scholarly journals Impact of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Conducted in Living Kidney Donors on Renal Function in Donors and Recipients Following Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Bang ◽  
Sae-Gyeol Kim ◽  
Jimi Oh ◽  
Seon-Ok Kim ◽  
Yon-Ji Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Living Kidney Donors ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control

Although remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to have renoprotective effects, few studies have assessed the effects of RIPC on renal function in living kidney donors. This study investigated whether RIPC performed in living kidney donors could improve residual renal function in donors and outcomes in recipients following kidney transplantation. The donors were randomized into a control group (n = 85) and a RIPC group (n = 85). The recipients were included according to the matched donors. Serum creatinine (sCr) concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were compared between control and RIPC groups in donors and recipients. Delayed graft function, acute rejection, and graft failure within one year after transplantation were evaluated in recipients. sCr was significantly increased in the control group (mean, 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.18) than the RIPC group (1.01; 95% CI, 0.95–1.07) (p = 0.003) at discharge. Donors with serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dL at discharge had higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (n = 6, 26.1%) than donors with a normal serum creatinine level (n = 8, 5.4%) (p = 0.003) after one year. sCr concentrations and eGFR were similar in the RIPC and control groups of recipients over the one-year follow-up period. Among recipients, no outcome variables differed significantly in the RIPC and control groups. RIPC was effective in improving early renal function in kidney donors but did not improve renal function in recipients.

scholarly journals P1663CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING RESIDUAL RENAL FUNCTION AFTER LIVING DONOR NEPHRECTOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Okubo ◽  
Hideki Yokoi ◽  
Kaoru Sakai ◽  
Takeshi Matsubara ◽  
Motoko Yanagita
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Kidney Volume ◽  
Nephron Number ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Protocol Biopsy ◽  
Living Kidney Donors ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract Background and Aims Renal function decreases with aging. Aging is associated with significant changes in structure and function of the kidney. On the macrostructural level, kidney cortical volume decreases, therefore total kidney volume (TKV) also decreases with aging. On the microstructural level, the number of glomerulosclerosis increases, therefore nephron number decreases with aging. Some reports show that the decline of TKV and nephron number is accompanied by a reduction in renal function. However, in the field of living kidney transplantation, TKV and glomerulosclerosis are not fully evaluated as factors influencing the donor’s post-transplant renal function. Living kidney transplantation is an established renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease patients. To predict living kidney recipient’s renal function, one-hour protocol biopsy is conducted during the operation. From one-hour protocol biopsy, donor’s pathophysiological findings such as glomerulosclerosis can be evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the correlation of potential influencing factors including TKV and glomerulosclerosis with pre- and post-transplant renal function in living kidney donors. Method This is a retrospective study including all 37 living related kidney donors seen at Kyoto University Hospital from January 2013 to April 2019. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using equation for Japanese population from serum creatinine levels at pre- and post-transplant. TKV was calculated from the 3D volume-rendered images of enhanced CT (=π/6×length×width×thickness), and adjusted to standard body surface area (BSA) by individual BSA. The ratio of number of non-glomerulosclerosis per that of whole glomeruli (non-GS) was evaluated by protocol renal biopsy at one hour after renal reperfusion. This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee on human research of the Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University. Results We evaluated 37 living kidney donors (35.1% male, mean age 58.2 ± 12.0 years). Mean pre-transplant eGFR was 75.7 ± 12.1 ml/min/1.73m2, mean post-transplant eGFR; 44.9 ± 7.75 ml/min/1.73m2, adjusted TKV (aTKV); 349.3 ± 58.4 ml, and non-GS; 0.892 ± 0.086. Pre-transplant eGFR was associated with aTKV and aTKV×nonGS (r=0.525, 0.569 respectively, p<0.01). Post-transplant eGFR was associated with age (≧65 years old, p<0.01), aTKV, non-GS, and aTKV×non-GS (r=0.527, 0.344, 0.626 respectively, p<0.05). The rate of eGFR decline was associated with age (≧65 years old, p=0.044), but not with aTKV and non-GS, aTKV×non-GS. Conclusion These results suggest that non-GS and age are correlated with post-transplant renal function but not pre-transplant renal function in living kidney donor, and the decline rate of eGFR are correlated with age.

scholarly journals Study of serum homocysteine level in patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with renal function and serum albumin

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Vandana Yadav ◽  
Vivek Prakash ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Maheep Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
And Control

 Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes irreversible destruction of nephrons leading to progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate. A preferential defect in Homocysteine disposal could hypothetically occur in CKD and subsequently lead to hyperhomocysteinemia. Understanding the status of Homocysteine and other parameters in CKD is useful in the management of the disease. Objective of the study is to estimate serum Homocysteine in CKD patients and its association with renal function and serum albumin in patients with CKD.Methods: The study design involves hospital based observational comparative study. The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry in association with Department of Nephrology of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur between May 2017 to June 2018. 100 diagnosed patients of CKD, visiting the Outpatient Department of Nephrology were enrolled as cases for the study. Patients having cardiovascular disease, Chronic liver disease, Age more than 60 years and pregnant females were excluded from study. The control group consists of 100 age and sex matched healthy individuals.Results: The mean serum creatinine levels of case and control group were 7.50±3.74 mg% and 0.83±0.22 mg% respectively. The mean of serum homocysteine levels of subject group was 27.35±12.52 µmol/L while the mean serum homocysteine levels of control group was 11.06±3.52 µmol/L. The serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the CKD patient group. The serum level of albumin in CKD patients and control group were 2.86±0.86 g/dl and 4.10±0.58 g/dl respectively. A positive correlation was found between serum creatinine and serum homocysteine levels. A negative correlation between serum homocysteine and serum albumin was found.Conclusions: Findings of the present study exhibit that serum homocysteine levels are elevated in CKD in comparison to healthy controls and it is positively correlated with serum creatinine level.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Operculectomy in the Treatment of 145 Cases with Unerupted Second Molars: A Retrospective Case–Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Abate ◽  
Davide Cavagnetto ◽  
Andrea Fama ◽  
Marco Matarese ◽  
Francesca Bellincioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lower Arch ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study is to assess whether operculectomy in patients with retained second molars eases spontaneous tooth eruption in respect to untreated controls. Two hundred and twenty-two patients with delayed eruption of at least one second molar were selected from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics, Milan, Italy. Eighty-eight patients, 40 males and 48 females (mean age 14.8 ± 1.3 years), met the inclusion criteria. Records were then divided into case and control groups. The case group consisted of patients that underwent removal of the overlaying mucosa over second molars (i.e., operculectomy) and the control group consisted of subjects who retained their operculum over an unerupted second molar and were followed for one year without performing any treatment. A total of 145 impacted second molars were considered (75 cases, 70 controls). A risk ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to compare the prevalence of eruption in the two groups. Spontaneous eruption occurred in 93.3% of cases in the operculectomy group (70/75), while in the control group, 10% teeth erupted spontaneously (7/70). Spontaneous eruption in the upper arch occurred in 95.2% of cases among treated patients (40 out of 42), while in the lower arch, spontaneous eruption occurred in 90.9% of cases (30 out of 33). Spontaneous eruption of the upper second molars in the control group occurred in 8.5% of cases (3 out of 35), while in the lower arch, it occurred in 8.5% (3 out of 35). Operculectomy can ease the spontaneous eruption of retained second molars and reduce the chances of inclusion.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetylcysteine against Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
Shirinsadat Badri ◽  
Rasool Soltani ◽  
Mina Sayadi ◽  
Farzin Khorvash ◽  
Mohsen Meidani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Background: The proposed mechanism of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity (VIN) is indirect production of reactive oxygen species in the kidney tissue. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant agent, in the prevention of VIN. Methods: Patients who received vancomycin for any indication were randomly divided to drug (NAC) and control groups. The patients in the drug group received oral NAC 600 mg every 12 hours for 10 days, starting concurrently with vancomycin. Serum creatinine (SCr) levels and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) as well as creatinine clearance (CrCl) and 12-hour urine volume were recorded at baseline, every other day during the study, and 12 hours after the last dose of vancomycin on the 10th day. Furthermore, the cases of acute kidney injury (AKI; ≥ 0.5 mg/dL or at least 50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline) were recorded in the two groups. Results: Over the study period, 84 and 95 patients completed the study in drug and control groups, respectively. SCr and CrCl were significantly lower and higher, respectively, at all-time points (except for baseline) in the NAC compared to the control group. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, 12 cases of vancomycin-induced AKI were observed in the control group (12.63%), while 4 cases (4.76%) were reported from drug group (P = 0.066; relative risk [RR] = 0.377, 95% CI: 0.126–1.124). Conclusion: NAC has the potential for reduction of VIN. However, more studies are necessary to confirm this effect.

scholarly journals P1620PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RENAL BIOPSY QUANTITATIVE HISTOLOGY IN LIVING KIDNEY DONORS AND RECIPIENTS OF KIDNEYS FROM LIVING DONORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Henrik Buus ◽  
Cecilie Molgaard Nielsen ◽  
Soren Krag ◽  
Lotte Ibsen ◽  
Karin Skov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Living Donors ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Living Kidney Donors ◽  
One Year ◽  
Single Kidney

