scholarly journals Impact of the Pressure-Free Yutori Education Program on Myopia in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4229
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ishiko ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagokawa ◽  
Noriko Nishikawa ◽  
Youngseok Song ◽  
Kazuhiro Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medical University

This study aimed to investigate the influence of educational pressure on myopia. A less-intense school curriculum was introduced nationally in Japan beginning in 2012 based on a pressure-free education policy. In this retrospective observational study, a total of 1025 Japanese medical students of Asahikawa Medical University underwent measurements of the cycloplegic refractive error and axial length (AL), from 2011 to 2020. The spherical equivalent (SE) and AL were correlated significantly with the fiscal year of births (p = 0.004 and p = 0.034, respectively) only during enforcement of the system of high-pressure education. The SE and AL regression rates during the two educational approaches differed significantly (p = 0.004 and p = 0.037, respectively). The prevalence of high myopia was correlated significantly (p < 0.001) only during the system of high-pressure education. The regression of the prevalence rate of high myopia during the two education approaches differed significantly (p = 0.010). The progression rates of myopia and increased prevalence of high myopia were observed only during high-pressure education, suggesting that not only ophthalmologists but also educators and the government should work on together to control the progression of myopia.

scholarly journals Myopia progression from wearing first glasses to adult age: the DREAM Study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316234
Author(s):  
Jan Roelof Polling ◽  
Caroline Klaver ◽  
Jan Willem Tideman
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Treatment Intensity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Adult Age

PurposeData on myopia progression during its entire course are scarce. The aim of this study is to investigate myopia progression in Europeans as a function of age and degree of myopia from first prescription to final refractive error.MethodsThe Drentse Refractive Error and Myopia Study assessed data from a branch of opticians in the Netherlands from 1985 onwards in a retrospective study. First pair of glasses prescribed was defined as a spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) ≤−0.5 D to ≥−3.0 D. Subjects with prescriptions at an interval of at least 1 year were included in the analysis.ResultsA total of 2555 persons (57.3% female) met the inclusion criteria. Those with first prescription before the age of 10 years showed the strongest progression (−0.50 D; IQR: −0.75 to −0.19) and a significantly (p<0.001) more negative median final SER (−4.48 D; IQR: −5.37 to −3.42). All children who developed SER ≤−3 D at 10 years were highly myopic (SER ≤−6D) as adults, children who had SER between −1.5 D and −3 D at 10 years had 46.0% risk of high myopia, and children with SER between −0.5 D and −1.5 D had 32.6% risk of high myopia. Myopia progression diminished with age; all refractive categories stabilised after age 15 years except for SER ≤−5 D who progressed up to −0.25 D annually until age 21 years.ConclusionOur trajectories of the natural course of myopia progression may serve as a guide for myopia management in European children. SER at 10 years is an important prognostic indicator and will help determine treatment intensity.

Influence of refractive error on pupil diameters in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lenses

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1328-1334
Author(s):  
Yi Zhu ◽  
Yu Yue ◽  
Haobin Zhu ◽  
Jili Chen ◽  
Jibo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Lens Implantation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Icl V4c ◽  
Percent Decrease

Purpose: To investigate the influence of refractive error on pupil diameters in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lenses. Setting: Shanghai, China. Design: A prospective consecutive observational study. Methods: Sixty-six eyes of 66 patients that underwent ICL V4c implantation were included. Pupil diameters before and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery were measured using an automatic pupillometry system (MonCv3; Metrovision, Pérenchies, France) under four standardized illumination conditions: 0, 1, 10, and 100 cd/m2. The correlations between changes in pupil diameter and spherical equivalent values and patient age were investigated. Results: Based on preoperative spherical equivalent values, included eyes were divided into a high-myopia group (–6.3 to −9.9 D (diopters)) and a super-high-myopia group (–10 to −20 D). Pupil sizes remained unchanged after surgery in the high-myopia group and decreased at 1 and 10 cd/m2 in the super-high-myopia group. A between-group comparison showed that pupils were significantly smaller in the super-high-myopia group 1 week postoperatively under all illumination conditions and remained smaller at 1 month and 3 months under 1 and 10 cd/m2 lighting conditions. Preoperative spherical equivalent values were significantly correlated with the percent decrease in pupil diameter 1 week postoperatively under 0, 1, and 10 cd/m2 illumination conditions; the greater the degree of myopia, the greater the reduction in pupil diameter. Conclusion: Preoperative refractive error significantly affects pupil diameter in highly myopic eyes after implantable collamer lens implantation. Pupils of super highly myopic eyes remained smaller than preoperative levels under mesopic conditions after implantable collamer lens implantation.

