scholarly journals A Compound Hop Index for Assessing Soccer Players’ Performance

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
Aleksandra Królikowska ◽  
Anna Mika ◽  
Maciej Kuchciak ◽  
Daniel Szymczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Single Score ◽  
Soccer Team

Athletes regularly have to pass a series of tests, among which one of the most frequently used functional performance measures are single-leg hop tests. As the collected individual results of tests constitute a large amount of data, strategies to decrease the amount of data without reducing the number of performed tests are being searched for. Therefore, the study aimed to present an effective method to reduce the hop-test battery data to a single score, namely, the Compound Hop Index (CHI) in the example of a soccer team. A male, first-league soccer team performed a battery of commonly used single-leg hop tests, including single hop and triple hop for distance tests and the six-meter timed hop test. Gathered data, including Limb Symmetry Indexes of the three tests, normalized to body height for the single- and triple-hop-tests distance separately for right and left legs, and the time of the six-meter timed hop test separately for right and left legs were standardized to z-scores. Consecutively, the z-scores were averaged and formed CHI. The developed CHI represents a novel score derived from the average of z-scores that significantly reduces, clarifies, and organizes the hop performance-measures data.

Associations Between Functional and Isolated Performance Measures in College Women’s Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. McCann ◽  
Kyle B. Kosik ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
Megan Q. Beard ◽  
Gretchen E. Buskirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hip Strength ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Women's Soccer

Context:The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) are functional performance measures capable of predicting lower-extremity injury risk. While suboptimal SEBT and FMS performances are influenced by multiple factors, the contribution of hip strength and flexibility to these tests is mostly unknown. Examination of hip strength and flexibility influences on the SEBT and FMS may direct clinicians to better methods of correcting functional deficits.Objective:Determine the relationships of isometric hip strength and hip passive range of motion (PROM) with functional performance measures.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Athletic training facility.Participants:43 NCAA Division I women’s soccer players (19.65 ± 1.12 y; 166.93 ± 3.84 cm; 60.99 ± 4.31 kg) volunteered.Data Collection and Analysis:All participants were tested bilaterally in the SEBT; the deep squat, in-line lunge, hurdle step, and straight leg raise, comprising a lower-extremity FMS (FMS-LE); hip internal and external rotation PROM; and isometric hip extension strength (HEXT). The mean of the 3 averaged, normalized SEBT scores was used as a composite score. Pearson product moment correlations assessed relationships of SEBT and FMS-LE scores with PROM and HEXT. Significance was set a priori at P < .05.Results:Pearson correlations revealed anterior (ANT) SEBT scores had a low negative association with HEXT (r = –0.33,P = .004) and a low positive association with hip internal rotation PROM (PROM-IR) (r = .43,P = .003). All other correlations were negligible.Conclusions:Flexibility training aimed at PROM-IR may contribute to improved ANT scores. Targeting HEXT and hip external rotation PROM are likely not preferred means of correcting deficits in SEBT and FMS-LE performance.

Evolution of Functional Recovery using Hop Test Assessment after ACL Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 696-704
Author(s):  
Alexandre J.M. Rambaud ◽  
Jérémy Rossi ◽  
Thomas Neri ◽  
Pierre Samozino ◽  
Pascal Edouard
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Symmetry Index ◽  
Limb Symmetry Index ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate improvements in functional performance through the use of the Limb Symmetry Index of Single and Triple Hop tests between 12 and 52 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and to compare these values with usual time-based and performance-based criteria used during the return to sport continuum. Repeated functional assessments using Single and Triple Hop Tests at 12, 16, 22, 26, 39 and 52 postoperative weeks were evaluated. At each session, the median and interquartile range of Limb Symmetry Index of tests were calculated and compared with the usual criteria: return to participation:≥85%, between 12–16 w; return to play:≥90%, between 26–39 w. The results indicate that the median increased over time to 39 postoperative weeks and then stabilized. For Single Hop Test, wide variability was seen at 12 and 16 weeks (interquartile range=20%); this was lower from 22 to 52 weeks (interquartile range=8–6%). At 12 weeks for Single Hop Test, the median was 83.6% and did not meet>85% criteria for return to participation. Hop tests could be interesting functional tests to follow the functional recovery and help decision-making regarding return to participation and return to play.

