scholarly journals Effect of Physical Activity, Smoking, and Sleep on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Rocío Barragán ◽  
Carolina Ortega-Azorín ◽  
Jose V. Sorlí ◽  
Eva M. Asensio ◽  
Oscar Coltell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Aging is a risk factor for several pathologies, restricting one’s health span, and promoting chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases), as well as cancer. Telomeres are regions of repetitive DNA located at chromosomal ends. Telomere length has been inversely associated with chronological age and has been considered, for a long time, a good biomarker of aging. Several lifestyle factors have been linked with telomere shortening or maintenance. However, the consistency of results is hampered by some methodological issues, including study design, sample size, measurement approaches, and population characteristics, among others. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the current literature on the effects of three relevant lifestyle factors on telomere length in human adults: physical activity, smoking, and sleep. We conducted a qualitative systematic review of observational and intervention studies using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The systematic literature search covered articles published in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (from 2010 to 2020). A total of 1400 studies were identified; 83 were included after quality control. Although fewer sedentary activities, optimal sleep habits, and non- or ex-smoker status have been associated with less telomere shortening, several methodological issues were detected, including the need for more targeted interventions and standardized protocols to better understand how physical activity and sleep can impact telomere length and aging. We discuss the main findings and current limitations to gain more insights into the influence of these lifestyle factors on the healthy aging process.

The Impact of Health Promotion Interventions on Telomere Length: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-647
Author(s):  
Shan Qiao ◽  
Yanping Jiang ◽  
Xiaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Promotion Intervention ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of health promotion interventions in delaying telomere shortening (a biomarker for aging). Data Source: PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria: (1) empirical studies involving human subjects; (2) health promotion intervention studies including both randomized control trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs.; (3) measured telomere length as an intervention outcome; and (4) were written in English. Exclusion criteria: (1) observational studies without any health promotion intervention practices and (2) did not report intervention effects. Data Extraction: Data extraction was performed by two reviewers following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Data Synthesis: Substantial heterogeneity in intervention type and study design in the included studies precluded a meta-analysis. We conducted a narrative synthesis instead. Results: Thirty studies were included in the review, of which 16 were RCTs. One-third of the included studies reported significant intervention impacts in delaying telomere shortening, with relatively consistent significant results emerged from weight-loss interventions and interventions involving multiple lifestyle modification components (eg, diet and exercise). Most of supplement intervention studies observed null effects in telomere length. Conclusions: Weight-loss and comprehensive lifestyle intervention strategies show encouraging impacts in delaying telomere shortening. More rigorous studies targeting populations at different age stages through life span are needed.

Effect of Physical Activity on Quality of Life as Perceived by Endometrial Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1727-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole Adeyemi Babatunde ◽  
Swann A. Adams ◽  
Olubunmi Orekoya ◽  
Karen Basen-Engquist ◽  
Susan E. Steck
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

PurposeA combination of the relatively high prevalence among gynecologic cancers, high survival, and the myriads of factors that negatively impact the quality of life (QoL) among endometrial cancer (EC) survivors underscores the potential benefits of meeting guideline physical activity (PA) guidelines of 150 minutes per week among EC survivors. The objective of the present systematic review was to collate and critically evaluate the currently available literature on the effects of PA on QoL among EC survivors.MethodsMedline and Web of Science databases were searched for articles on EC, QoL, and PA. We also inspected bibliographies of relevant publications to identify related articles. Our search criteria yielded 70 studies, 7 of which met the inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 7 studies examined, 2 of them were intervention studies, whereas 5 were cross-sectional studies. Meeting guideline PA was significantly associated with better QoL score in 4 of the 5 cross-sectional studies.ConclusionsResults from the cross-sectional studies suggest that EC survivors’ inactivity is significantly correlated with poorer QoL. This correlation was worse among obese survivors compared with normal weight survivors. Endometrial cancer survivors may benefit from interventions that incorporate PA. More randomized intervention studies among EC survivors are needed to add to this body of evidence.

Reporting accelerometer methods in physical activity intervention studies: a systematic review and recommendations for authors