scholarly journals Refractive Errors Among Medical Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Poojyashree Karki ◽  
Milesh J Sijapati ◽  
Pragya Basnet ◽  
Anjila Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Refractive errors are becoming a problem in many societies, with prevalence rates of myopia in many Asian urban countries reaching epidemic proportions. This study aims to determine the prevalence rates of various refractive errors among medical students of Kist Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal.Materials and Methods: Medical students were included in the study. Demographic data was obtained via questionnaires filled in by the students after taking informed verbal consent. Refractive error measurements were determined by dry retinoscopy and additional cycloplegic refraction as and when needed.Results: The prevalence rate of simple myopia was 64.81% and 3.7% had high myopia. Hyperopia (Hypermetropia) was present in 1.8% of the participants while overall astigmatism prevalence rate was 29.6% among medical students. Conclusion: Prevalence rates of myopia in medical students are found to be quite high.Conclusions: Prevalence rates of myopia in medical students are found to be quite high.Nepalese Medical Journal, vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 21-23

scholarly journals Age-Related Change of Axial Length, Spherical Equivalent, and Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia in School-Age Children in Shanghai: 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Xiaodong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Normative Growth ◽  
Mean Time

Purpose. To investigate the age-related change of axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), and prevalence of myopia and high myopia in children at 7–18-year-olds in Shanghai in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Methods. This was an observational study in Shanghai. The same 3 schools were selected in 2014 and 2018, respectively. AL, SE, prevalence of myopia and high myopia, height, and weight were measured. A questionnaire regarding the lifestyles was completed. Results. Mean age was smaller in 2018 than in 2014 ( P < 0.001 ), and mean AL was shorter in 2018 than in 2014 ( P = 0.003 ), whereas mean SE was greater in 2018 than in 2014 ( P < 0.001 ). The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was lower in 2018 than in 2014 ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.013 , respectively). Mean AL increased with age from 7-year-olds to 18-year-olds in 2014 and 2018 (both P < 0.001 ), respectively. Mean SE decreased with age in 2014 and 2018 (both P < 0.001 ), respectively. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia increased with age in 2014 and 2018 (all P < 0.001 ), respectively. Less mean time outdoors and more mean time of study of all children were observed in 2018 than in 2014 ( P = 0.018 and P < 0.001 , respectively). Conclusion. This study shows normative growth values for AL and SE in Shanghai children at the age of 7–18-year-olds, as well as the age-specific prevalence of myopia and high myopia.

scholarly journals Can Face- and Smartphone-Touching Behaviors Be Altered with Personal Hygiene Reminders during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period? An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10038
Author(s):  
Lok-Yee Joyce Li ◽  
Shin-Yi Wang ◽  
Jinn-Moon Yang ◽  
Chih-Jou Chen ◽  
Cheng-Yu Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
Medical University

As part of the new measures to prevent the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), medical students were advised to wear a mask in class and avoid touching their faces. Few studies have analyzed the influence of health education on the frequency of face- and smartphone-touching behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research compared the frequency of in-class face- and smartphone-touching behaviors of medical students before and after the delivery of personal hygiene education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A behavioral observational study was conducted involving medical students at Taipei Medical University. Eighty medical students were recruited during a lecture on otorhinolaryngology. All medical students were required to wear a mask. Their face- and smartphone-touching behavior was observed by viewing the 4k resolution video tape recorded in class. The recording lasted for 2 h, comprising 1 h prior to the health educational reminder and 1 h afterwards. The frequencies of hand-to-face contact and hand-to-smartphone contact were analyzed before and after the delivery of health education emphasizing personal hygiene. Comprehensive health education and reminders effectively reduce the rate of face- and smartphone-touching behaviors.