Hop Performance After Return to Sport in Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Gaelic Football and Hurling Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Damien Murphy ◽  
Quinette A. Louw ◽  
Colum Moloney ◽  
Dominique Leibbrandt ◽  
Amanda M. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Purpose: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most severe injuries in the Gaelic Athletic Association. Hop tests measure functional performance after ACL reconstruction as they replicate the key requirements for a match situation. However, research examining functional recovery of ACL-reconstructed Gaelic athletes is lacking. The objective of this study is to determine if athletes restore normal hop symmetry after ACL reconstruction and to examine if bilateral deficiencies persist in hop performance following return to sport. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate hop performance of 30 ACL-reconstructed Gaelic athletes who had returned to competition and 30 uninjured controls in a battery of hop tests including a single, 6-m, triple, and triple-crossover hop test. Results: In each test, the mean symmetry score of the ACL reconstruction group was above the cutoff for normal performance of 90% adopted by this study (98%, 99%, 97%, and 99% for the single, 6-m, triple, and triple-crossover hop, respectively). No significant differences in absolute hop scores emerged between involved and control limbs, with the exception of the single-hop test where healthy dominant limbs hopped significantly further than ACL-reconstructed dominant limbs (P = .02). No significant deficits were identified on the noninvolved side. Conclusions: The majority of ACL-reconstructed Gaelic athletes demonstrate normal levels of hop symmetry after returning to competition. Suboptimal hop performance can persist on the involved side compared with control limbs. Targeted rehabilitation may be warranted after returning to competition to restore performance to levels of healthy uninjured athletes.

scholarly journals Is It Time We Better Understood the Tests We are Using for Return to Sport Decision Making Following ACL Reconstruction? A Critical Review of the Hop Tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Davies ◽  
Gregory D. Myer ◽  
Paul J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Current Function ◽  
Hop Tests ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThere has been a move towards a criterion-based return to play in recent years, with 4 single-leg hop tests commonly used to assess functional performance. Despite their widespread integration, research indicates that relationships between ‘passing’ ‘hop test criteria and successful outcomes following rehabilitation are equivocal, and, therefore, require further investigation. This critical review includes key information to examine the evolution of these tests, their reliability, relationships with other constructs, and sensitivity to change over time. Recommendations for how measurement and administration of the tests can be improved are also discussed. The evidence presented in this review shows that hop tests display good reliability and are sensitive to change over time. However, the use of more than 2 hop tests does not appear to be necessary due to high collinearity and no greater sensitivity to detect abnormality. The inclusion of other hop tests in different planes may give greater information about the current function of the knee, particularly when measured over time using both relative and absolute measures of performance. It is recommended that the contralateral limb be tested prior to surgery for a more relevant benchmark for performance, and clinicians are strongly advised to measure movement quality, as hop distance alone appears to overestimate the recovery of the knee.

scholarly journals Postural control and functional performance after core training in young soccer players

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Kaan Aslan ◽  
Nurtekin Erkmen ◽  
Samet Aktaş ◽  
Faruk Güven
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Core Training ◽  
Balance Error