Abstract Background and Aims Living kidney donors (LKD) have an increased risk of chronic kidney disease. Likewise, renal transplant recipients may experience early or unexplained loss of graft function. We examined the predictive value of stereology based on a CT-scan and a biopsy from the transplanted kidney in relation to renal function outcome in both LKD and recipients of kidneys from living donors. Method A pre-transplantation contrast-enhanced CT-scan was used to obtain cortical volume of both kidneys using the Cavalieri estimator. Glomerular number density in a baseline biopsy from the transplanted kidney (taken at the time of transplantation) was estimated by a model-based method and multiplied with cortex volume to estimate the total number of glomeruli in the donated kidney. Glomerular volume was estimated by the 2D nucleator (1). In addition, kidney fibrosis (point-counting), glomerular sclerosis, and arteriole dimensions (2D nucleator) were also calculated. Pre-donation single kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined using 51chrome EDTA clearance together with a renography and the GFR measurement was repeated one year after transplantation in both donors and recipients. We examined the association between GFR at one-year follow-up and cortex volume and various histology parameters from the baseline biopsy after adjustment of age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, 24-hour mean blood pressure and single-kidney GFR before transplantation. Results CT-scans, GFR measurements and kidney histology from 49 LKD and 38 recipients of kidneys from living donors were available for analysis. Mean age of donors was 50±12 years (55% women) and of recipients 46±13 years (26% women). In donors, GFR decreased from 113±24 to 71±16 ml/min while in recipients GFR was 61±18 ml/min at one-year follow-up (all with a functioning graft). In donors, GFR at follow-up of the remaining kidney had increased by 28% as compared to baseline. Follow-up GFR correlated to cortex volume (P<0.001), but not to any of the histological parameters (total glomerular number, glomerular volume, % sclerosed glomeruli, % kidney fibrosis or arteriolar dimensions). In recipients, GFR at follow-up had increased by 8% as compared to single-kidney GFR before donation. Follow-up GFR correlated to % kidney fibrosis (P=0.02) and % sclerosed glomeruli (P=0.05), but not any of the other histological parameters or cortex volume. Conclusion When adjusted for relevant clinical confounders the estimation of cortex volume had predictive value for renal function outcome in LKD while % kidney fibrosis and % sclerosed glomeruli had predictive value in recipients of kidneys from living donors.

Comparison of functional and morphological changes of transplanted kidneys from marginal and ideal donors

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (45) ◽  
pp. 1793-1796
Author(s):  
Bernadett Borda
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marginal Donors

Introduction: Despite an increased number of cadaver donors and organ transplantations, there is a marked increase in the number of patients included in the transplantation waiting list. Aim and method: The aim of the study was to evaluate functional and morphologic changes of kidney allografts obtained from marginal (n = 63) and “ideal” donors (n = 186). In patients with kidneys from marginal donors, the impact of donor age and the presence of hypertension in donors on kidney function were also studied. Results: One year after kidney transplantation, kidney function was similar in patients transplanted with kidneys from marginal and “ideal” donors, although significant morphologic differences were observed between the two groups. However, five years after transplantation serum creatinine (p = 0.0001) and eGFR (p = 0.003) were significantly different between patients transplanted with kidneys from marginal and “ideal” donors. There was also a significant difference in serum creatinine level of patients who received kidneys from donors older than 55 years of age compared to patients whose kidney allografts were obtained form donor who has hypertension (p = 0.0003). Acute rejection episodes (p = 0.0004) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (p = 0.002) occurred more frequently in patients with kidneys from marginal compared to those from “ideal” donors. Conclusion: One year after kidney transplantation renal function is similar in patients transplanted with kidneys from marginal and „ideal” donors, but patients with kidneys from marginal donors have significantly more impaired renal function five years after kidney transplantation. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1793–1796.

