scholarly journals Factors Related to Weight Loss Maintenance in the Medium–Long Term after Bariatric Surgery: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739
Author(s):  
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja ◽  
María Molina-Vega ◽  
Ana María Gómez-Pérez ◽  
Miguel Damas-Fuentes ◽  
Francisco J. Tinahones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
Physical Activity Adherence ◽  
The Impact

Despite bariatric surgery being the most effective treatment for obesity, some individuals do not respond adequately, especially in the long term. Identifying the predictors of correct weight maintenance in the medium (from 1 to 3 years after surgery) and long term (from 3 years and above) is of vital importance to reduce failure after bariatric surgery; therefore, we summarize the evidence about certain factors, among which we highlight surgical technique, psychological factors, physical activity, adherence to diet, gastrointestinal hormones or neurological factors related to appetite control. We conducted a search in PubMed focused on the last five years (2015–2021). Main findings are as follows: despite Roux-en-Y gastric bypass being more effective in the long term, sleeve gastrectomy shows a more beneficial effectiveness–complications balance; pre-surgical psychological and behavioral evaluation along with post-surgical treatment improve long-term surgical outcomes; physical activity programs after bariatric surgery, in addition to continuous and comprehensive care interventions regarding diet habits, improve weight loss maintenance, but it is necessary to improve adherence; the impact of bariatric surgery on the gut–brain axis seems to influence weight maintenance. In conclusion, although interesting findings exist, the evidence is contradictory in some places, and long-term clinical trials are necessary to draw more robust conclusions.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Weight Loss, and Weight Maintenance in the DiOGenes Multicenter Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen A. van Baak ◽  
Gabby Hul ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
Wim H. Saris
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Multicenter Trial ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Positive Effect

In this secondary analysis of the DiOGenes study, we investigated whether physical activity (PA) contributes to diet-induced weight loss and helps to reduce subsequent regain. We also studied the associations of PA with changes in cardiometabolic variables. Adults with overweight were included and followed an 8-week low-calorie diet (LCD). When successful (>8% weight loss), participants were randomized to different ad libitum diet groups and were advised to maintain their weight loss over the 6-month intervention period. Body weight (BW), body composition, cardiometabolic variables and subjectively-assessed PA were measured at baseline, at the end of weight loss and at the end of the intervention. BW was reduced by the LCD (from 99.8 ± 16.7 to 88.4 ± 14.9 kg; P < 0.001). This reduction was maintained during the weight maintenance period (89.2 ± 16.0 kg). Total PA (sum score of the three subscales of the Baecke questionnaire) increased during the weight loss period (from 8.16 ± 0.83 to 8.39 ± 0.78; P < 0.001) and this increase was subsequently maintained (8.42 ± 0.90). We found no evidence that baseline PA predicted weight loss. However, a higher level of baseline PA predicted a larger weight-loss-induced improvement in total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and CRP, and in post-prandial insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index). Subsequent weight and fat mass maintenance were predicted by the post-weight loss level of PA and associated with changes in PA during the weight maintenance phase. In conclusion, despite the fact that higher baseline levels of PA did not predict more weight loss during the LCD, nor that an increase in PA during the LCD was associated with more weight loss, higher PA levels were associated with more improvements in several cardiometabolic variables. The positive effect of higher PA on weight loss maintenance seems in contrast to randomized controlled trials that have not been able to confirm a positive effect of exercise training programmes on weight loss maintenance. This analysis supports the notion that higher self-imposed levels of PA may improve the cardiometabolic risk profile during weight loss and help to maintain weight loss afterwards.

