Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

An increasing interest in the fabrication of implants made of titanium and its alloys results from their capacity to be integrated into the bone system. This integration is facilitated by different modifications of the implant surface. Here, we assessed the bioactivity of amorphous titania nanoporous and nanotubular coatings (TNTs), produced by electrochemical oxidation of Ti6Al4V orthopedic implants’ surface. The chemical composition and microstructure of TNT layers was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To increase their antimicrobial activity, TNT coatings were enriched with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and tested against various bacterial and fungal strains for their ability to form a biofilm. The biointegrity and anti-inflammatory properties of these layers were assessed with the use of fibroblast, osteoblast, and macrophage cell lines. To assess and exclude potential genotoxicity issues of the fabricated systems, a mutation reversal test was performed (Ames Assay MPF, OECD TG 471), showing that none of the TNT coatings released mutagenic substances in long-term incubation experiments. The thorough analysis performed in this study indicates that the TNT5 and TNT5/AgNPs coatings (TNT5—the layer obtained upon applying a 5 V potential) present the most suitable physicochemical and biological properties for their potential use in the fabrication of implants for orthopedics. For this reason, their mechanical properties were measured to obtain full system characteristics.

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α-Cellulose Fibers of Paper-Waste Origin Surface-Modified with Fe3O4 and Thiolated-Chitosan for Efficacious Immobilization of Laccase

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13040581 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 581

Author(s):

Gajanan S. Ghodake ◽

Surendra K. Shinde ◽

Ganesh D. Saratale ◽

Rijuta G. Saratale ◽

Min Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Immobilization ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Significant Activity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Laccase Immobilization ◽

Surface Modified

The utilization of waste-paper-biomass for extraction of important α-cellulose biopolymer, and modification of extracted α-cellulose for application in enzyme immobilization can be extremely vital for green circular bio-economy. Thus, in this study, α-cellulose fibers were super-magnetized (Fe3O4), grafted with chitosan (CTNs), and thiol (-SH) modified for laccase immobilization. The developed material was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), HR-TEM energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HR-TEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. Laccase immobilized on α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs (α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase) gave significant activity recovery (99.16%) and laccase loading potential (169.36 mg/g). The α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase displayed excellent stabilities for temperature, pH, and storage time. The α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase applied in repeated cycles shown remarkable consistency of activity retention for 10 cycles. After the 10th cycle, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs possessed 80.65% relative activity. Furthermore, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase shown excellent degradation of pharmaceutical contaminant sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The SMX degradation by α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase was found optimum at incubation time (20 h), pH (3), temperatures (30 °C), and shaking conditions (200 rpm). Finally, α-Cellulose-Fe3O4-CTNs-Laccase gave repeated degradation of SMX. Thus, this study presents a novel, waste-derived, highly capable, and super-magnetic nanocomposite for enzyme immobilization applications.

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Grafting Hyperbranched Polymers onto TiO2 Nanoparticles via Thiol-yne Click Chemistry and Its Effect on the Mechanical, Thermal and Surface Properties of Polyurethane Coating

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12172817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 2817 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Feng Zhan ◽

Lei Xiong ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Chenying Li

Keyword(s):

Click Chemistry ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Hyperbranched Polymers ◽

Nanocomposite Coatings ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Nanoparticle Dispersion ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Modified

In this study, we proposed a novel and facile method to modify the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles and investigated the influence of the surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles as an additive in a polyurethane (PU) coating. The hyperbranched polymers (HBP) were grafted on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles via the thiol-yne click chemistry to reduce the aggregation of nanoparticles and increase the interaction between TiO2 and polymer matrices. The grafting of HBP on the TiO2 nanoparticles surface was investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite coatings containing various amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles were measured by dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) and tensile strength measurement. Moreover, the surface structure and properties of the newly prepared nanocomposite coatings were examined. The experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of the surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite coatings. The results also reveal that the surface modification of TiO2 with the HBP chains improves the nanoparticle dispersion, and the coating surface shows a lotus leaf-like microstructure. Thus, the functional nanocomposite coatings exhibit superhydrophobic properties, good photocatalytic depollution performance, and high stripping resistance.

