scholarly journals Prevalence, Distribution, and Molecular Record of Four Hard Ticks from Livestock in the United Arab Emirates

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Nighat Perveen ◽  
Sabir Bin Muzaffar ◽  
Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Ticks are important arthropod vectors that serve as reservoirs of pathogens. Rapid urbanization and changes in animal breeding practices could be causing a rise in tick burden on animals. Studies on tick distribution on livestock and tick molecular diversity from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are limited. The aim of this study was to (i) provide molecular and morphological identification of tick species, (ii) compare tick infestation between different hosts, (iii) compare tick infestation in relation to the sex of the host, and (iv) assess the prevalence of tick species on hosts. A total of 5950 ticks were collected from camels (4803 ticks), cows (651 ticks), goats (219 ticks), and sheep (277 ticks). Ticks were identified based on morphological characters at the species level using taxonomic keys. In addition, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes was used to identify ticks. Four species were confirmed based on molecular and morphological characterization, namely, Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma anatolicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and Amblyomma lepidum. Hyalomma dromedarii (94.3%) was the most abundant species, followed by H. anatolicum (32.8%). Camels were heavily infested (94%) with ticks as compared to cows (38%), sheep (37%), and goats (14%). Widespread occurrence of these four tick species in the UAE poses a risk of spreading tick-borne pathogens wherever the conditions of infection prevail.

Identification of tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Habibullah ◽  
Muhammad Mubeen ◽  
Ghulam Jelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum

Ticks are blood-feeding obligate ectoparasites that belong to order Arachnida with three main families (Ixodidae, Argasidae, and Nuttalleillidae). Ticks transmit viral, bacterial, and zoonotic diseases in humans, and animals (wild and domestic). Ticks directly and indirectly affect the livestock industry which plays an important role in the rural economy of Pakistan. These are the main source of income and a source of food for poor people. The current study was conducted to identify the tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan. For this purpose, different farms were randomly visited and 130 ticks were collected from 200 scanned animals.  The collected ticks were identified to species level using morphological keys. In the current study, four tick species were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma anatolicum, and Dermacentor marginatus were identified. The most dominant species were Hy. anatolicum (35.39%) followed by R. sanguineus (30.00%), Hy. marginatum (23.85%) and D. marginatus (10.77%). Hy. anatolicum was the predominant tick species and accounted for 35.39% of the ticks. Tick infestation was highest in buffaloes followed by cows, sheep, and goats. Tail and ear were the most preferable sites for tick infestation than other body parts.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterisation using 16S rRNA and COI Gene Sequences in Hard Ticks of Gwalior, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Pooja Ghosh ◽  
Sachin Tikar ◽  
Mahendra K. Gupta ◽  
D Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Global Threat