scholarly journals The Influence of Body Contouring Surgery on Weight Control and Comorbidities in Patients After Bariatric Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 924-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. E. de Vries ◽  
M. C. Kalff ◽  
E. M. van Praag ◽  
J. M. G. Florisson ◽  
M. J. P. F. Ritt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Contouring ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Body Contouring Surgery ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Bariatric Surgery ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction A considerable number of patients experience some long-term weight regain after bariatric surgery. Body contouring surgery (BCS) is thought to strengthen post-bariatric surgery patients in their weight control and maintenance of achieved improvements in comorbidities. Objectives To examine the impact of BCS on long-term weight control and comorbidities after bariatric surgery. Methods We performed a retrospective study in a prospective database. All patients who underwent primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and presented for preoperative consultation of BCS in the same hospital were included in the study. Linear and logistic mixed-effect model analyses were used to evaluate the longitudinal relationships between patients who were accepted or rejected for BCS and their weight loss outcomes or changes in comorbidities. Results Of the 1150 patients who underwent primary RYGB between January 2010 and December 2014, 258 patients (22.4%) presented for preoperative consultation of BCS. Of these patients, 126 patients eventually underwent BCS (48.8%). Patients who were accepted for BCS demonstrated significant better ∆body mass index (BMI) on average over time (− 1.31 kg/m2/year, 95% confidence interval (CI) −2.52 − −0.10, p = 0.034) and percent total weight loss (%TWL) was significantly different at 36 months (5.79, 95%CI 1.22 – 10.37, p = 0.013) and 48 months (6.78, 95%CI 0.93 – 12.63, p = 0.023) after body contouring consultation. Patients who were accepted or rejected did not differ significantly in the maintenance of achieved improvements in comorbidities. Conclusion BCS could not be associated with the maintenance of achieved improvements in comorbidities after bariatric surgery, whereas it could be associated with improved weight loss maintenance at 36 and 48 months after body contouring consultation. This association should be further explored in a large longitudinal study.

scholarly journals Increasing Energy Flux to Maintain Diet-Induced Weight Loss

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Melby ◽  
Hunter L. Paris ◽  
R. Drew Sayer ◽  
Christopher Bell ◽  
James O. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Daily Energy

Long-term maintenance of weight loss requires sustained energy balance at the reduced body weight. This could be attained by coupling low total daily energy intake (TDEI) with low total daily energy expenditure (TDEE; low energy flux), or by pairing high TDEI with high TDEE (high energy flux). Within an environment characterized by high energy dense food and a lack of need for movement, it may be particularly difficult for weight-reduced individuals to maintain energy balance in a low flux state. Most of these individuals will increase body mass due to an inability to sustain the necessary level of food restriction. This increase in TDEI may lead to the re-establishment of high energy flux at or near the original body weight. We propose that following weight loss, increasing physical activity can effectively re-establish a state of high energy flux without significant weight regain. Although the effect of extremely high levels of physical activity on TDEE may be constrained by compensatory reductions in non-activity energy expenditure, moderate increases following weight loss may elevate energy flux and encourage physiological adaptations favorable to weight loss maintenance, including better appetite regulation. It may be time to recognize that few individuals are able to re-establish energy balance at a lower body weight without permanent increases in physical activity. Accordingly, there is an urgent need for more research to better understand the role of energy flux in long-term weight maintenance.

Keeping the Weight Off: Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Weight Loss Maintenance in Bariatric Surgery Patients 2 to 16 Years Postsurgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1064-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya M. Herman ◽  
Tamara E. Carver ◽  
Nicolas V. Christou ◽  
Ross E. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Sitting Time

Effectiveness of Counselling on Diet Quality and Physical Activity with Cognitive Counselling for Overweight and Obese Women-A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Doran ◽  
Mahmonir Haghighi ◽  
Rasoul Zarrin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Short Intervention

Various treatments for obesity exist that actually work, however, a great deal of them face the issue of weight regain. Hence, there is this desire to focus on health measures that can be predictors of weight maintenance. This study explores whether four sessions of group-based cognitive counselling can lead to superior results compared to counselling on diet and physical activity only, in terms of eating behavior, calorie intake, diet quality, weight, and physical activity. We conducted a randomized trial for this purpose. Our findings suggest that a short intervention of cognitive counselling can lead to improved emotional eating and uncontrolled eating. Both conditions showed significant improvement in diet quality, cognitive restraint on eating, weight, BMI, calorie intake, and physical activity, while between group differences remained non-significant. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of brief cognitive counselling on measures of weight maintenance in long term.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Relation to Long-term Weight Maintenance After Intentional Weight Loss in Premenopausal Women

