently this protein source for using in food industry, it was hydrolysed by different methods into mixtures of peptides and amino acids. So that it has a wide range of applications in food. It can be used as emulsifying agents in a number of applications such as salad dressings, spreads, ice cream, coffee whitener, cracker, and meat products like sausages. However, bitterness in hydrolysates is one of the major undesirable aspects for various applications in food processing. In this study, influences of factors (E/S ratio, pH and temperature) on bitterness of hydrolysate were studied to choose the best hydrolysis conditions by using flavourzyme, alcalase and neutrase. The bitterness of hydrolysate was determined by intensity sensory method (using quinine standard) and amino acid content was analysed by HPLC method. The result showed that bitterness of brewer’s yeast hydrolysate by flavourzyme is the lowest and that by neutrase is the highest. In particular, the bitterness of hydrolysates have reached values of  15.2–40.42 µmol quinine/l (FH - flavourzyme hydrolysate), 21–64.99 µmol quinine/l (AH - alcalase hydrolysate) and 34.62–64.26 µmol quinine/l (NH - neutrase hydrolysate), respectively. The hydrolysis conditions in using flavourzyme were chosen at 50 oC, pH 7, E/S ratio 7.1U/g and in using alcalase - at 55 oC, pH 8, ratio E/S 7.2 U/g, respectively. At this conditions, bitterness reached values 15.44 µmol quinine/l (in FH) and 21.16 µmol quinine/l (in AH).

Mass Rearing, Quality Parameters, and Bioconversion in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for Sterile Insect Technique Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marysol Aceituno-Medina ◽  
Alicia Ordoñez ◽  
Morfa Carrasco ◽  
Pablo Montoya ◽  
Emilio Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Abstract The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, has emerged as a major invasive insect pest of small and stone fruits in both the Americas and Europe in the last decade. Females oviposit in ripening fruit, and significant economic losses can occur. Control measures are mainly associated with the use of pesticides, but the sterile insect technique (SIT), an ecologically friendly pest-specific method, could be used against this species. The objective of this study was to estimate the mass rearing, quality control parameters, and bioconversion using four artificial larval diets and their economic aspects oriented to the SIT application. Diets were based on the combination of coconut fiber, corncob powder, Brewer’s and Torula yeast and were used as oviposition substrate and larval development. We found that a life cycle is completed in 10.19 ± 0.35 d and that adults live an average of 33.67 ± 0.76 d. The highest number of pupae per gram of diet and the maximum bioconversion (6%) were associated with flies developed in the coconut fiber + Brewer’s yeast diet. Under our conditions, the establishment of D. suzukii required at least four generations. The use of 30 × 40 × 30 cm Plexiglas cages, each loaded with 5,000 adults and stocked with 500 g of coconut fiber and Brewer’s yeast diet distributed in 15 × 5 × 10 cm plastic trays with a diet layer 3-cm thick, allows a minimum production of 84,000 pupae of D. suzukii per day.

scholarly journals Potential of a fly gut microbiota incorporated gel-based larval diet for rearing Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuza Khan ◽  
Kajla Seheli ◽  
Md. Abdul Bari ◽  
Nahida Sultana ◽  
Shakil Ahmed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Egg Hatching

Abstract Background The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an important polyphagous pest of horticultural produce. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a proven control method against many insect pests, including fruit flies, under area-wide pest management programs. High quality mass-rearing process and the cost-effective production of sterile target species are important for SIT. Irradiation is reported to cause severe damage to the symbiotic community structure in the mid gut of fruit fly species, impairing SIT success. However, studies have found that target-specific manipulation of insect gut bacteria can positively impact the overall fitness of SIT-specific insects. Results Twelve bacterial genera were isolated and identified from B. dorsalis eggs, third instars larval gut and adults gut. The bacterial genera were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Proteus, and Stenotrophomonas, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Larval diet enrichment with the selected bacterial isolate, Proteus sp. was found to improve adult emergence, percentage of male, and survival under stress. However, no significant changes were recorded in B. dorsalis egg hatching, pupal yield, pupal weight, duration of the larval stage, or flight ability. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that gut bacterial isolates can be used in conjunction with SIT. The newly developed gel-based larval diet incorporated with Proteus sp. isolates can be used for large-scale mass rearing of B. dorsalis in the SIT program.

scholarly journals Behavioral and genomic sensory adaptations underlying the pest activity of Drosophila suzukii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M Durkin ◽  
Mahul Chakraborty ◽  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Kyle M Lewald ◽  
Alice Gadau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Sensory Adaptations

Abstract Studying how novel phenotypes originate and evolve is fundamental to the field of evolutionary biology as it allows us to understand how organismal diversity is generated and maintained. However, determining the basis of novel phenotypes is challenging as it involves orchestrated changes at multiple biological levels. Here, we aim to overcome this challenge by using a comparative species framework combining behavioral, gene expression, and genomic analyses to understand the evolutionary novel egg-laying substrate-choice behavior of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii. First, we used egg-laying behavioral assays to understand the evolution of ripe fruit oviposition preference in D. suzukii as compared to closely related species D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes, as well as D. melanogaster. We show that D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes lay eggs on both ripe and rotten fruits, suggesting that the transition to ripe fruit preference was gradual. Secondly, using two-choice oviposition assays, we studied how D. suzukii, D. subpulchrella, D. biarmipes and D. melanogaster differentially process key sensory cues distinguishing ripe from rotten fruit during egg-laying. We found that D. suzukii’s preference for ripe fruit is in part mediated through a species-specific preference for stiff substrates. Lastly, we sequenced and annotated a high-quality genome for D. subpulchrella. Using comparative genomic approaches, we identified candidate genes involved in D. suzukii’s ability to seek out and target ripe fruits. Our results provide detail to the stepwise evolution of pest activity in D. suzukii, indicating important cues used by this species when finding a host, and the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying their adaptation to a new ecological niche.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document