This study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week core training on balance and functional performance of young soccer players. Thirty young soccer players (age: 16.23 ± 0.69 years) were included in the study. Soccer players were randomly divided into two equal groups as control group and training group. The balance performance was measured with Balance Error Scoring System. Pro Agility Test was used for determining agility. The standing broad jump test used in order to detect explosive power of leg muscles was conducted in accordance with Eurofit Test Battery. Standing broad jump values were gathered for both of the legs, dominant leg and non-dominant leg. Triple-Hop Test was used to specify muscle strength, power and balance properties of subjects. Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between groups and Wilcoxon test for pretest-posttest comparison were used. It was observed that standing broad jump in dominant leg of the training group increased after 8-week core training (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant change (p>0.05) in control group. After 8-week core training, standing broad jump performance with double-leg didn’t show any statistically significant difference for both of the groups (p>0.05). After the training, triple-hop test performance in the training group increased significantly (p<0.05), but there wasn’t any change for control group (p>0.05). When pretest-posttest performance results of subjects are compared it has been observed that agility test completion time of experimental group significantly decreased as 1. 10 yard (p<0.05), 2. 10 yard (p<0.05) and totally (p<0.05). On the other hand, a similar decrease was observed in control group as well (1. 10 yard: Z=-2.201; p<0.05, 2. 10 yard: Z=-1.992; p<0.05) and totally Z=-2.201; p<0.05). After an 8-week training, an statistically significant change wasn’t observed in soccer players’ balance performance measured by Balance Error Scoring System for both the training group and control group in all BESS scores  p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the research indicate that the soccer-specific 8-week core training program can improve the performance of broad jump and triple jump in non-dominant legs of young soccer players. On the other hand, the results indicates that it may not affect long jump, agility and balance performance in dominant leg.

scholarly journals Effect of Resisted Sprint and Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Functional Performance in Collegiate Male Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6702
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Gokulakannan Kandasamy ◽  
Danah Alyahya ◽  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Collegiate Football

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of resisted sprint and plyometric training on sprint performance together with lower limb physiological and functional performance in collegiate football players. Ninety collegiate football players participated in this three-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups: resisted sprint training (RST) (n = 30), plyometric training (PT) (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Participants received their respective training program for six weeks on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were a knee extensor strength test (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer), a sprint test and a single leg triple hop test. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks post-training. Participants, caregivers, and those assigning the outcomes were blinded to the group assignment. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare between groups, within-group and the interaction between time and group. A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the baseline with the 6 weeks post-intervention scores for all the outcomes including STN (RST: d = 1.63; PT: d = 2.38; Control: d = 2.26), ST (RST: d = 1.21; PT: d = 1.36; Control: d = 0.38), and SLTHT (RST: d = 0.76; PT: d = 0.61; Control: d = 0.18). A sub-group analysis demonstrated an increase in strength in the plyometric training group (95% CI 14.73 to 15.09, p = 0.00), an increase in the single leg triple hop test in the resisted sprint training group (95% CI 516.41 to 538.4, p = 0.05), and the sprint test was also improved in both experimental groups (95% CI 8.54 to 8.82, p = 0.00). Our findings suggest that, during a short-term training period, RST or PT training are equally capable of enhancing the neuromechanical capacities of collegiate football players. No adverse events were reported by the participants.

scholarly journals Internal and External Training Load in Under-19 versus Professional Soccer Players during the In-Season Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Sullivan Coppalle ◽  
Guillaume Ravé ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Iyed Salhi ◽  
Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
External Training ◽  
Soccer Team

This study aimed to compare the training load of a professional under-19 soccer team (U-19) to that of an elite adult team (EAT), from the same club, during the in-season period. Thirty-nine healthy soccer players were involved (EAT [n = 20]; U-19 [n = 19]) in the study which spanned four weeks. Training load (TL) was monitored as external TL, using a global positioning system (GPS), and internal TL, using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE). TL data were recorded after each training session. During soccer matches, players’ RPEs were recorded. The internal TL was quantified daily by means of the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) using Borg’s 0–10 scale. For GPS data, the selected running speed intensities (over 0.5 s time intervals) were 12–15.9 km/h; 16–19.9 km/h; 20–24.9 km/h; >25 km/h (sprint). Distances covered between 16 and 19.9 km/h, > 20 km/h and >25 km/h were significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT over the course of the study (p =0.023, d = 0.243, small; p = 0.016, d = 0.298, small; and p = 0.001, d = 0.564, small, respectively). EAT players performed significantly fewer sprints per week compared to U-19 players (p = 0.002, d = 0.526, small). RPE was significantly higher in U-19 compared to EAT (p =0.001, d = 0.188, trivial). The external and internal measures of TL were significantly higher in the U-19 group compared to the EAT soccer players. In conclusion, the results obtained show that the training load is greater in U19 compared to EAT.