Tick infestation in humans and animals represents a global threat for different tick-borne diseases. In the present study, the ticks from the Gwalior region of India have been mapped to create a database of tick diversity. We explored 773 ticks collected from domestic animals and vegetation in Gwalior. Animals were screened visually, and ticks were collected manually, whereas the flag-drag method was used to collect ticks from the vegetation. The 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes of tick samples were amplified and purified for sequencing and respective phylogenetic trees were constructed. The ticks were morphologically identified using taxonomical keys, revealing the presence of five genera in the region: Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, and Nosomma. Hyalomma spp. (Hy. annatolicum and Hy. marginatum) were the most abundant accounting for 69.598% of the total sample, followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (17.335%), Rhipicephalus microplus (7.115%), Haemaphysalis sp. (5.692%), and Nosomma monstrotum (0.258%). The tick sequences were submitted to the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the morphological identification at the species level. The combination of molecular and morphological analyses of the ticks supported the result obtained with each method, thus providing more reliable estimates for continued surveillance studies.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with tick infestations on equids in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with notes on Rickettsia massiliae detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Ali ◽  
Hafsa Zahid ◽  
Ismail Zeb ◽  
Muhammad Tufail ◽  
Sulaiman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Rickettsia Massiliae ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Studies on ticks infesting equids are lacking in various parts of the world, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of ticks infesting equids, associated risk factors and rickettsial detection in ticks from equids in KP. Methods Inspection of 404 equid hosts from November 2018 to October 2019 resulted in the collection of 550 ticks. Data on tick-associated risk factors were collected from equid owners by means of a questionnaire. After morphological identification, partial DNA sequences of the tick mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were used for taxonomic confirmation of species. Partial sequences of the gltA and ompA genes were used for Rickettsia detection in ticks. Results A total of 550 tick specimens were collected on 324 (80.2%) of the equids inspected, of which 161 were horses (50%), 145 (45%) were donkeys and 18 were mules (5%). The ticks were identified as belonging to the following five species: Rhipicephalus microplus (341 specimens, 62% of the total ticks), Rh. haemaphysaloides (126, 23%), Rh. turanicus (39, 7%), Rh. sanguineus (s.l.) (33, 6%) and Hyalomma anatolicum (11, 2%). The most prevalent tick life stage was adult females (279, 51%) followed by adult males (186, 34%) and nymphs (85, 15%). Higher tick infestations were observed on male equids (relative risk [RR] 0.7432, P < 0.0005) and adult equids (RR 1.268, P < 0.0020). Ticks were frequently attached to the axial region of horses (55, 21%), sternum of donkeys (44, 21%) and belly of mules (19, 23%) (P < 0.04). Temporal patterns of tick infestation in association with temperature and humidity were highly significant (P < 0.05). Risk factors, such as animal housing (P < 0.0003), living management (P < 0.006), grazing type (P < 0.01) and location in hilly areas (P < 0.02), significantly enhanced the chances for tick infestation. Tick species analyzed in this study were phylogenetically related to species from Afghanistan, China, South Africa and Taiwan. Partial sequences of the gltA and ompA genes obtained from Rh. microplus and Rh. haemaphysaloides were 100% identical to the spotted fever group pathogen Rickettsia massiliae. Conclusions Equids exposed to significant risk factors were infected by one or more of at least five tick species in KP, Pakistan, and some of the ticks harbored the human pathogen R. massiliae. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Sudan

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Elghali ◽  
S.M. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Coat Colour ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽  
Hyalomma Truncatum ◽  
Hyalomma Marginatum ◽  
Monthly Total ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Group

Monthly total body tick collections from 13-20 camels were conducted for 2 consecutive years (2000-2001) in Northern Sudan. Tick populations were correlated with locality, season, predeliction site, sex and coat colour. Hyalomma dromedarii was found to be the predominant (89 %) tick species infesting the camels. Other tick species found in very low numbers were Hyalomma impeltatum (7.7 %), Hy alomma anatolicum anatolicum (3.3 %), Hyalomma truncatum (0.29 %), Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (0.25 %), Rhipicephalus praetextatus (0.30 %) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (0.09 %). Nymphs of the genus Hyalomma were collected in significant numbers. Adult ticks significantly preferred to attach to the lower parts of the camel's body for feeding while the nymphs preferred the back of the animal.

scholarly journals Difference in tick infestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kheira Lakehal ◽  
Radhwane Saidi ◽  
Farouk Benaceur ◽  
Mohammed Mokhtar Rahmani ◽  
Rachid Kaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Hyalomma Dromedarii ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
Species Specific

The aim of this study was to identify the species and parasitic indices of ticks. A flock of 57 individuals (sheep, goats, cattle and dogs) in southern Algeria was studied from March 2019 to February 2020 during monthly visits. A total of 2544 ticks were collected by examining the entire body of the animal. Two tick species were identified: Hyalomma dromedarii (2430 ticks) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (114 ticks). The first species had annual activity and consisted only of adults, while the second species had spring and summer activity and contained both adults and nymphs. At the annual level, the prevalence of infestation, abundance, and intensity were 38.60%, 44.63 and 115.64 ticks per animal, respectively. At the monthly level there were species specific fluctuations, with a peak in activity in September.

scholarly journals Prevalence of tick species in sheep and goat flocks in areas of southern Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. DIMANOPOULOU ◽  
A. G. STARRAS ◽  
A. DIAKOU ◽  
M. LEFKADITIS ◽  
N. D. GIADINIS
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Dermacentor Marginatus ◽  
Haemaphysalis Punctata ◽  
Southern Greece

