scholarly journals Effectiveness of Creatine Supplementation on Aging Muscle and Bone: Focus on Falls Prevention and Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Philip D. Chilibeck ◽  
Stephen M. Cornish ◽  
Jose Antonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Aging Muscle

Sarcopenia, defined as the age-related decrease in muscle mass, strength and physical performance, is associated with reduced bone mass and elevated low-grade inflammation. From a healthy aging perspective, interventions which overcome sarcopenia are clinically relevant. Accumulating evidence suggests that exogenous creatine supplementation has the potential to increase aging muscle mass, muscle performance, and decrease the risk of falls and possibly attenuate inflammation and loss of bone mineral. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to: (1) summarize the effects of creatine supplementation, with and without resistance training, in aging adults and discuss possible mechanisms of action, (2) examine the effects of creatine on bone biology and risk of falls, (3) evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of creatine and (4) determine the safety of creatine supplementation in aging adults.

scholarly journals Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Darren G. Candow ◽  
Scott C. Forbes ◽  
Ben Kirk ◽  
Gustavo Duque
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Muscle

Sarcopenia, defined as age-related reduction in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, is associated with other age-related health conditions such as osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical frailty, and cachexia. From a healthy aging perspective, lifestyle interventions that may help overcome characteristics and associated comorbidities of sarcopenia are clinically important. One possible intervention is creatine supplementation (CR). Accumulating research over the past few decades shows that CR, primarily when combined with resistance training (RT), has favourable effects on aging muscle, bone and fat mass, muscle and bone strength, and tasks of physical performance in healthy older adults. However, research is very limited regarding the efficacy of CR in older adults with sarcopenia or osteoporosis and no research exists in older adults with osteosarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical frailty, or cachexia. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is (1) to evaluate and summarize current research involving CR, with and without RT, on properties of muscle and bone in older adults and (2) to provide a rationale and justification for future research involving CR in older adults with osteosarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical frailty, or cachexia.

Hepatic macrophage accumulation with aging: cause for concern?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Bloomer ◽  
Eric Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hepatic Macrophages ◽  
Liver Macrophage ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Hepatic Macrophage

Aging is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation that adversely affects physiological function. The liver regulates systemic inflammation; it is a source of cytokine production and also scavenges bacteria from the portal circulation to prevent infection of other organs. The cells with primary roles in these functions, hepatic macrophages, become more numerous in the liver with "normal" aging (i.e. in the absence of disease). Here we demonstrate evidence and potential mechanisms for this phenomenon, which include augmented tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the liver. Also, we discuss how an age-related impairment in autophagy within macrophages leads to a pro-oxidative state and ensuing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6). Given that the liver is a rich source of macrophages, we posit that it represents a major source of the elevated systemic IL-6 observed with aging, which is associated with physiological dysfunction. Testing a causal role for liver macrophage production of IL-6 during aging remains a challenge, yet interventions that have targeted macrophages and/or IL-6 have demonstrated promise in treating age-related diseases. These studies have demonstrated an age-related, deleterious reprogramming of macrophage function, which worsens pathology. Therefore, hepatic macrophage accrual is indeed a cause for concern, and therapies that attenuate the aged phenotype of macrophages will likely prove useful in promoting healthy aging.

Automated rodent in situ muscle contraction assay and myofiber organization analysis in sarcopenia animal models

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 2087-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Weber ◽  
A. Rauch ◽  
S. Adamski ◽  
K. Chakravarthy ◽  
A. Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Aging ◽  
Age Related

Age-related sarcopenia results in frailty and decreased mobility, which are associated with increased falls and long-term disability in the elderly. Given the global increase in lifespan, sarcopenia is a growing, unmet medical need. This report aims to systematically characterize muscle aging in preclinical models, which may facilitate the development of sarcopenia therapies. Naïve rats and mice were subjected to noninvasive micro X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging, terminal in situ muscle function characterizations, and ATPase-based myofiber analysis. We developed a Definiens (Parsippany, NJ)-based algorithm to automate micro-CT image analysis, which facilitates longitudinal in vivo muscle mass analysis. We report development and characterization of translational in situ skeletal muscle performance assay systems in rat and mouse. The systems incorporate a custom-designed animal assay stage, resulting in enhanced force measurement precision, and LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, TX)-based algorithms to support automated data acquisition and data analysis. We used ATPase-staining techniques for myofibers to characterize fiber subtypes and distribution. Major parameters contributing to muscle performance were identified using data mining and integration, enabled by Labmatrix (BioFortis, Columbia, MD). These technologies enabled the systemic and accurate monitoring of muscle aging from a large number of animals. The data indicated that longitudinal muscle cross-sectional area measurement effectively monitors change of muscle mass and function during aging. Furthermore, the data showed that muscle performance during aging is also modulated by myofiber remodeling factors, such as changes in myofiber distribution patterns and changes in fiber shape, which affect myofiber interaction. This in vivo muscle assay platform has been applied to support identification and validation of novel targets for the treatment of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Older Adults With Frailty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuShuang Xu ◽  
XiangJie Liu ◽  
XiaoXia Liu ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
MengMeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Frailty is a major public issue that affects the physical health and quality of life of older adults, especially as the population ages. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been speculated to accelerate the aging process as well as the development of age-related diseases such as frailty. Intestinal homeostasis plays a crucial role in healthy aging. The interaction between the microbiome and the host regulates the inflammatory response. Emerging evidence indicates that in older adults with frailty, the diversity and composition structure of gut microbiota are altered. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota composition and in their metabolites contribute to increased gut permeability and imbalances in immune function. In this review, we aim to: identify gut microbiota changes in the aging and frail populations; summarize the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of frailty; and outline how gut microbiota may be related to the pathogenesis of frailty, more specifically, in the regulation of gut-derived chronic inflammation. Although additional research is needed, the regulation of gut microbiota may represent a safe, easy, and inexpensive intervention to counteract the chronic inflammation leading to frailty.

