Yeast derivatives and wheat germ in the adult diet modulates fecundity in a tephritid pest

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Goane ◽  
P.M. Pereyra ◽  
F. Castro ◽  
M.J. Ruiz ◽  
M.L. Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Adult Diet ◽  
Ovary Maturation

AbstractAnastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a pest of great economic importance in South America, needs urgently to be controlled by environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique for which mass rearing of insects is required. Because oogenesis takes place during the adult stage, mass-rearing facilities should provide the females a diet that maximizes egg production at the lowest cost. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of artificial protein sources in the adult diet (yeast derivatives of different cost but with similar amino acids profiles, and the addition of wheat germ) on fecundity. Additionally, we evaluated different ratios of yeast derivatives or wheat germ on ovary maturation, fecundity, and fertility as well as their association with the nutrient content of females. Females fed hydrolyzed yeast and yeast extract attained the highest fecundity level, and those fed brewer's yeast the lowest. Reducing the amount of hydrolyzed yeast, an expensive protein source, in the diet negatively affected fecundity and ovary maturation. Increasing the amount of brewer's yeast, a low-cost protein source, did not favor fecundity. The addition of wheat germ in the adult diet improved fecundity regardless of the yeast derivate considered. Percentage of egg hatch was not affected by the diet. Nutrient content of A. fraterculus females varied according to the adult diet provided and mating status. Our findings provide novel baseline information to understand the role of nutrition on reproductive performance of A. fraterculus females and are discussed in the context of resource allocation. They also provide valuable advances in the search for cost-effective adult diets at fruit fly mass rearing facilities.

scholarly journals Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae powder as a larval diet ingredient for mass-rearing Aedes mosquitoes

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadaka Mamai ◽  
Nanwintoum Sévérin Bimbilé Somda ◽  
Hamidou Maiga ◽  
Anna Konczal ◽  
Thomas Wallner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Female Body Size

The mass production of mosquitoes is becoming more wide-spread due to the increased application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) and other genetic control programmes. Due to the variable availability and high cost of the bovine liver powder (BLP) constituent of many current larval diets, there is an urgent demand for new ingredients in order to support sustainable and efficient mosquito production while reducing rearing cost, without affecting the quality of the insects produced. Two black soldier fly (BSF) powder-based diet formulations (50% tuna meal, 35% BSF powder, 15% brewer’s yeast and 50% tuna meal + 50% BSF powder) were tested for their suitability to support the development of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes in mass-rearing conditions. Overall, the results indicate that the use of the BSF powder did not negatively impact the development and quality of the produced insects in terms of time to pupation, adult production and male flight ability. Furthermore, depending on the species and diet formulations, there were improvements in some parameters such as female body size, egg production, egg hatch rate and male longevity. BSF powder is a valuable ingredient that can effectively replace costly BLP for the mass production of high quality Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Both diet formulations can be used for Ae. aegypti showing high plasticity to nutrition sources. However, for Ae. albopictus we recommend the combination including brewer’s yeast.

scholarly journals Enterobacter sp. AA26 gut symbiont as a protein source for Mediterranean fruit fly mass-rearing and sterile insect technique applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Kyritsis ◽  
Antonios A. Augustinos ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Nikos T. Papadopoulos ◽  
Kostas Bourtzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Abstract Background Insect species have established sophisticated symbiotic associations with diverse groups of microorganisms including bacteria which have been shown to affect several aspects of their biology, physiology, ecology and evolution. In addition, recent studies have shown that insect symbionts, including those localized in the gastrointestinal tract, can be exploited for the enhancement of sterile insect technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests such as the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) Ceratitis capitata. We previously showed that Enterobacter sp. AA26 can be used as probiotic supplement in medfly larval diet improving the productivity and accelerating the development of the VIENNA 8 genetic sexing strain (GSS), which is currently used in large scale operational SIT programs worldwide. Results Enterobacter sp. AA26 was an adequate nutritional source for C. capitata larvae, comprising an effective substitute for brewer’s yeast. Incorporating inactive bacterial cells in the larval diet conferred a number of substantial beneficial effects on medfly biology. The consumption of bacteria-based diet (either as full or partial yeast replacement) resulted in decreased immature stages mortality, accelerated immature development, increased pupal weight, and elongated the survival under stress conditions. Moreover, neither the partial nor the complete replacement of yeast with Enterobacter sp. AA26 had significant impact on adult sex ratio, females’ fecundity, adults’ flight ability and males’ mating competitiveness. The absence of both yeast and Enterobacter sp. AA26 (deprivation of protein source and possible other important nutrients) from the larval diet detrimentally affected the larval development, survival and elongated the immature developmental duration. Conclusions Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass can fully replace the brewer’s yeast as a protein source in medfly larval diet without any effect on the productivity and the biological quality of reared medfly of VIENNA 8 GSS as assessed by the FAO/IAEA/USDA standard quality control tests. We discuss this finding in the context of mass-rearing and SIT applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of diets for rearing the larvae of Mediterranean fruit fly: nutritional and economic aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Daniela Ribeiro da Costa ◽  
Suzany Aguiar Leite ◽  
Ana Elizabete Lopes Ribeiro ◽  
Iara Sordi Joachim-Bravo ◽  
Aldenise Alves Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
The Mediterranean