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tick prevalence and to identify the species of ticks that parasitise the small ruminant flocks in the prefectures of Achaia (in the geographic region of Peloponnese) and Chania (in the island of Crete). Thirty flocks of goats and sheep were examined for tick parasitism during the period from December 2012 until August 2013. Sixteen of them were in Achaia and the rest 14 in Chania. In total, 84 goats and 148 sheep were examined; from them, 50 goats and 70 sheep in Achaia, and 34 goats and 78 sheep in Chania. The species Dermacentor marginatus was identified in Achaia in 15% of the animals. In Chania the species identified were Haemaphysalis punctata (13%), Hyalomma anatolicum (4.47%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (4.47%) and Ixodes ricinus (3.58%). This is the first study on tick infestation in sheep and goats in Peloponnese and Crete, two areas with large number of small ruminant population and important tradition in small ruminant farming.

scholarly journals Ticks on birds in a savanna (Cerrado) reserve on the outskirts of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile de Oliveira Pascoal ◽  
Marcus do Prado Amorim ◽  
Maria Marlene Martins ◽  
Celine Melo ◽  
Eurípedes Luciano da Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Amblyomma Cajennense ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Natural Reserve

We report tick infestations on birds, in the environment and on domestic animals in a non-forested phytophysiognomy, the savanna-like Cerradosensu stricto, in a natural reserve on the outskirts of the urban area of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Overall, 238 birds within 50 species, 15 families and six orders were caught. Passeriformes were the most numerous, with 216 birds (90.75%), among which 22 had ticks (n = 31). Within this order, the prevalence of tick infestation was 10.2%, and the abundance and mean intensity were 0.14 and 1.41, respectively. Only immature ticks of the species Amblyomma nodosum were found on the birds. The tick species found both on animals (Rhipicephalus sanguineus,Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus, Amblyomma cajennense andDermacentor nitens) and in the environment (Amblyomma dubitatum, Rhipicephalus(B.) microplus andAmblyomma cajennense) were as expected. This difference in tick species between the environment and birds possibly occurred because the sampling of the environment was limited to the ground. This study also highlights the importance of the diverse microenvironments used by ticks and hosts in the same area and the complex ecology of bird-tick relationships. Ecological and epidemiological aspects of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals PSIV-B-39 Late-Breaking: Rhipicephalus sanguineus in domestic canines of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 325-325
Author(s):  
Mario C Rubio Robles ◽  
Idalia Enriquez Verdugo ◽  
Soila M Gaxiola Camacho ◽  
Nohemi Castro del Campo ◽  
Silvia del C Cota Guajardo
Keyword(s):  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract The zoonotic potential of canine vector-borne diseases mainly tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is associated with the strongest evidence of ticks exposed to high temperatures attach and feed on humans faster, suggesting that the risk of human parasitism by Rhipicephalus sanguineus could increase in warm weather areas, such as the state of Sinaloa, Mexico; which increases the risk of transmission of zoonotic agents as such Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme disease, Typhus, Rickettsial, Tularemia, Babesia and Anaplasma impacting on human and canine health; so the aim of this study was genetical characterization of ticks present in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in the city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, Mexico. for it, were collected 240 live ticks present on 120 canines and processed in the Parasitology laboratory of the FMVZ-UAS, after the Morphological identification of Rhipicephalus, were formed 5 groups and the DNA extraction was performed by QIAamp DNA Mini Kit de QIAGEN® and processed by PCR using the oligonucleotide sequences: 16S+1: 5′-CCG GTC TGA ACT CAG ATC AAG T3′ y 16S-1: 5′-GCT CAA TGA TTT TTT AAA TTG CTG T-3′, of the 16S ARNr mitochondrial. The PCR amplification of target region of the the 16S ARNr, from DNA tick samples, resulted amplicons of size 460 bp and the 5 sequences generated and analysed, was genetically compatible with Rhipicephalus sanguineus of the GenBank sequences; being important identification for the association with pathogens and the risk of transmission of canine zoonosis.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the south and east regions of Kazakhstan and northwestern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Yang ◽  
Jin Tong ◽  
Hongyin Ruan ◽  
Meihua Yang ◽  
Chunli Sang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tick Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The South ◽  
Hard Ticks ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Background The Republic of Kazakhstan, located in Central Asia, ranks as the world’s largest landlocked country, and borders five countries including China. There is a 1783 km long borderline between the South and East regions of Kazakhstan and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR, northwestern China). To date, there is no report on the genetic diversity of ticks in these regions. Methods During 2015–2019, a total of 4392 hard ticks (representatives of ten species) were collected from 605 animals (sheep, cattle, camels, dogs and hedgehogs) at 24 sampling sites belonging to 15 districts in southeastern Kazakhstan. After morphological identification, 213 specimens of these ticks were selected for molecular analyses. In addition, 157 hard ticks collected from sheep and camels between 2015 and 2018 in seven districts of XUAR were used for comparison. Following DNA extraction, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene, ranging from 631 bp to 889 bp, was used to analyze genetic diversity among these ticks. Findings: Phylogenetic analyses indicated that i) five tick species including Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis erinacei from Kazakhstan clustered together with conspecific ticks from XUAR; ii) the phylogenetic separation of Dermacentor marginatus from Kazakhstan and XUAR was highly supported; and iii) Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato from Alamaty Oblast was more closely related to a specimen from Iran than to that from XUAR. The network diagram of haplotypes showed that iv) Hy. asiaticum from Almaty and Kyzylorda (Kazakhstan) together with that from Yuli County of XUAR constituted an ancestral haplogroup; and v) three lineages of Rh. turanicus (from Israel, Almaty and South Kazakhstan, as well as from Usu city, Ulugqat and Baicheng Counties of XUAR) might have originated from an ancestral lineage in Alataw city, XUAR. Conclusions These findings indicate that: (i) mitochondrial lineages of some tick species are shared between southern, eastern regions of Kazakhstan and northwestern China; (ii) common evolutionary origin of Hy. asiaticum and Rh. turanicus in these regions might be attributed to historical international trade and movements of wildlife; and (iii) certain tick species show clear differences between Kazakhstan and XUAR, either in terms of abundance (e.g. Hy. scupense, Hy. marginatum) or exhibiting a phylogenetic split between these regions (relevant to D. marginatus).