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Deposition Mechanism and Thickness Control of CVD SiC Coatings on NextelTM440 Fibers

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10040408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Jian Sun ◽

Bing Sheng ◽

Haifeng Cheng

Keyword(s):

Coating Thickness ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Deposition Time ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Deposition Mechanism ◽

Thickness Control ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Sic Coatings

SiC coatings were successfully synthesized on NextelTM440 fibers by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using methyltrichlorosilane as the original SiC source at 1373 K. After deposited, the fibers were fully surrounded by uniform coatings with some bulges. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results indicated that the coatings were composed of β-SiC and free carbon. Moreover, thickness control of the coatings could be carried out by adjusting the deposition time. The coating thickness rose exponentially, and the exterior of the coatings became looser as the deposition time increased. The thickness of about 1.5 µm was obtained after depositing for 4 h. The coating thickness was also theoretically calculated, and the result agreed well with the measured thickness. Finally, the related deposition mechanism is discussed and a deposition model is built.

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Impact of Mg2+ and Zn2+ Addition on the Structural, Morphological, Physicochemical, Dielectric and Biological Properties of Hydroxyapatite

10.21203/rs.3.rs-942141/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anandhan Narayanasamy ◽

Panneerselvam Ramaswamy ◽

Poonguzhali Ramaswamy ◽

Amali Roselin Arockiam ◽

Joseph Panneerdoss Issac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Bone Growth ◽

Chemical Precipitation ◽

Biological Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Wet Chemical ◽

Wet Chemical Precipitation

Abstract In the present work, the wet-chemical precipitation technique is employed to prepare Zinc/Magnesium doped hydroxyapatite (HAP). In doped HAP, the X-ray diffraction peak shifts to a higher angle because of the contraction of the lattice parameters along a - axis. The Raman peaks at 519, 440, 1464 cm-1 indicate the presence of Mg, Zn and CO32- in doped HAP respectively. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) measures the grain size of pure, 5% Zn and 5% Mg doped HAP, as 275, 510, and 251 nm respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the morphological change in HAP. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identifies the presence of Mg2+ and Zn2+ in doped HAP. The dopant elevates the hardness and dielectric constant, so the strength and the bone growth of HAP increases. All the doped samples show excellent antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities than the pure HAP.

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Deposition and Properties of AlN Films Prepared by Low Pressure CVD with a Metalorganic Precursor

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-335-101 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. J. Cook ◽

P. K. Wu ◽

N. Patibandla ◽

W. B. Hillig ◽

J. B. Hudson

Keyword(s):

Vapor Deposition ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Low Pressure ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Fiber Coating ◽

Pressure Chemical ◽

Substrate Temperatures ◽

Carbon Concentrations

AbstractAluminum nitride films were deposited on Si (100) and sapphire (1102) substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition using the metalorganic precursor trisdimethylaluminum amide, [(CH3)2AlNH2]3. Depositions were carried out in a cold wall reactor with substrate temperatures between 500 and 700 °C and precursor temperatures between 50 and 80 °C. The films were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The films were generally smooth and adherent with colors ranging from transparent to opaque grey. Cracking and spallation were seen to occur at high film thickness. Deposition rates ranged from 20 to 300 Å/min and increased with both precursor and substrate temperature. Carbon concentrations were small, < 5 at. %, while oxygen concentrations were higher and showed a characteristic profile versus depth in the film. High temperature compatibility testing with sapphire/AlN/MoSi2 samples was carried out to determine film effectiveness as a fiber coating in a composite.

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Grain Structure and Growth of Dispersed Phase BN-AlN Coatings Grown via Chemical Vapor Deposition

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-202-155 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

Author(s):

Garth B. Freeman ◽

Woo Y. Lee ◽

W. J. Lackey ◽

John A. Hanigofsky ◽

Karren More

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Substrate Surface ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Ceramic Coatings ◽

Grain Structure ◽

Dispersed Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the variation in microstructures encountered during the separate depositions of boron nitride (BN) and aluminum nitride (A1N) as well as during the codeposition of BNߝA1N dispersed phase ceramic coatings. This combination was chosen in order to take advantage of the self lubricating properties of hexagonal BN along with the hard, erosion resistance of A1N. Films were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD).A range of coating microstructures are possible depending on the conditions of deposition. The best films produced, in terms of hardness, density, and tenacity, were a fine mixture of turbostratic BN and preferentially oriented A1N whiskers aligned with the whisker axis perpendicular to the substrate surface as seen by both electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction.