The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the main pest of fruit crops worldwide due to its broad distribution, direct damages, and adaptation to different hosts. Developing diets for the rearing fruit flies is essential for integrated management of this pest. Mass rearing of parasitoids, selection of preferred hosts, and mass rearing of genetically modified C. capitata strains subsidize methods of biological control, cultural control, and the sterile insect technique (SIT), respectively, depending directly on the mass rearing of the Mediterranean fruit fly. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of artificial diets for rearing C. capitata larvae considering the cost of those most appropriate diets. Nine diets containing different combinations of protein and energy sources (brewer’s yeast, yeast extract, pollen, soybean extract, oatmeal, corn meal, and wheat germ) were formulated. The parameters immature development time (hatching), pupal viability (emerged adults), size and weight of pupae, and adult size (wing length) were assessed. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature (26 ± 1 °C) and relative humidity (70% ± 10%). Statistical analysis was performed by using ANOVA with the Tukey’s test for comparison of means. Diets based on oatmeal and soybean extract, both added with brewer’s yeast, yeast extract, or pollen satisfactorily meet the nutritional requirements of C. capitata. Moreover, diets enriched with brewer’s yeast or yeast extract presented the lowest costs; therefore, they could be used in a continuous mass-scale rearing of C. capitata. Diets based on corn meal and soybean extract, both associated with brewer’s yeast, yeast extract, or pollen are more economical, but they should not be used for rearing C. capitata because they decrease the percentage of hatching and extend life cycle. Diets based on wheat germ and oatmeal, both added with brewer’s yeast, yeast extract, or pollen are not adequate for rearing C. capitata.

Fresh brewer's yeast slurry as a supplementary nitrogen source for cattle given native pasture hay or grain-based diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Hennessy ◽  
PJ Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Protein Levels

Two experiments evaluated brewer's yeast slurry [mean (� s.d.) dry matter (DM) 9.7 � 3.8% and nitrogen (N) content 45.6 � 19.5 gkg DM] as a source of dietary protein for steers on a low N hay diet (experiment 1) and as a low cost supply of protein in a feedlot diet (experiment 2). Experiment 1 was an attempt to improve the N supply to rumen microflora, and total protein to the intestine. There was no improvement in liveweight gain of steers, or in their feed conversion efficiency (FCE), when up to 4.4 kg of yeast slurry (i.e. 423 g DM) was added to the basal diet. Mean (� s.e.) liveweight gain of non-supplemented steers was 402 f 13 1 g/day, with a mean (� s.e.m.) FCE of 12.2 � 1.9 kg DM intake/kg liveweight gain. There was a significant (P<0.05) improvement in liveweight gain (714 g/day) and FCE (7.8 kg DM intake/kg liveweight gain) when cottonseed meal, included as a positive control treatment, was added to the hay diet; however, N intake was higher in this diet (97.7 g/day) than in those based on yeast slurry (range 43.6-62.3 g/day). Experiment 2 was designed to assess the suitability of yeast slurry for replacing cottonseed meal and lucerne chaff as a protein source in grain-based feedlot diets. Yeast slurry did not significantly increase liveweight gain of steers, but when 1 diet with 61% yeast slurry (percentage fed, range 0-71.4%) was excluded from the evaluation, increased dietary proportions of yeast were associated with increased liveweight gains (r = 0.99) and carcass yield (r = 0.89). The range in slurry DM contents (4.8-15.6%) required close monitoring, with daily changes made to the amounts of slurry offered to maintain dietary N and protein levels in the experiments. This range would make it difficult for commercial feed compounders to produce a diet of consistent quality.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE BITTERNESS AND SENSORY TASTE IN PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE FROM SPENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4A) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Yeast Hydrolysate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions

Spent brewer’s yeast, obtained after the main fermentation stage, is a rich- in-protein source (protein content accounts for 48 - 50 % dry matter). In order to use efficiently this protein source for using in food industry, it was hydrolysed by different methods into mixtures of peptides and amino acids. So that it has a wide range of applications in food. It can be used as emulsifying agents in a number of applications such as salad dressings, spreads, ice cream, coffee whitener, cracker, and meat products like sausages. However, bitterness in hydrolysates is one of the major undesirable aspects for various applications in food processing. In this study, influences of factors (E/S ratio, pH and temperature) on bitterness of hydrolysate were studied to choose the best hydrolysis conditions by using flavourzyme, alcalase and neutrase. The bitterness of hydrolysate was determined by intensity sensory method (using quinine standard) and amino acid content was analysed by HPLC method. The result showed that bitterness of brewer’s yeast hydrolysate by flavourzyme is the lowest and that by neutrase is the highest. In particular, the bitterness of hydrolysates have reached values of  15.2–40.42 µmol quinine/l (FH - flavourzyme hydrolysate), 21–64.99 µmol quinine/l (AH - alcalase hydrolysate) and 34.62–64.26 µmol quinine/l (NH - neutrase hydrolysate), respectively. The hydrolysis conditions in using flavourzyme were chosen at 50 oC, pH 7, E/S ratio 7.1U/g and in using alcalase - at 55 oC, pH 8, ratio E/S 7.2 U/g, respectively. At this conditions, bitterness reached values 15.44 µmol quinine/l (in FH) and 21.16 µmol quinine/l (in AH).

Mass Rearing, Quality Parameters, and Bioconversion in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for Sterile Insect Technique Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marysol Aceituno-Medina ◽  
Alicia Ordoñez ◽  
Morfa Carrasco ◽  
Pablo Montoya ◽  
Emilio Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Sterile Insect Technique ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Abstract The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, has emerged as a major invasive insect pest of small and stone fruits in both the Americas and Europe in the last decade. Females oviposit in ripening fruit, and significant economic losses can occur. Control measures are mainly associated with the use of pesticides, but the sterile insect technique (SIT), an ecologically friendly pest-specific method, could be used against this species. The objective of this study was to estimate the mass rearing, quality control parameters, and bioconversion using four artificial larval diets and their economic aspects oriented to the SIT application. Diets were based on the combination of coconut fiber, corncob powder, Brewer’s and Torula yeast and were used as oviposition substrate and larval development. We found that a life cycle is completed in 10.19 ± 0.35 d and that adults live an average of 33.67 ± 0.76 d. The highest number of pupae per gram of diet and the maximum bioconversion (6%) were associated with flies developed in the coconut fiber + Brewer’s yeast diet. Under our conditions, the establishment of D. suzukii required at least four generations. The use of 30 × 40 × 30 cm Plexiglas cages, each loaded with 5,000 adults and stocked with 500 g of coconut fiber and Brewer’s yeast diet distributed in 15 × 5 × 10 cm plastic trays with a diet layer 3-cm thick, allows a minimum production of 84,000 pupae of D. suzukii per day.

The Optimum Diet of Spray-Dried Animal Blood Cells as Protein Source for Adult Screwworms (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustin Sagel ◽  
Dennis R. Berkebile ◽  
John E. Foster ◽  
Steven R. Skoda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Corn Syrup ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Spray Dried