The Gut Microbiome, Metformin, and Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Nitya Reddy Induri ◽  
Payalben Kansara ◽  
Scott C. Thomas ◽  
Fangxi Xu ◽  
Deepak Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Metformin has been extensively used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it may also promote healthy aging. Despite its widespread use and versatility, metformin's mechanisms of action remain elusive. The gut typically harbors thousands of bacterial species, and as the concentration of metformin is much higher in the gut as compared to plasma, it is plausible that microbiome-drug-host interactions may influence the functions of metformin. Detrimental perturbations in the aging gut microbiome lead to the activation of the innate immune response concomitant with chronic low-grade inflammation. With the effectiveness of metformin in diabetes and antiaging varying among individuals, there is reason to believe that the gut microbiome plays a role in the efficacy of metformin. Metformin has been implicated in the promotion and maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome and reduces many age-related degenerative pathologies. Mechanistic understanding of metformin in the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome and aging will require a systems-level approach. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Repair and Remodelling in Aging: The Importance of Muscle Stem Cells and Vascularization

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Joanisse ◽  
Joshua P. Nederveen ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Bryon R. McKay ◽  
Gianni Parise
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Muscle

Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Ultimately, sarcopenia results in the loss of independence, which imposes a large financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. A critical facet of sarcopenia is the diminished ability for aged muscle to regenerate, repair and remodel. Over the years, research has focused on elucidating underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia and the impaired ability of muscle to respond to stimuli with aging. Muscle-specific stem cells, termed satellite cells (SC), play an important role in maintaining muscle health throughout the lifespan. It is well established that SC are essential in skeletal muscle regeneration, and it has been hypothesized that a reduction and/or dysregulation of the SC pool, may contribute to accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass that is observed with advancing age. The preservation of skeletal muscle tissue and its ability to respond to stimuli may be impacted by reduced SC content and impaired function observed with aging. Aging is also associated with a reduction in capillarization of skeletal muscle. We have recently demonstrated that the distance between type II fibre-associated SC and capillaries is greater in older compared to younger adults. The greater distance between SC and capillaries in older adults may contribute to the dysregulation in SC activation ultimately impairing muscle's ability to remodel and, in extreme circumstances, regenerate. This viewpoint will highlight the importance of optimal SC activation in addition to skeletal muscle capillarization to maximize the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle in older adults.

scholarly journals Accumulation of intramuscular toxic lipids, a link between fat mass accumulation and sarcopenia

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Capel ◽  
Alexandre Pinel ◽  
Stéphane Walrand
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Intramyocellular Lipids ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Muscle Protein Metabolism ◽  
And Function

Aging is characterized by a loss in muscle mass and function, which is defined as sarcopenia. It weakens individuals by increasing the risk of falls and altering their quality of life. The loss of muscle mass results from the age-related impairment of the anabolic effect of nutrients and insulin, which normally increase and decrease muscle protein synthesis and degradation rates respectively. Alterations in muscle protein metabolism have been related to the accumulation of body fat and intramyocellular lipids. In particular, some lipid species such as ceramides or diacylglycerols have been described as inhibitors of the insulin signaling pathway in different models. Accumulation of these molecules in skeletal muscle could result from a lowered buffering capacity of circulating fatty acids by adipose tissue in response to the meal, a reduction of mitochondrial oxidative capacities or chronic inflammation. However, some nutritional strategies have been identified to limit or prevent the accumulation of lipotoxic metabolites and to improve the sensitivity of muscle to nutrients or insulin.

scholarly journals Alterations in Diffusion Measures of White Matter Integrity Associated with Healthy Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara J Molloy ◽  
Sinead Nugent ◽  
Arun L W Bokde
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
B Value ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Normal Appearing White Matter ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to characterize age-related white matter changes by evaluating patterns of overlap between the linear association of age with fractional anisotropy (FA) with mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Specifically, we assessed patterns of overlap between diffusion measures of normal appearing white matter by covarying for white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load, as WMHs are thought to increase with age and impact diffusion measures. Seventy-nine healthy adults aged between 18 and 75 years took part in the study. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were based on 61 directions acquired with a b-value of 2,000. We found five main patterns of overlap: FA alone (15.95%); FA and RD (31.90%); FA and AD (12.99%); FA, RD, and AD (27.93%); and FA, RD, and MD (8.79%). We showed that cognitively healthy aging adults had low WMH load, which subsequently had minimal effect on diffusion measures. We discuss how patterns of overlap may reflect underlying biological changes observed with aging such as loss of myelination, axonal damage, as well as mild microstructural and chronic white matter impairments. This study contributes to understanding the underlying causes of degeneration in specific regions of the brain and highlights the importance of considering the impact of WMHs in aging studies of white matter.

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