scholarly journals Review: Serum Biomarkers of Lung Fibrosis in Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features—What Do We Already Know?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ewa Miądlikowska ◽  
Patrycja Rzepka-Wrona ◽  
Joanna Miłkowska-Dymanowska ◽  
Adam Jerzy Białas ◽  
Wojciech Jerzy Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value ◽  
Circulating Fibrocytes

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) belongs to a group of diseases called interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which are disorders of a varied prognosis and course. Finding sufficiently specific and sensitive biomarkers would enable the progression to be predicted, the natural history to be monitored and patients to be stratified according to their treatment. To assess the significance of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers studied thus far, we searched the PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases for papers published between January 2015 and June 2021. We focused on circulating biomarkers. A primary review of the databases identified 38 articles of potential interest. Overall, seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This review aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of molecules such as KL-6, SP-A, SP-D, circulating fibrocytes, CCL2, CXCL13, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. All of these biomarkers have previously been studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). IPAF is a disorder of a heterogeneous nature. It explains the lack of coherent observations in terms of correlations with functional parameters. There is still no meta-analysis of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers in IPAF. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the methodology and groups analysed in the research. More research in this area is needed.

scholarly journals Comparison of clinical efficacy and safety between dexmedetomidine and propofol among patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 030006052110327
Author(s):  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Wenli Yu ◽  
Hongli Yu ◽  
Mingwei Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Weighted Mean

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine and propofol in patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods Relevant studies comparing dexmedetomidine and propofol among patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy were retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Results Seven relevant studies (dexmedetomidine group, n = 238; propofol group, n = 239) met the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in the induction time (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.95–7.88, I2 = 99%) and recovery time (WMD = 2.74, 95% CI = −2.72–8.19, I2 = 98%). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in the risks of hypotension (risk ratio [RR] = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.25–1.22) and nausea and vomiting (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.46–2.22) between the drugs, whereas dexmedetomidine carried a lower risk of hypoxia (RR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.11–0.63) and higher risk of bradycardia (RR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.38–6.54). Conclusions Dexmedetomidine had similar efficacy and safety profiles as propofol in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Lung Ultrasound and Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1351
Author(s):  
Mengshu Wang ◽  
Xufei Luo ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Janne Estill ◽  
Meng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) and computed tomography (CT) can both be used for diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the agreement between LUS and CT is unknown. Purpose to compare the agreement of LUS and CT in the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by COVID-19. Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane library, Embase, Chinese Biomedicine Literature, and WHO COVID-19 databases to identify studies that compared LUS with CT in the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by COVID-19. We calculated the pooled overall, positive and negative percent agreements, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and the area under the standard receiver operating curve (SROC) for LUS in the diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with CT. Results We identified 1896 records, of which nine studies involving 531 patients were finally included. The pooled overall, positive and negative percentage agreements of LUS for the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by COVID-19 compared with CT were 81% (95% confidence interval [CI] 43–99%), 96% (95% CI, 80–99%, I2 = 92.15%) and 80% (95%CI, 60–92%, I2 = 92.85%), respectively. DOR was 37.41 (95% CI, 9.43–148.49, I2 = 63.9%), and the area under the SROC curve was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.92–0.96). The quality of evidence for both specificity and sensitivity was low because of heterogeneity and risk of bias. Conclusion The level of diagnostic agreement between LUS and CT in the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by COVID-19 is high. LUS can be therefore considered as an equally accurate alternative for CT in situations where molecular tests are not available.

scholarly journals Association between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis and their correlation with disease severity: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052110023
Author(s):  
Qian Zou ◽  
Jiawei Si ◽  
Yatao Guo ◽  
Jiayu Yu ◽  
Huijuan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
Psoriasis Severity

Objective To determine the association between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis and to evaluate the correlation between serum visfatin levels and the severity of psoriasis. Methods The electronic databases PubMed®, Embase® and the Cochrane Library were searched for articles published from inception to 1 May 2020. Data were extracted and then standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for pooled estimates. Results A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included (448 patients diagnosed with psoriasis and 377 controls). This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with psoriasis had significantly higher levels of visfatin than the controls (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI 0.52, 1.28). Subgroup analyses showed that differences in serum visfatin levels between the patient group and the control group were associated with ethnicity, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and body mass index. Additionally, a meta-analysis of correlations showed that visfatin levels in patients with psoriasis were positively correlated with PASI ( r = 0.51, 95% CI 0.14, 0.75). Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that serum visfatin levels in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher than those in the controls and a positive correlation between serum visfatin levels and psoriasis severity was observed.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung diseases at risk of a progressive-fibrosing phenotype