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 1507-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H K Montoye ◽  
Rebecca W Moore ◽  
Heather R Bowles ◽  
Robert Korycinski ◽  
Karin A Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Impact Factor ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Reporting Data ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveThis systematic review assessed the completeness of accelerometer reporting in physical activity (PA) intervention studies and assessed factors related to accelerometer reporting.DesignThe PubMed database was used to identify manuscripts for inclusion. Included studies were PA interventions that used accelerometers, were written in English and were conducted between 1 January 1998 and 31 July 2014. 195 manuscripts from PA interventions that used accelerometers to measure PA were included. Manuscript completeness was scored using 12 questions focused on 3 accelerometer reporting areas: accelerometer information, data processing and interpretation and protocol non-compliance. Variables, including publication year, journal focus and impact factor, and population studied were evaluated to assess trends in reporting completeness.ResultsThe number of manuscripts using accelerometers to assess PA in interventions increased from 1 in 2002 to 29 in the first 7 months of 2014. Accelerometer reporting completeness correlated weakly with publication year (r=0.24, p<0.001). Correlations were greater when we assessed improvements over time in reporting data processing in manuscripts published in PA-focused journals (r=0.43, p=0.002) compared to manuscripts published in non-PA-focused journals (r=0.19, p=0.021). Only 7 of 195 (4%) manuscripts reported all components of accelerometer use, and only 132 (68%) reported more than half of the components.ConclusionsAccelerometer reporting of PA in intervention studies has been poor and improved only minimally over time. We provide recommendations to improve accelerometer reporting and include a template to standardise reports.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome—A Systematic Review of Observational and Interventional Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2528
Author(s):  
Alice Bellicha ◽  
Muriel Coupaye ◽  
Héléna Mosbah ◽  
Maithé Tauber ◽  
Jean-Michel Oppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Syndromic Obesity

Physical activity (PA) is an important aspect of the management of patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). However, the day-to-day implementation of PA programs is particularly challenging in these patients. This systematic review aimed (1) to describe habitual PA and sedentary behavior and (2) to assess the effects of PA interventions and to describe their implementation process, in children and adults with PWS. A systematic search of controlled trials, single-group interventions, observational, and qualitative studies published up to December 2020 was performed. Twenty-five studies were included. Habitual PA was found to be lower in patients with PWS compared to controls without obesity or with non-syndromic obesity. Habitual PA was positively associated with lean body mass and bone parameters in children with PWS, and these finding were strengthened by intervention studies reporting an increase in both outcomes after a PA program. PA programs also improved physical function (muscle strength, walking distance, and coordination), without significant effect on weight and fat mass. Attendance to exercise sessions was usually high and no serious adverse effect was reported. In conclusion, supervised PA programs are beneficial for children and adults with PWS. Support should be provided to families to facilitate their implementation in real-life settings.

scholarly journals A systematic review of language and literacy interventions in children and adolescents with English as an additional language (EAL)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Oxley ◽  
Cecile De Cat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Literacy Interventions ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Executive Summary Objective: A synthesis of evidence discussing the effectiveness of language and literacy interventions in children with English as an additional language. Our key research questions were: 1)What intervention studies have been published since 2014 addressing the language and literacy development of children with English as an additional language?2)What is the impact of those interventions?We sought to update a 2015 systematic review evaluating language and literacy outcomes for EAL children (Murphy &amp; Unthiah, 2015) with current intervention studies and to see which of those interventions could be adapted for classrooms in the UK. Methods: Four databases were searched; PsychInfo, British Education Index, Education Resources Information Center and Web of Science. Only peer reviewed journal articles published between 2014 and 2017 and written in English were included. The population tested were children of school age with English as an Additional Language who were classed as typically developing. All interventions had language or literacy as an outcome. Data was extracted using a standardised form and quality was assessed through a risk of bias analysis. From this screening process, 26 studies were eligible for inclusion in the current review. Key Findings: •Explicit vocabulary instruction and targeted oral language practise yield language gains for EAL learners, with a tendency for larger intervention gains in learners with the lowest initial pre-test scores.•Shared reading interventions show positive effects when combined with the pre-teaching of vocabulary, embedded definitions into the text, or post-reading reinforcement activities. •Voice recognition software appears promising, as demonstrated in three interventions with small to medium effects on reading fluency and comprehension. •There is a lack of interventions taking place in the UK.•There is a lack of interventions for adolescents, especially those in upper secondary school (ages 14-18). •More interventions targeting continued professional development for teachers are recommended.Conclusions: Children with English as an additional language can benefit from targeted interventions. Suggestions are made as to how the most beneficial interventions could be replicated in the UK.

scholarly journals Sex/gender considerations in school-based interventions to promote children’s and adolescents’ physical activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Schlund ◽  
Anne K. Reimers ◽  
Jens Bucksch ◽  
Stephanie Linder ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Based Intervention ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
School Based ◽  
The World ◽  
School Based Interventions

AbstractPhysical inactivity is an increasing problem worldwide, but especially among girls. This difference by gender increases with age. Schools serve virtually all young people in most parts of the world and can thus play an important role in promoting physical activity. In this systematic review, we qualitatively and comprehensively assessed the treatment of sex/gender considerations (from study design to discussion of results) in 56 school-based intervention studies aiming to promote physical activity in children and adolescents. In all 56 studies, the factor of sex/gender was only rudimentarily considered, regardless of the effectiveness of the intervention. The meta-analysis revealed that the interventions had significant but relatively small effects with both girls and boys, along with high heterogeneity. To obtain better information about effective strategies that promote physical activity for both girls and boys equally, researchers conducting future intervention studies should pay attention to sex/gender differences and report on how they take this factor into account.

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