scholarly journals Evidence of the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and associated ticks in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Elhelw ◽  
M. Elhariri ◽  
D. Hamza ◽  
M. Abuowarda ◽  
E. Ismael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Background Borrelia burgdorferi is the spirochete that causes Lyme Borreliosis (LB), which is a zoonotic tick-borne disease of humans and domestic animals. Hard ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites that serve as vectors of Borrelia burgdorferi. Studies on the presence of Lyme borreliosis in Egyptian animals and associated ticks are scarce. Methods This study was conducted to detect B. burgdorferi in different tick vectors and animal hosts. Three hundred animals (dogs=100, cattle=100, and camels=100) were inspected for tick infestation. Blood samples from 160 tick-infested animals and their associated ticks (n=1025) were collected and examined for the infection with B. burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The identified tick species were characterized molecularly by PCR and sequencing of the ITS2 region. Results The overall tick infestation rate among examined animals was 78.33% (235/300). The rate of infestation was significantly higher in camels (90%), followed by cattle (76%) and dogs (69%); (P = 0.001). Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, and both Hyalomma dromedarii and Amblyomma variegatum, were morphologically identified from infested dogs, cattle, and camels; respectively. Molecular characterization of ticks using the ITS2 region confirmed the morphological identification, as well as displayed high similarities of R. sanguineus, H. dromedarii, and A. Variegatu with ticks identified in Egypt and various continents worldwide. Just one dog (1.67%) and its associated tick pool of R. sanguineus were positive for B. burgdorferi infection. The 16S rRNA gene sequence for B. burgdorferi in dog and R. sanguineus tick pool showed a 100% homology. Conclusion Analyzed data revealed a relatively low rate of B. burgdorferi infection, but a significantly high prevalence of tick infestation among domesticated animals in Egypt, which possesses a potential animal and public health risk. Additionally, molecular characterization of ticks using the ITS2 region was a reliable tool to discriminate species of ticks and confirmed the morphological identification.

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