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (150) ◽  
pp. 180077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Olson ◽  
Alex H. Gifford ◽  
Naohiko Inase ◽  
Evans R. Fernández Pérez ◽  
Takafumi Suda
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Broad Overview

The availability of epidemiological data relating to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) has increased over recent years, but information on the prevalence and incidence of ILDs of different aetiologies remains limited. Despite global distribution, the proportion of patients who develop a progressive phenotype across different ILDs is not well known. Disease behaviour is well documented in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis but idiosyncratic in other ILDs that may present a progressive fibrosing phenotype. Possible reasons may include the heterogeneous nature of the aetiology, the complexity of diagnosis (and subsequent documentation of cases) and the methods employed to retrospectively analyse patient databases. This review presents a broad overview of the epidemiological data available for ILDs that may present a progressive-fibrosing phenotype, collectively and stratified according to clinical classification. We also note where further data are needed in comparison to the well-studied IPF indication.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of psychological interventions for anxiety in the perinatal period: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Clinkscales ◽  
Katherine Berlouis ◽  
Lisa Golds ◽  
Angus MacBeth
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Perinatal Anxiety

Background: Anxiety disorders are a relatively common occurring mental health issue during pregnancy and the perinatal period. There is evidence that untreated perinatal anxiety is a risk factor for adverse outcomes for mother and infant. Despite their potential acceptability to users, psychological interventions research for this population is still in its infancy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing perinatal anxiety. Method: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases searched included EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, MIDIRS, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library. Search terms included: Psychological Therapy, Perinatal Period, Antenatal, Postnatal, Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Phobia. Results: The search strategy identified 2025 studies. A total of 21 studies published between 2004 and 2021 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Of those, 17 were included in the meta-analysis. Overall results indicated that psychological interventions were more effective than control conditions in reducing symptoms of perinatal anxiety with a medium post treatment effect size. Significant effect sizes were also identified for online, face-to-face, group and guided self-help treatment modalities. Limitations: A small sample of studies are represented and limited to articles published in English. The review was unable to draw specific conclusions about what works (i.e. therapeutic modality/delivery) for whom (i.e. specific diagnoses) due to purposefully broad inclusion criteria. The longer-term effects of psychological interventions for perinatal anxiety and infant outcomes could not be established. Conclusions: This review demonstrates that psychological interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of both anxiety and comorbid anxiety and depression in the antenatal and postnatal periods. The results also demonstrate the efficacy of delivering such interventions in multiple settings, including online, and in group format. Further research is required to optimise treatment delivery to individual needs.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise on Cardiac Function Outcomes in Women Receiving Anthracycline or Trastuzumab Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8336
Author(s):  
Pedro Antunes ◽  
Dulce Esteves ◽  
Célia Nunes ◽  
Anabela Amarelo ◽  
José Fonseca-Moutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

Background: we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of exercise training on cardiac function and circulating biomarkers outcomes among women with breast cancer (BC) receiving anthracycline or trastuzumab-containing therapy. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. The primary outcome was change on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Secondary outcomes included diastolic function, strain imaging and circulating biomarkers. Results: Four RCTs were included, of those three were conducted during anthracycline and one during trastuzumab, involving 161 patients. All trials provided absolute change in LVEF (%) after a short to medium-term of treatment exposure (≤6 months). Pooled data revealed no differences in LVEF in the exercise group versus control [mean difference (MD): 2.07%; 95% CI: −0.17 to 4.34]. Similar results were observed by pooling data from the three RCTs conducted during anthracycline. Data from trials that implemented interventions with ≥36 exercise sessions (n = 3) showed a significant effect in preventing LVEF decline favoring the exercise (MD: 3.25%; 95% CI: 1.20 to 5.31). No significant changes were observed on secondary outcomes. Conclusions: exercise appears to have a beneficial effect in mitigating LVEF decline and this effect was significant for interventions with ≥36 exercise sessions.

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Cylen Javidan-Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Primary Lung Cancer ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Pathologic Diagnosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents one of the most common chronic interstitial lung diseases. Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the pathologic diagnosis of IPF and can be diagnosed when honeycombing is present with a basilar and peripheral predominance and findings not typical of UIP are absent. In the current era, when a diagnosis of UIP is made with confidence on HRCT, biopsy can be avoided. Yet, one must be familiar with mimics of UIP/IPF (most notably pulmonary edema superimposed on emphysema) to avoid confusion misdiagnosis. Radiologists must also be familiar with potential complications of UIP including progression, infection, accelerated fibrosis (which can be lethal) and primary lung cancer (which has an increased incidence in UIP).

