The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Skin Wound Healing

Impaired wound healing is one of the unsolved problems of modern medicine, affecting patients’ quality of life and causing serious economic losses. Impaired wound healing can manifest itself in the form of chronic skin wounds or hypertrophic scars. Research on the biology and physiology of skin wound healing disorders is actively continuing, but, unfortunately, a single understanding has not been developed. The attention of clinicians to the biological and physiological aspects of wound healing in the skin is necessary for the search for new and effective methods of prevention and treatment of its consequences. In addition, it is important to update knowledge about genetic and non-genetic factors predisposing to impaired wound healing in order to identify risk levels and develop personalized strategies for managing such patients. Wound healing is a very complex process involving several overlapping stages and involving many factors. This thematic review focuses on the extracellular matrix of the skin, in particular its role in wound healing. The authors analyzed the results of fundamental research in recent years, finding promising potential for their transition into real clinical practice.

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Keratin Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing, an Old Player in Modern Medicine: A Mini Review

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13122029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2029

Author(s):

Marek Konop ◽

Mateusz Rybka ◽

Adrian Drapała

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Medical Problem ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Impaired Wound Healing

Impaired wound healing is a major medical problem. To solve it, researchers around the world have turned their attention to the use of tissue-engineered products to aid in skin regeneration in case of acute and chronic wounds. One of the primary goals of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to develop a matrix or scaffold system that mimics the structure and function of native tissue. Keratin biomaterials derived from wool, hair, and bristle have been the subjects of active research in the context of tissue regeneration for over a decade. Keratin derivatives, which can be either soluble or insoluble, are utilized as wound dressings since keratins are dynamically up-regulated and needed in skin wound healing. Tissue biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and natural abundance are only a few of the keratin biomaterials’ properties, making them excellent wound dressing materials to treat acute and chronic wounds. Several experimental and pre-clinical studies described the beneficial effects of the keratin-based wound dressing in faster wound healing. This review focuses exclusively on the biomedical application of a different type of keratin biomaterials as a wound dressing in pre-clinical and clinical conditions.

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THE OIL FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA SEEDS ACCELERATE CHRONIC SKIN WOUND HEALING

Phytomedicine Plus ◽

10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100099 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100099

Author(s):

Ana Clara Sans Salomão Brunow Ventura ◽

Thalita de Paula ◽

Jenifer Pendiuk Gonçalves ◽

Bruna da Silva Soley ◽

Ananda Beatriz Munhoz Cretella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Chronic Skin

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Keratin Scaffolds Containing Casomorphin Stimulate Macrophage Infiltration and Accelerate Full-Thickness Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092554 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2554

Author(s):

Marek Konop ◽

Anna K. Laskowska ◽

Mateusz Rybka ◽

Ewa Kłodzińska ◽

Dorota Sulejczak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Wound Dressing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Wound Healing Process ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Full Thickness ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Impaired Wound Healing

Impaired wound healing is a major medical challenge, especially in diabetics. Over the centuries, the main goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been to invent biomaterials that accelerate the wound healing process. In this context, keratin-derived biomaterial is a promising candidate due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this study, we evaluated an insoluble fraction of keratin containing casomorphin as a wound dressing in a full-thickness surgical skin wound model in mice (n = 20) with iatrogenically induced diabetes. Casomorphin, an opioid peptide with analgesic properties, was incorporated into keratin and shown to be slowly released from the dressing. An in vitro study showed that keratin-casomorphin dressing is biocompatible, non-toxic, and supports cell growth. In vivo experiments demonstrated that keratin-casomorphin dressing significantly (p < 0.05) accelerates the whole process of skin wound healing to the its final stage. Wounds covered with keratin-casomorphin dressing underwent reepithelization faster, ending up with a thicker epidermis than control wounds, as confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. This investigated dressing stimulated macrophages infiltration, which favors tissue remodeling and regeneration, unlike in the control wounds in which neutrophils predominated. Additionally, in dressed wounds, the number of microhemorrhages was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) as compared with control wounds. The dressing was naturally incorporated into regenerating tissue during the wound healing process. Applied keratin dressing favored reconstruction of more regular skin structure and assured better cosmetic outcome in terms of scar formation and appearance. Our results have shown that insoluble keratin wound dressing containing casomorphin supports skin wound healing in diabetic mice.

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Effective Delivery of Stem Cells Using an Extracellular Matrix Patch Results in Increased Cell Survival and Proliferation and Reduced Scarring in Skin Wound Healing

Tissue Engineering Part A ◽

10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0480 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (5-6) ◽

pp. 738-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Mai T. Lam ◽

Allison Nauta ◽

Nathaniel P. Meyer ◽

Joseph C. Wu ◽

Michael T. Longaker

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Effective Delivery ◽

Matrix Patch ◽

Cell Survival And Proliferation

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Extracellular Matrix-Inspired Growth Factor Delivery Systems for Skin Wound Healing

Advances in Wound Care ◽

10.1089/wound.2014.0603 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

pp. 479-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

Priscilla S. Briquez ◽

Jeffrey A. Hubbell ◽

Mikaël M. Martino

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Growth Factor Delivery ◽

Skin Wound Healing

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Toward understanding scarless skin wound healing and pathological scarring

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.18293.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 787 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sanna-Maria Karppinen ◽

Ritva Heljasvaara ◽

Donald Gullberg ◽

Kaisa Tasanen ◽

Taina Pihlajaniemi

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Cell Types ◽

Skin Wound ◽

Skin Wounds ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Skin Wound Healing ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Acute Wound

The efficient healing of skin wounds is crucial for securing the vital barrier function of the skin, but pathological wound healing and scar formation are major medical problems causing both physiological and psychological challenges for patients. A number of tightly coordinated regenerative responses, including haemostasis, the migration of various cell types into the wound, inflammation, angiogenesis, and the formation of the extracellular matrix, are involved in the healing process. In this article, we summarise the central mechanisms and processes in excessive scarring and acute wound healing, which can lead to the formation of keloids or hypertrophic scars, the two types of fibrotic scars caused by burns or other traumas resulting in significant functional or aesthetic disadvantages. In addition, we discuss recent developments related to the functions of activated fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix and mechanical forces in the wound environment as well as the mechanisms of scarless wound healing. Understanding the different mechanisms of wound healing is pivotal for developing new therapies to prevent the fibrotic scarring of large skin wounds.

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