Spray-dried animal blood cells were evaluated as a protein source for mass rearing adult screwworms, Cochliomyia hominiorax Coquerel. Males and females were fed control diets of either a corn syrup carrageenan-gelled diet (Control 1) or corn syrup carrageenan-gelled diet plus 0.05% vitamins (Control 2). Three tests compared these control diets with eight concentrations of protein similarly formulated as the Control 2: 0.16, 0.20 or 0.24% (Test 1), 2, 4 or 6% (Test 2) and 1.25, 2.0 or 2.75% (Test 3). Differences in mean egg production, mortality, fertility and egg hatch were not significant (P = 0.05) in Test 1. The higher concentrations of protein in Test 2, concentrations of 2 and 4% protein laid significantly greater number of eggs than those fed the control diets or 6% protein. In Test 3, flies fed protein laid more eggs than did those fed the control diets. A diet of 2% protein from spray-dried-animal blood cells for may be used as an alternative to the diet used for rearing adult screwworms.

scholarly journals Enterobacter sp. AA26 as a Protein Source in the Larval Diet of Drosophila suzukii

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Katerina Nikolouli ◽  
Fabiana Sassù ◽  
Spyridon Ntougias ◽  
Christian Stauffer ◽  
Carlos Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

The Spotted-Wing Drosophila fly, Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive pest species infesting major agricultural soft fruits. Drosophila suzukii management is currently based on insecticide applications that bear major concerns regarding their efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is an efficient and friendly to the environment pest control method that has been suggested for the D. suzukii population control. Successful SIT applications require mass-rearing of the strain to produce competitive and of high biological quality males that will be sterilized and consequently released in the wild. Recent studies have suggested that insect gut symbionts can be used as a protein source for Ceratitis capitata larval diet and replace the expensive brewer’s yeast. In this study, we exploited Enterobacter sp. AA26 as partial and full replacement of inactive brewer’s yeast in the D. suzukii larval diet and assessed several fitness parameters. Enterobacter sp. AA26 dry biomass proved to be an inadequate nutritional source in the absence of brewer’s yeast and resulted in significant decrease in pupal weight, survival under food and water starvation, fecundity, and adult recovery.

scholarly journals Influência da alimentação de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) no desenvolvimento de Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Gilmar da Silva Nunes ◽  
Izabela Thais Fidelis Alves Da Silva ◽  
Vinícius de Oliveira Barbosa ◽  
Thais Aparecida Vitoriano Dantas ◽  
Robério de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Ephestia Kuehniella ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Anagasta Kuehniella ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Biological Development

Resumo. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento biológico das fases imaturas de Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen alimentada com ovos de Ephestia kueniella Zeller submetida a diferentes dietas com ingredientes em diferentes concentrações (%): Farinha de milho (50%) + Farinha de trigo (50%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de milho transgênico (fubá) (50%) + Farinha de Trigo (50%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de rosca (97%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de rosca (48,5%) + Farinha de trigo (48,5%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de arroz (97%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de arroz (48,5%) + Farinha de trigo (48,5%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de aveia (97%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%); Farinha de aveia (48,5%) + Farinha de trigo (48,5%) + Lêvedo de cerveja (3%). Avaliaram-se os períodos de cada estádio larval, larval completo, pré-pupa+pupa, larva-adulto, razão sexual, viabilidades larval e pupal. Dietas com farinha de aveia para a traçapromovem maior tempo para o predador alcançar a fase adulta, com farinha de arroz baixa razão sexual e com farinha de rosca baixa viabilidade pupal. Dietas contendo farinha de milho são as mais recomendadas para E. kuehniella, visando à criação de C. cubana.Influence of feeding of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on development of Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)Abstract. Aimed to evaluate the biological development of Ceraeochrysa cubana Hagen immature stages fed on eggs of the mothsubmitted to different food substrates with ingredients on different concentrations (%): Corn flour (50%) + Wheat flour (50%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Transgenic corn flour (50%) + Wheat flour (50%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Breadcrumbs (97%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Breadcrumbs (48.5%) + Wheat flour (48.5%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Rice flour (97%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Rice flour (48.5%) + Wheat flour (48.5 %) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Oatmeal (97%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%); Oatmeal (48.5%) + Wheat flour (48.5%) + Brewer’s yeast (3%). We evaluated the period of each larval stage, complete larval period, pre pupal+pupal period, and larva to adulthood period, larval and pupal feasibility. Diets with oatmeal provided for moth promote greater time for the predator reach adulthood, with rice flour low sex ratio and with breadcrumbs low pupal feasibility. Diets formulated with corn flours + brewer’s yeast are most recommended for Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, aiming C. cubana mass rearing.

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