scholarly journals Associations between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tests and Physical Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Elena Pardos-Mainer ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Physical Tests

The association between asymmetries in jump and change of direction (COD) with physical performance in several sports show inconclusive results. The purposes of this study were to: (1) measure inter-limb asymmetries in three distinct groups in adolescent female soccer players and, (2) to determine the association between inter-limb asymmetries and physical performance in different age groups. Fifty-four players were distributed in three age groups: U-18, U-16 and U-14. All of them performed a series of jumps, sprints and change of direction speed tests. Asymmetries were assessed as the percentage difference between limbs, with the equation: 100/Max value (right and left) * in value (right and left) * −1 + 100. Mean inter-limb asymmetries were 2.91%, 4.82% and 11.6% for 180° COD, single leg hop and single leg countermovement jump tests respectively, but higher percentages of asymmetries were observed in many players individually. U-18 and U-16 showed significant differences on 180° left COD compared to U-14. Effect size (ES): 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; U-18 presented differences on single left leg hop test compared to U-14, ES: −0.72; U-16 also showed differences on 40 m speed compared to U-14, ES 0.87 (All p < 0.05). Jumping and COD physical tests show asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players, but these asymmetries do not interfere with physical performance. The largest asymmetry was observed in the single leg countermovement jump, and no asymmetries between groups were found. Due to the high variability in the direction of asymmetries, it is recommended to consider players’ individual asymmetries for designing specific training programs.

scholarly journals Accelerometry-Based External Load Indicators in Sport: Too Many Options, Same Practical Outcome?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona ◽  
José Pino-Ortega ◽  
Braulio Sánchez-Ureña ◽  
Sergio J. Ibáñez ◽  
Daniel Rojas-Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
External Load ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Impulse Load ◽  
Soccer Team

With the development of new microsensor technology to assess load in sports, some indicators of external load through accelerometry-based data have been created by sport technology companies. Thus, the study aim was to analyze the agreement between different accelerometry-based external load indicators (ABELIs) available in sport science. A U-16 male soccer team was assessed during three official matches, divided by periods, to obtain 3-D accelerometry data (x, y and z axes). An average of 1,420,000 data points was analyzed per axis per player. The ABELIs were calculated using this information, and the agreement between them was explored. The following ABELIs were considered after a literature review: AcelT, Player LoadRT, PlayerLoadTM, Impulse Load, Player LoadRE and Total Load. In order to compare ABELIs, two analyses were performed using: (1) absolute data; and (2) normalized and centered data (Z-scores). In absolute and centered data, very large to nearly perfect correlations (1st period: r > 0.803, p > 0.01; 2nd period: r > 0.919; p > 0.01) were found. Instead, very large differences were found in absolute values (bias = −579,226.6 to 285,931.1; t = −224.66 to 213.91, p < 0.01), and no differences in scaled and centered values (bias = 0; t = 1; p = 1). In conclusion, considering the different output (magnitude and units) among ABELIs, the standardization of a universal index to calculate accelerometer load is needed in order to make possible between-study comparison.

scholarly journals „Z”-scores of anthropometric and motor parameters of girls in aerobic gymnastics

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
M. Tibenská ◽  
H. Medeková
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Shuttle Run

Abstract This study presents the evaluation of chosen anthropometric and motor parameters in group of female junior competitors throughout the course of 2-year preparation of aerobic gymnastics by means of Z-scores. The observed group consisted of 12 girls (average age at the beginning of observance 14.08 ± 1.19 years). Evaluation of anthropometric (body height, body weight, body mass index, percentage of body fat, acting body weight) and motor parameters (sit-ups in 30 seconds and 60 seconds, pull-ups to bar, modified push-ups, standing long jump, backwards tandem walking, shuttle run 4×10 m, Jacík’s test) was carried out in standard conditions in nine girls at 3-month intervals. It has been confirmed that female probands with higher Z-score of motor parameters together with lower Z-score of anthropometric parameters achieved higher sport performance during the 2-year observance at competitions, with an exception of one such proband.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document