scholarly journals Grading of Scots Pine Seeds by the Seed Coat Color: How to Optimize the Engineering Parameters of the Mobile Optoelectronic Device

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Arthur I. Novikov ◽  
Vladimir K. Zolnikov ◽  
Tatyana P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Optical Beam ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Separation Degree ◽  
Engineering Parameters ◽  
Forest Seeds

Research Highlights: There is a problem of forest seeds quality assessment and grading afield in minimal costs. The grading quality of each seed coat color class is determined by the degree of its separation with a mobile optoelectronic grader. Background and Objectives: Traditionally, pine seeds are graded in size, but this can lead to a loss of genetic diversity. Seed coat color is individual for each forest seed and is caused to a low error in identifying the genetic features of seedling obtained from it. The principle on which the mobile optoelectronic grader operates is based on the optical signal detection reflected from the single seed. The grader can operate in scientific (spectral band analysis) mode and production (spectral feature grading) mode. When operating in production mode, it is important to determine the optimal engineering parameters of the grader that provide the maximum value of the separation degree of seed-color classes. For this purpose, a run of experiments was conducted on the forest seeds separation using a mobile optoelectronic grader and regression models of the output from factors were obtained. Materials and Methods: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed samples were obtained from cones of the 2019 harvest collected in a natural stand. The study is based on the Design of Experiments theory (DOE) using the Microsoft Excel platform. In each of three replications of each run from the experiment matrix, a mixture of 100 seeds of light, dark and light-dark fraction (n = 300) was used. Results: Interpretation of the obtained regression model of seed separation in the visible wavelength range (650–715 nm) shows that the maximum influence on the output—separation degree—is exerted by the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam. Next in terms of the influence power on the output are paired interactions: combinations of the wavelength with the angle of incidence and the wavelength with the grader’s seed pipe height. The minimum effect on the output is the wavelength of the detecting optical beam. Conclusions: The use of a mobile optoelectronic grader will eliminate the cost of transporting seeds to and from forest seed centers. To achieve a value of 0.97–1.0 separation degree of Scots pine seeds colored fractions, it is necessary to provide the following optimal engineering parameters of the mobile optoelectronic grader: the wavelength of optical radiation is 700 nm, the angle of incidence of the detecting optical beam is 45° and the grader’s seed pipe height is 0.2 m.

scholarly journals Scots Pine Seedlings Growth Dynamics Data Reveals Properties for the Future Proof of Seed Coat Color Grading Conjecture

Data ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novikov ◽  
Ivetić ◽  
Novikova ◽  
Petrishchev
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Color Grading ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
The Future

Seed coat color grading conjecture is also known as Pravdin’s conjecture. To verify the conjecture, we established a long-term field experiment. This data set included unique empirical data of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) container-grown seedlings produced from different seed color grades, outplanted on a post fire site in the Voronezh region, Russia. Variables were provided for 10 rows of 90 samples in each row. These data contribute to our understanding of seed germination and seedlings growth dynamics from size and color gradings of seeds. This structure is the future basis of the Forest Reproductive Material Library (FRMLib) and will be used for assisted migration and forest seed transfer.

scholarly journals Mapping and identification of yellow seed coat color genes in Brassica juncea L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Yellow Seed ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Yellow Seed Coat

Abstract BackgroundYellow seed breeding is an effective method to improve the oil content in rapeseed. Yellow seed coat color formation is influenced by various factors, and no clear mechanisms are known. In this study, Bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) of BC9 population of Wuqi mustard (yellow seed) and Wugong mustard (brown seed) was used to identity the candidate genes controlling the yellow seed color in Brassica juncea L.ResultsYellow seed coat color gene was mapped to chromosome A09, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between brown and yellow bulks enriched in the flavonoid pathway. A significant correlation between the expression of BjF3H and BjTT5 and the content of the seed coat color related indexes was identified. Two intron polymorphism (IP) markers linked to the target gene were developed around BjF3H. Therefore, BjF3H was considered as the candidate gene. The BjF3H coding sequences (CDS) of Wuqi mustard and Wugong mustard are 1071-1077bp, encoding protein of 356-358 amino acids. One amino acid change (254, F/V) was identified in the conserved domain. This mutation site was detected in four Brassica rapa (B. rapa) and six Brassica juncea (B. juncea) lines, but not in Brassica napus (B. napus).ConclusionsThe results indicated BjF3H is a candidate gene that related to yellow seed coat color formation in Brassica juncea and provided a comprehensive understanding of the yellow seed coat color mechanism.

scholarly journals Differences in Alternative Splicing between Yellow and Black-Seeded Rapeseed

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Ai Lin ◽  
Jinqi Ma ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Huanhuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Intron Retention ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory

Yellow seed coat color is a desirable characteristic in rapeseed (Brassica napus), as it is associated with higher oil content and higher quality of meal. Alternative splicing (AS) is a vital post-transcriptional regulatory process contributing to plant cell differentiation and organ development. To identify novel transcripts and differences at the isoform level that are associated with seed color in B. napus, we compared 31 RNA-seq libraries of yellow- and black-seeded B. napus at five different developmental stages. AS events in the different samples were highly similar, and intron retention accounted for a large proportion of the observed AS pattern. AS mainly occurred in the early and middle stage of seed development. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 23 co-expression modules composed of differentially spliced genes, and we picked out two of the modules whose functions were highly associated with seed color. In the two modules, we found candidate DAS (differentially alternative splicing) genes related to the flavonoid pathway, such as TT8 (BnaC09g24870D), TT5 (BnaA09g34840D and BnaC08g26020D), TT12 (BnaC06g17050D and BnaA07g18120D), AHA10 (BnaA08g23220D and BnaC08g17280D), CHI (BnaC09g50050D), BAN (BnaA03g60670D) and DFR (BnaC09g17150D). Gene BnaC03g23650D, encoding RNA-binding family protein, was also identified. The splicing of the candidate genes identified in this study might be used to develop stable, yellow-seeded B. napus. This study provides insight into the formation of seed coat color in B. napus.

scholarly journals Inheritance of seed coat color in sesame

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Laurentin ◽  
Tonis Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Inheritance Mode ◽  
Brown Color

The objective of this work was to determine the inheritance mode of seed coat color in sesame. Two crosses and their reciprocals were performed: UCLA37 x UCV3 and UCLA90 x UCV3, of which UCLA37 and UCLA90 are white seed, and UCV3 is brown seed. Results of reciprocal crosses within each cross were identical: F1 seeds had the same phenotype as the maternal parent, and F2 resulted in the phenotype brown color. These results are consistent only with the model in which the maternal effect is the responsible for this trait. This model was validated by recording the seed coat color of 100 F2 plants (F3 seeds) from each cross with its reciprocal, in which the 3:1 expected ratio for plants producing brown and white seeds was tested with the chi-square test. Sesame seed color is determined by the maternal genotype. Proposed names for the alleles participating in sesame seed coat color are: Sc1, for brown color; and Sc2, for white color; Sc1 is dominant over Sc2.

scholarly journals Impact of seed color and storage time on the radish seed germination and sprout growth in plasma agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Attri ◽  
Kenji Ishikawa ◽  
Takamasa Okumura ◽  
Kazunori Koga ◽  
Masaharu Shiratani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractThe use of low-temperature plasma for the pre-sowing seed treatment is still in the early stage of research; thus, numerous factors affecting germination percentage, seedling growth, and yield remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate how two critical factors, such as harvest year and seed coat color, affect the percentage of germination and seedling growth after plasma treatment. Radish seeds stored for 2 and 1 year after harvesting (harvested in 2017 and 2018) were sorted into two colors (brown and grey) to investigate the plasma effect on harvest year and seed coat color. We analyzed the amounts of seed phytohormones and antioxidant (γ-tocopherol) were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and physical changes were studied using SEM, EDX, and EPR to understand the mechanism of plasma-induced changes in radish seeds. The obtained results revealed that plasma treatment on seeds affects the germination kinetics, and the maximal germination percentage depends on seed color and the time of seed storage after harvest. Through this study, for the first time, we demonstrated that physical and chemical changes in radish seeds after plasma treatment depends upon the seed color and harvest year. Positive effects of plasma treatment on growth are stronger for sprouts from seeds harvested in 2017 than in 2018. The plasma treatment effect on the sprouts germinated from grey seeds effect was stronger than sprouts from brown radish seeds. The amounts of gibberellin A3 and abscisic acid in control seeds strongly depended on the seed color, and plasma induced changes were better in grey seeds harvested in 2017. Therefore, this study reveals that Air scalar-DBD plasma's reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can efficiently accelerate germination and growth in older seeds.

RECOMBINING DORMANCY AND WHITE SEED COLOR IN A SPRING WHEAT CROSS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
T. N. McCAIG
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sprouting Resistance

Wheat, Triticum aestivum, with white seed coat color has traditionally been considered susceptible to sprouting. A study was undertaken to recombine white seed color with resistance to sprouting. RL 4137, a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotype with a long, stable dormancy period and three genes for red seed color, was hybridized with 7722, a white-seeded wheat. In both the F3 and F5 generations a positive relationship existed between red seed color and sprouting resistance (SR). The six white-seeded F3 lines exhibited a range in SR from susceptible to as resistant as some red-seeded control cultivars. The mean SR of two white-seeded F4 families was intermediate to both the red-seeded and white-seeded controls at both T0 (20% grain moisture) and T10 (T0 + 10 days). Some white-seeded F4 lines had lower sprouting at T10 than the red-seeded controls Pitic 62, Neepawa, and Glenlea. The dormancy of six white-seeded F5 families derived from F3 lines was greater than the midparent value. There were significant differences among the white-seeded F5 families for mean dormancy. The results indicate that some of the dormancy of RL 4137 has been recombined with white seed coat color. The evidence suggests that RL 4137 has a genetic mechanism for SR associated with red seed color and one or more mechanisms not associated with seed color.Key words: Triticum aestivum, dormancy, white seed color

INHERITANCE OF SEED COAT COLOR IN BRASSICA JUNCEA

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. VERA ◽  
D. L. WOODS ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Yellow Seed ◽  
Brown Color