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Anodic ZnO Microsheet Coating on Zn with Sub-Surface Microtrenched Zn Layer Reduces Risk of Localized Corrosion and Improves Bioactivity of Pure Zn

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11050486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 486

Author(s):

Hongzhou Dong ◽

Sannakaisa Virtanen

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Corrosion Performance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Biodegradable Implant ◽

X Ray ◽

Zinc Surface ◽

Microstructured Surface ◽

Coated Surface ◽

Surface Modified

Zinc-based alloys are emerging as an alternative to magnesium- and iron-based alloys for biodegradable implant applications, due to their appropriate corrosion performance and biocompatibility. However, localized corrosion occurring on the zinc surface, which is generally associated with restricted mass transport at specific surface sites, such as in confined crevices, declines mechanical strength and can lead to the failure of implant materials. In order to improve corrosion behavior and bioactivity, we explore the effect of a ZnO microsheet coating fabricated on pure Zn via anodic oxidization. Samples were characterized with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (including Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD)). The microstructured surface consists of parallel Zn trenches on the bottom and ZnO/Zn3O(SO4)2 sheets on the top. This layer shows favorable Ca-phosphate precipitation as well as bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption properties. Electrochemical experiments indicate an increased corrosion resistance of surface-modified Zn by the presence of BSA in simulated body fluid. Most noteworthily, localized corrosion that has been previously observed for pure Zn in BSA-containing electrolytes does not occur on the Zn/ZnO-coated surface.

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Trimethylamine Gallane as a Precursor to Cubic Gallium Nitride and Gallium Arsenide. Metal Hydride Chemical Vapor Deposition

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-204-83 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 204 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wayne L. Gladfelter ◽

Jen-Wei Hwang ◽

Everett C. Phillips ◽

John F. Evans ◽

Scott A. Hanson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gallium Nitride ◽

Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Cubic Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Pressure Chemical ◽

Elemental Arsenic

ABSTRACTCyclo-trigallazane, [H2GaNH2]3, is known to form bulk powders of the new cubic phase of gallium nitride upon pyrolysis. An explanation for this unusual example where the molecular structure of the precursor controls the crystal structure of the solid state product is presented. In a hot-wall atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor, arsine was found to react with TMAG to form films of polycrystalline GaAs which were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The growth rates for smooth films was 1-4 μm/h. In a low pressure CVD reactor, elemental arsenic vapor was also found to react with the TMAG to give GaAs thin films.

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Low-temperature growth of HfO2 dielectric layers by Plasma-Enhanced CVD

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-786-e3.15 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 786 ◽

Author(s):

M. Losurdo ◽

M.M. Giangregorio ◽

M. Luchena ◽

P. Capezzuto ◽

G. Bruno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Interface Layer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Dielectric Layers

ABSTRACTHfO2 dielectric layers have been grown on p -type Si(100) by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD), using Ar-O2 plasmas and hafnium(IV) tetra-t -butoxide as precursors. In-situ control of the plasma phase is carried out by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and quadrupolar mass spectrometry (QMS).Structural and optical properties of the HfO2 layers and of the HfO2/Si interface are investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) in the photon energy range 1.5–6.0 eV‥ SE data are corroborated by results obtained from glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The effect of the substrate temperature (RT-250°C) and precursor flow on the thickness of interfacial SiO2 layer and on the HfO2 microstructure is investigated. The growth dynamics of HfO2 film and SiO2 interface layer is also discussed.

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Production of nearly monodisperse Fe3O4 and Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles in aqueous medium and their surface modification for biomedical applications

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s021797921750014x ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (04) ◽

pp. 1750014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tirusew Tegafaw ◽

Wenlong Xu ◽

Sang Hyup Lee ◽

Kwon Seok Chae ◽

Yongmin Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Medium ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Quantum Interference ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Ir Absorption ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Surface Modified Nanoparticles

Iron (Fe)-based nanoparticles are extremely valuable in biomedical applications owing to their low toxicity and high magnetization values at room temperature. In this study, we synthesized nearly monodisperse iron oxide (Fe3O4) and Fe@Fe3O4 (core: Fe, shell: Fe3O[Formula: see text] nanoparticles in aqueous medium under argon flow and then, coated them with various biocompatible ligands and silica. In this study, eight types of surface-modified nanoparticles were investigated, namely, Fe3O4@PAA (PAA = polyacrylic acid; [Formula: see text] of PAA = 5100 amu and 15,000 amu), Fe3O4@PAA–FA (FA = folic acid; [Formula: see text] of PAA = 5100 amu and 15,000 amu), Fe3O4@PEI–fluorescein (PEI = polyethylenimine; [Formula: see text] of PEI = 1300 amu), Fe@Fe3O4@PEI ([Formula: see text] of PEI = 10,000 amu), Fe3O4@SiO2 and Fe@Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles. We characterized the prepared surface-modified nanoparticles using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption spectroscopy, a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. Finally, we measured the cytotoxicity of the samples. The results indicate that the surface-modified nanoparticles are biocompatible and are potential candidates for various biomedical applications.

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