scholarly journals Study of contact correction of vision among medical students

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-978
Author(s):  
A M Nugumanova ◽  
G H Khamitova ◽  
A N Samoilov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Silicone Hydrogels ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Chronic Conjunctivitis

Aim. To study the hygienic and medical aspects of refractive error correction in medical students. Methods. Ophthalmic examination and questionnaire poll of 80 5-year students of Kazan State Medical University diagnosed with myopia and using the contacts. The questionnaires included questions about the type of contacts, wear schedule, usage and care rules, adverse effects and complications, reasons for drop off. Results. Different myopia degree (low - 46%, medium - 51%, high - 3%) was diagnosed in the observed students. The term of contacts use differed from 6 months to 5 years, in 57% of students the term was over 3 years. Soft lenses (hydrogels - 40%, silicone hydrogels - 57%) were preferred with only 3% of students using rigid lenses. Students have often chosen lenses by themselves (49%). It was found out that 60% of students examined did not comply with terms of use, over 60% of students examined did not comply with hygienic regulations while wearing contacts. In 67% of cases the following eye disorders were diagnosed at examination: chronic conjunctivitis - in 32% of cases, initial stage of keratoconjunctivitis sicca - in 27% of cases, allergic conjunctivitis - in 8% of cases. Conclusion. The examination conducted and impairments diagnosed in students using the contacts have shown low level of education and neglecting basic hygienic rules for use of contacts, that requires the developing of novel educational programs for young people with refractive error.

scholarly journals Evaluation of retinal vascular density and related factors in youth myopia without maculopathy using OCTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Rongrong Zhang ◽  
Yan Yu ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Flow Density ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Spherical Equivalent

AbstractTo evaluate the retinal vascular flow density changes of myopic eyes of young adults using optical coherence tomography angiography and the factors affecting these changes. In this cross-sectional study, 90 eyes of 45 participants were analyzed and divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and high myopia (without pathological changes). Macular and radial peripapillary capillary flow densities were measured using optical coherence tomography angiography. Their relationships with the axial length, the spherical equivalent of the refractive error, and age were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multivariate linear regression analysis. Superficial and deep macular vascular densities were significantly decreased in the high myopia group compared to the other groups. In the high myopia group, the nasal peripapillary flow density decreased, whereas the flow density inside the disc increased. The axial length negatively correlated with the superficial and deep macular vascular density, but positively correlated with the vascular density inside the disc. The spherical equivalent of the refractive error negatively correlated with the macular vascular density. The retinal vascular density decreased in the high myopia group. Hence, the microvascular network inside the disc may have a compensatory action in the hypoxic setting of high myopia.

Vulnerability of medical students and professionals to extreme work stress: A select review of the literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Maciej Walkiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Tartas
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Medical Career ◽  
Medical University ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the paper is to describe the extent to which medical students and professionals are vulnerable to extreme stress. A select review of existing literature on this area has been undertaken, using the English-language online databases EBSCO, Medline and PubMed. The search has identified 36 citations relating to 6324 medical students and 28,285 medical staff (physicians, residents, nurses). The review indicates that merely beginning medical studies is a risk factor for stress, and that medical professionals, who are vulnerable to extreme work stress, say that they do not receive enough support from their co-workers. They are also often notably impulsive, introverted, neurotic and perfectionist, with low emotional intelligence and agreeableness, as well as low and external locus of control. Additionally, from longitudinal studies we have been able to identify psychological factors underpinning admission to a medical university that may be useful for predicting future stress in medical career. The results of this study may be taken into account when organizing psychological intervention programs targeted at educating future medical professionals. It seems that early identification of people at risk could reduce the impact of stress related to medical career and enhance the somatic and mental health of medical professionals.