The genetics of seed coat color inheritance in Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. were studied. It was concluded that this character is controlled by two duplicate pairs of genes (R1, R2) for brown color, either of which can produce brown seed color when a single dominant allele is present. Yellow seed results when all alleles at both loci are recessive.

scholarly journals Influência da cor do tegumento e da temperatura na germinação e vigor de sementes de Crotalaria ochroleuca L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Adailza Guilherme da Silva ◽  
Gilvaneide Alves de Azeredo ◽  
Vênia Camelo de Souza ◽  
Fillipe Silveira Marini ◽  
Emmanuel Moreira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
And Control

<p>A crotalária é uma leguminosa originária da Índia e Ásia Tropical com ampla adaptação as regiões tropicais. No Brasil, foi introduzida inicialmente para a produção de fibras, mas se difundiu como planta condicionadora do solo. Atualmente, é utilizada como planta para cobertura do solo e adubo verde, contribuindo para o incremento da fertilidade e redução da erosão do solo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência da cor do tegumento e da temperatura na germinação e vigor de sementes de <em>Crotalaria ochroleuca</em> L. As sementes foram separadas de acordo com a cor do tegumento. Foram classificadas em quatro cores: vermelha, rósea, bege-claro, cinza e a testemunha (sementes de todas as cores), constituindo, assim, os cinco tratamentos. O ensaio foi conduzido em laboratório e em casa de vegetação. No laboratório foi avaliada a germinação das sementes e o índice de velocidade de germinação, sendo então calculado o tempo médio de germinação. Na casa de vegetação, foi realizada a emergência das sementes e o índice de velocidade de emergência, sendo então calculado o tempo médio de emergência. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições de 50 sementes para cada tratamento. Houve influência da cor do tegumento e da temperatura na germinação e no vigor das sementes. As sementes apresentam alta capacidade germinativa numa faixa ampla de temperatura. A classificação por cor de sementes de crotalária pode melhorar a qualidade do lote. Sementes de cor vermelha apresentam germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação inferior às demais, e por isso devem ser descartadas do lote de sementes.</p><p class="CorpoA" align="center"><strong><em>Influence of seed coat color and temperature on germination and vigor of seeds of </em></strong><em>Crotalaria ochroleuca<strong> L.</strong></em><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The <em>Crotalaria</em> is a legume, originally from India and Tropical Asia with wide adaptation in tropical regions. In Brazil was introduced initially for the production of fibers, but spread as a soil conditioning plant. It is currently used as living mulch and green manure, contributing to the increasing fertility and reducing soil erosion. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of seed coat color and temperature on germination and vigor of seeds of <em>Crotalaria ochroleuca L</em>. The seeds were separated according to the color of the tegument. Were classified in four colors: red, pink, beige, gray and control (with seeds of all colors) therefore, five treatments. The test was conducted in the laboratory and in the greenhouse. In the laboratory, was assessed seed germination and germination speed index, and then calculated the average time of germination. In the greenhouse, the emergence of seeds and the emergency speed index was performed, and then calculated the average time of emergency. Four replicates of 50 seeds each were used in each treatment. There was influence of the seed coat color and temperature on germination and in vigor of seeds. The seeds have a high germination capacity in a wide temperature range. The rating of <em>Crotalaria</em> seed color can improve the quality of the lot. The red seeds presented germination and germination speed index lower than the others, and therefore should be discarded from the batch of seeds.</p><br /><strong></strong>

Generation and mapping of SCAR and CAPS markers linked to the seed coat color gene in Brassica napus using a genome-walking technique

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushu Xiao ◽  
Jinsong Xu ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Shijun Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Seed Coat Color ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Reference Map ◽  
Coat Color Gene ◽  
Color Gene

The yellow seed coat trait in No. 2127-17, a resynthesized purely yellow Brassica napus line, is controlled by a single partially dominant gene, Y. A double-haploid population derived from the F1 of No. 2127-17 × ‘ZY821’ was used to map the seed coat color phenotype. A combination of AFLP analysis and bulked segregant analysis identified 18 AFLP markers linked to the seed coat color trait. The 18 AFLP markers were mapped to a chromosomal region of 37.0 cM with an average of 2.0 cM between adjacent markers. Two markers, AFLP-K and AFLP-H, bracketed the Y locus in an interval of 1.0 cM, such that each was 0.5 cM away from the Y locus. Two other markers, AFLP-A and AFLP-B, co-segregated with the seed color gene. For ease of use in breeding programs, these 4 most tightly linked AFLP markers were converted into reliable PCR-based markers. SCAR-K, which was derived from AFLP-K, was assigned to linkage group 9 (N9) of a B. napus reference map consisting of 150 commonly used SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Furthermore, 2 SSR markers (Na14-E08 and Na10-B07) linked to SCAR-K on the reference map were reversely mapped to the linkage map constructed in this study, and also showed linkage to the Y locus. These linked markers would be useful for the transfer of the dominant allele Y from No. 2127-17 to elite cultivars using a marker-assisted selection strategy and would accelerate the cloning of the seed coat color gene.

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