scholarly journals Effect of Foot Reflexology on Pain, Fatigue, and Quality of Sleep after Kidney Transplantation Surgery: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atena Samarehfekri ◽  
Mahlagha Dehghan ◽  
Mansoor Arab ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ebadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Transplantation Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background and Purpose. Patients undergoing kidney transplantation surgeries suffer from postoperative pain, fatigue, and sleep disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to use different interventions in addition to modern medicine to reduce their symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on pain, fatigue, and quality of sleep after kidney transplantation surgery. Materials and Methods. The study was a parallel randomized controlled trial. Patients admitted to the transplantation ward participated in the study. Fifty-three eligible patients were allocated into the foot reflexology group (n = 26) and the control group (n = 27) by using the stratified randomization method. Finally, 25 participants in each group finished the study. The intervention group received foot reflexology for 30 minutes once a day for three consecutive days, and no reflexology was applied in the control group. The intervention started on the second day after surgery. Pain, fatigue, and quality of sleep were measured on the first, second (before intervention), third, fourth, and eleventh days after surgery. Data were collected using visual analogue scale for measuring pain and fatigue and Verran and Snyder-Halpern sleep scale for measuring quality of sleep. Results. In each group, 25 patients finished the study. The mean pain score in the foot reflexology and control groups decreased from 9.44 ± 0.96 and 9.36 ± 0.91 on the day of surgery to 1.32 ± 0.94 and 4.32 ± 1.68 on the eleventh day after surgery, respectively. The mean fatigue score in the reflexology and control groups decreased from 8.76 ± 1.27 and 8.6 ± 1.26 on the day of surgery to 1.24 ± 1.2 and 3.92 ± 1.63 on the eleventh day after surgery, respectively. The mean sleep score in the foot reflexology and control groups increased from 33.38 ± 11.22 and 39.59 ± 12.8 on the day of surgery to 69.43 ± 12.8 and 56.27 ± 8.03 on the eleventh day after surgery, respectively. While pain, fatigue, and sleep quality scores improved in both groups, those in the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement compared with the control group (P<0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the use of acetaminophen on the first, second, third, fourth, and eleventh days after surgery (P>0.05). Conclusion. Foot reflexology may reduce pain and fatigue and improve sleep quality of patients after kidney transplantation.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RENAL FUNCTION IN SUDANESE DIABETIC AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS IN SHENDI LOCALITY AT RIVER NILE STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Alaa Ibrahim S. M. Khair ◽  
Mosab Khalid ◽  
Haghamad Allzain
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
And Control

Microalbuminuria in urine is a known indicator of renal dysfunction. It has been extensively studied in the diabetes mellitus and hypertensive patients. This study was cross-sectional, descriptive case-control, hospital based, conducted, in Shendi locality at River Nile State in Northern Sudan, from March to July 2018.  It intended to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus and hypertension on renal function. Urine and venous blood samples were collected sixty (60) volunteer subjects, thirty-five (35) of them known as diabetic and hypertensive patients as case group, twenty-five (25) healthy subjects as control group. Samples were examined for urine microalbuminuria and plasma creatinine levels. Case and control groups were compared by age, gender and exercise. Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (ACR). was also assessed. The mean microalbuminuria and mean ACR were significantly higher in case group (38.304mg/dl, (6.8226) mg/mmol) compared to control group (13.020mg/dl, 2.4512) mg/mmol.), with statistically significant P. value (0.007) and (0.000) respectively.  There was statistically insignificant variation of the means of plasma creatinine between case and control groups (0.88, 0.948) mg/dl with P. value of (0.285). The present study concluded that diabetes and hypertension were associated with microalbuminuria and renal dysfunction.

scholarly journals Immediate outcome and one-year graft survival rate after live related kidney transplantation: experience in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehfuz E Khoda ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Ishrat Jahan Shimu ◽  
Rafi Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md Golzar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Graft Survival ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
One Year

Background: Renal transplantation remains the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease, as the procedure not only improves quality of life, but also markedly increases patients’ survival rates. Organ and patient survival rates are important issues of interest post-transplantation.The aims of this study were to analyze the data for immediate post-procedure outcome and one-year graft survival after live related kidney transplantation. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh between November 2004 and September 2019. Data for a total of 132 live related kidney transplant recipients were collected in pre-formed questionnaire from the hospital records. Results:Total patients were 132 including 97 (73.5%) males. Mean age of recipients was 36.8±10.4 years. Mean post-transplantation hospital stay was 13.6±3.4 (range 9 to 30) days. During postoperative hospital stay, 6 (4.6%) patients required haemodialysis due to delayed graft function and high levels of serum creatinine. During discharge, 117 (88.6%) recipients had normal renal function (mean serum creatinine level 1.15±0.21 mg/dl) and 15 (11.4%) patients showed improvement in serum creatinine levels but did not reach normal value (mean serum creatinine levels 3.25±2.35 mg/ dl). All patients were regularly followed-up in post-transplant clinic (3 patients did not complete 1 year) after transplantation. After the first year of kidney transplantation, patient and graft survival rates were 90.7% (117/129) and 82.9% (107/129) respectively. Conclusions: Eighty-eightpercent live related kidney transplant recipients had normal renal function immediate post-surgery and one-year graft survival rate was over eighty percent in this study. Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 39-42

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

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