Comparative characteristics of educational stress and mental health of senior medicine students at different universities (results of an interregional study)

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Victoria Ruzhenkova ◽  
Irina Sheremet’eva ◽  
Viktor Ruzhenkov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
The State ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
State University ◽  
The Future ◽  
Training Stress ◽  
Medical University

Stress negatively affects the mental health of students, causes anxiety and depression, leads to poor academic performance, lowers level of professional training and success in the future. The purpose of the research is to study the state of mental health of medical students to develop recommendations for the prevention of maladaptation. Materials and methods. 252 5-year students aged 20–29 (22 ± 1,1) years, 168 (66,7 %) females and 84 (33,3 %) males (137 students of Belgorod State University and 115 of Altay State Medical University (ASMU)) were examined by medico-sociological and psychometric methods. Results. It was established that every fifth student of the Belgorod State University and every third of the ASMU did not enter the medical university on their own initiative. Less than half (43 %) of Belgorod State University students and 30.4 % of the ASMU ones are convinced that the choice of profession was correct, 35 and 37.4 % are, consequently, completely disappointed with it. Students of Belgorod State University dealt with training stress factors poorer and, as a result, have more pronounced mental symptoms of training stress, difficulties in organizing the daily regimen, irregular nutrition, and fear of the future. Regardless of the region of studying, the number of students not committed to the medical profession, after 5 years of study, is more than 3 times higher among those who enter the university not on their own initiative. Students of the ASMU hit substances, skipped classes, played computer games and took sedative drugs more often to overcome academic stress. The degree of anxiety before the exams in students of Belgorod State University was higher (9 points) than in their peers from the State Medical University (7 points). An extremely high (8–10 points) level of anxiety before exams was characteristic of 75,9 and 44,3 % of students, respectively. The former were more likely to experience clinically significant panic attacks: 27,7 and 6,1 %. Conclusion. Given the high incidence of social phobia (19,1–24,1 %), depression (22,6–32,2 %) and anxiety (21,9– 27,8 %) among medical students, the development and implementation of psycho-correctional programs aimed at the formation of adaptive ways to overcome stress, reduce anxiety and depression is required. This will prevent the development of psychosomatic disorders and addictions.

scholarly journals The impact of integrating environmental health into medical school curricula: a survey-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kligler ◽  
Genevieve Pinto Zipp ◽  
Carmela Rocchetti ◽  
Michelle Secic ◽  
Erin Speiser Ihde
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Inclusion of environmental health (EH) in medical education serves as a catalyst for preparing future physicians to address issues as complex as climate change and health, water pollution and lead contamination. However, previous research has found EH education to be largely lacking in U.S. medical education, putting future physicians at risk of not having the expertise to address patients’ environmental illnesses, nor speak to prevention. Methods Environmental health (EH) knowledge and skills were incorporated into the first-year medical school curriculum at Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine (Nutley, New Jersey), via a two-hour interactive large group learning module with follow up activities. Students completed the Environmental Health in Med School (EHMS) survey before and after the year 1 EH module. This survey evaluates medical students’ attitudes, awareness and professionalism regarding environmental health. In year 2, students completed the Environmental Health Survey II, which measured students’ perceptions of preparedness to discuss EH with future patients. The research team created both surveys based upon learning objectives that broadly aligned with the Institute of Medicine six competency-based environmental health learning objectives. Results 36 year 1 students completed both the pre and post EHMS surveys. McNemar’s test was used for paired comparisons. Results identified no statistically significant changes from pre to post surveys, identifying a dramatic ceiling. When comparing year 2, EHS II pre-survey (n = 84) and post-survey (n = 79) responses, a statistically significant positive change in students’ self-reported sense of preparedness to discuss environmental health with their patients following the curriculum intervention was noted. Conclusions Our conclusion for the EHMS in Year 1 was that the current generation of medical students at this school is already extremely aware of and concerned about the impact of environmental issues on health. Through the EHS II in Year 2, we found that the six-week environmental health module combining didactic and experiential elements significantly increased medical students’ self-reported sense of preparedness to discuss environmental health issues, including climate change, with their patients.

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