Sensorineural hearing loss with macrolide antibiotics exposure: a meta-analysis of the association

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazed Saleh Alsowaida ◽  
Abdulaziz Saleh Almulhim ◽  
Mok Oh ◽  
Brian Erstad ◽  
Ivo Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Macrolide antibiotics are among the most commonly used antibiotics; the association of macrolide antibiotics exposure with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has been hypothesized. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 15 July 2019 to identify studies used macrolide antibiotics for any indication. The results were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) using random-effects model to derive the association of macrolide antibiotics exposure with SNHL. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association of macrolide antibiotics exposure and SNHL from up-to-date evidence. Key findings Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. There was no statistically significant association between macrolide antibiotics exposure and SNHL; the OR was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.49). No significant association was found with any of the subgroup meta-analyses. Summary Whilst the frequency of SNHL was higher with macrolide antibiotics exposure compared with controls, overall, no association was found between macrolide antibiotics and SNHL.

Surgical Management of Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 019459982094489
Author(s):  
Ryan Kendall Thorpe ◽  
Sohit Paul Kanotra
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives To examine and compare the outcomes of various types of glottic widening surgery (GWS) for initial management of bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) in children, the outcomes of different GWS procedures in children who underwent initial tracheostomy, and the rate of decannulation in children who underwent tracheostomy alone versus tracheostomy followed by GWS. Data Sources PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) on September 9, 2019, with no date restriction. Review Methods Articles focusing on GWS or tracheostomy for initial management of BVFP were included. Articles describing patients who received no surgical intervention for BVFP were excluded. Results A total of 5989 articles were reviewed: 67 articles met inclusion criteria, and 240 patients were incorporated into the analysis. Patients who underwent primary GWS had an eventual tracheostomy rate of 6.0% (5/83). There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of tracheostomy, reoperation, or mortality among cricoid split, suture lateralization, and cordectomy/cordotomy. Patients who underwent primary tracheostomy failed to achieve decannulation in 36.9% (58/157) of cases. Decannulation was more likely in tracheostomized children who received GWS than those who did not (odds ratio, 6.336; P < .0001). Conclusions Most children who undergo primary GWS for BVFP avoid tracheostomy or reoperation. These data demonstrated no differences in surgical outcomes among the most common types of GWS for BVFP. For children who receive a tracheostomy as their first intervention for BVFP, GWS is associated with a significantly improved rate of decannulation.

scholarly journals Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Grade 2 Furcation Defects: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Francesco Tarallo ◽  
Leonardo Mancini ◽  
Luciano Pitzurra ◽  
Sergio Bizzarro ◽  
Michele Tepedino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Furcation Defects ◽  
Secondary Outcomes

In periodontitis patients, furcation defects are crucial sites to regenerate due to their complex anatomy. Various modern surgical techniques and use of biomaterials have been suggested in the literature. Among all, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has potential in tissue regeneration thanks to its role in the release of growth factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of the addition of PRF to open flap debridement (OFD) or as an adjuvant to other biomaterials such as bone grafts in the treatment of grade 2 mandibular furcation defects. Systematic research was carried out on the databases Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020167662). According to the PICO guidelines by Cochrane, randomized trials and prospective non-randomized trials were evaluated, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The inclusion criteria were the absence of systemic diseases, non-smoking patients, and a population aged from 18 to 65 years. Vertical pocket probing depth (PPD), vertical clinical attachment level (VCAL), and gingival recession (REC) were the primary outcomes. Vertical furcation depth (VFD), and the percentage of bone defect fill (%v-BDF) were considered as secondary outcomes. A meta-analysis of the primary and secondary outcomes was performed. Publication bias was assessed through a funnel plot. Eighty-four articles were initially extracted. Eight randomized clinical trials were analyzed according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria. The Quality assessment instrument (QAI) revealed four articles at low risk of bias, one at moderate, and three at high risk of bias. The metanalysis showed significant data regarding PPD, VCAL, VFD and %v-BDF in the comparison between PRF + OFD vs. OFD alone. The adjunct of PRF to a bone graft showed a significant difference for VCAL and a not statistically significant result for the other involved parameters. In conclusion, the adjunctive use of PRF to OFD seems to enhance the periodontal regeneration in the treatment of grade 2 furcation defects. The combination of PRF and bone graft did not show better clinical results, except for VCAL, although the amount of literature with low risk of bias is scarce. Further well-designed studies to evaluate the combination of these two materials are therefore needed.

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