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania A. Mekary ◽  
Diane Feskanich ◽  
Frank B. Hu ◽  
Walter C. Willett ◽  
Alison E. Field
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss

scholarly journals The effects of if-then plans on weight loss: results of the 24-month follow-up of the McGill CHIP Healthy Weight Program randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bärbel Knäuper ◽  
◽  
Huma Shireen ◽  
Kimberly Carrière ◽  
Mallory Frayn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight

Abstract Background Current evidence suggests that some of the most effective weight loss approaches are changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors through lifestyle modification programs. The Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) program is a group-based behavior modification program aimed at changing diet and physical activity for weight loss. It was developed to be more cost-effective and easier to disseminate than its individually administered parent program, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). However, the average weight loss following participation in the GLB is only approximately 3.5%, with low long-term weight loss maintenance. Purpose We aimed to optimize the weight loss outcomes of the GLB to increase the efficacy already afforded by its cost-effectiveness and ease of dissemination. We did this by integrating the habit formation tool of if-then plans into the program. This program is called the enriched GLB or the McGill Comprehensive Health Improvement (CHIP) Healthy Weight Program. Results at 3 and 12 months of participation have already been published elsewhere. They showed no between-group differences between the standard and enriched GLB but higher weight loss in both groups compared to the DPP. This paper reports the long-term weight loss maintenance data following participation in the program. Methods Of the 172 participants enrolled at the beginning of the study, data from 110 participants were available and analyzed at 24 months, i.e., 12 months after the end of the 12-month intervention. Results No between-group difference in weight loss maintenance was observed. Pooled results showed a significant weight regain from 12 to 24 months, i.e., an average of 7.85 lbs. of the 20.36 lbs. lost. However, participants from both groups were still 12.51lbs or 6.13% lighter at 24 months than at baseline. Conclusion If-then plans did not result in a higher percentage of weight loss at 24-month follow-up compared to the standard GLB. However, at 24 months, both groups did show a maintenance of a significant portion of the weight lost at the end of intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02008435, registered 6 December 2013.

scholarly journals Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Long-term Disease Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel B Braga Neto ◽  
Martin H Gregory ◽  
Guilherme P Ramos ◽  
Fateh Bazerbachi ◽  
David H Bruining ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Prospective Study Design ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background An association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and obesity has been observed. Little is known about the effect of weight loss on IBD course. Our aim was to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on long-term clinical course of obese patients with IBD, either Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Patients with IBD who underwent bariatric surgery subsequent to IBD diagnosis were identified from 2 tertiary IBD centers. Complications after bariatric surgery were recorded. Patients were matched 1:1 for age, sex, IBD subtype, phenotype, and location to patients with IBD who did not undergo bariatric surgery. Controls started follow-up at a time point in their disease similar to the disease duration in the matched case at the time of bariatric surgery. Inflammatory bowel disease medication usage and disease-related complications (need for corticosteroids, hospitalizations, and surgeries) among cases and controls were compared. Results Forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. Appropriate matches were found for 25 cases. Median follow-up among cases (after bariatric surgery) and controls was 7.69 and 7.89 years, respectively. Median decrease in body mass index after bariatric surgery was 12.2. Rescue corticosteroid usage and IBD-related surgeries were numerically less common in cases than controls (24% vs 52%; odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–1.23; 12% vs 28%; OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.004–1.79). Two cases and 1 control were able to discontinue biologics during follow-up. Conclusions Inflammatory bowel disease patients with weight loss after bariatric surgery had fewer IBD-related complications compared with matched controls. This observation requires validation in a prospective study design.

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