scholarly journals Laser Butt Welding of Thin Ti6Al4V Sheets: Effects of Welding Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Peter Omoniyi ◽  
Rasheedat Mahamood ◽  
Nana Arthur ◽  
Sisa Pityana ◽  
Samuel Skhosane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Microhardness And Microstructure

Titanium and its alloys, particularly Ti6Al4V, which is widely utilized in the marine and aerospace industries, have played a vital role in different manufacturing industries. An efficient and cost-effective way of joining this metal is by laser welding. The effect of laser power and welding speed on the tensile, microhardness, and microstructure of Ti6Al4V alloy is investigated in this paper. Results show that the microhardness is highest at the fusion zone and reduces towards the base metal. The microstructure at the fusion zone shows a transformed needle-like lamellar α phase, with a martensitic α’ phase observed within the heat affected zone. Results of tensile tests show an improved tensile strength compared to the base metal.

Influence of Rotary Friction Welding Parameters on Tensile Strength and Length of TMAZ of Dissimilar Welded Joints from 32G2 and 40KhN Steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Artem S. Atamashkin ◽  
Elena Y. Priymak ◽  
Elena A. Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Friction Pressure

In this work, pipe billets with a diameter of 73 mm and a wall thickness of 9 mm from steels 32G2 and 40KhN are friction welded with an aim to optimize the process parameters. The friction pressure, the forging pressure and the length of the fusion varied. After the implementation of various welding modes, tensile tests and metallographic studies were carried out. The optimal welding parameters have been established, which make it possible to obtain tensile strength at the level of the 32G2 base metal. The study results of the microstructure and SEM fractographs after the optimal welding mode are presented.

scholarly journals Laser Beam Welding of AA5052, AA5083, and AA6061 Aluminum Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. El-Batahgy ◽  
M. Kutsuna
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Solidification Cracking ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Aa6061 Alloy

The present investigation was mainly concerned with characteristics of autogeneous laser butt welding of 2 mm thickness nonheat treatableAA5052-H12,AA5083-H12 and 2 mm, 3 mm thickness heat treatableAA6061-T6aluminum alloys. The effect of laser welding parameters, surface cleaning, filler wire addition, and backing strip on quality of laser welded joints was clarified using 5 kW laser machine. It was found that all the investigated alloys showed tendencies for porosity and solidification cracking, particularly, at high welding speed (4 m/min). Porosity was prevented by accurate cleaning of the base metal prior to welding and optimizing the flow rate of argon shielding gas. Solidification cracking was avoided through two different approaches. The first one is based on the addition of filler metal as reported in other research works. The other new approach is concerned with autogeneous welding using a backing strip from the same base metal, and this could be applicable in production. Preventing solidification cracking in both cases was related mainly to a considerable decrease in the stress concentration at the weld metal center as a result of improving the fusion zone profile. The implementation of the new approach could help in producing weldments with a better quality due to the absence of the filler metal, which is known as a source for hydrogen-related porosity. It can also have a positive economic aspect concerning the manufacturing cost since welding is done without the addition of filler metal. Not only quality and economic positive aspects could be achieved, but also high productivity is another feature since high quality autogeneous weldments were produced with high welding speed, 6 m/min. Hardness measurements and tensile test of AA6061 alloy welds indicated a remarkable softening of the fusion zone due to dissolution of the strengthening precipitates, and this was recovered by aging treatment after welding. For alloys AA5052 and AA5083, softening of the fusion zone due to the loss of its work-hardened condition was much less in comparison with AA6061 alloy.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Beam Welded AA7021 Aluminum Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bai Qing Xiong ◽  
Yong An Zhang ◽  
Hong Wei Liu ◽  
Zhi Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Eutectic Structure ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this study, a laser beam welds in a Al-Zn-Mg alloy were characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and tensile tests. It is found that the joint of the alloy contained three distinctive regions, i.e. fusion zone, heat affected zone and base metal region. The fusion zone consists of small grains, whose size is heterogeneously distributed. Extensive microhardness measurements were conducted in the weld regions of the nuggets exhibited a hardness loss in the fusion zone due to the loss of strengthening phases. Microstructural examination of the joints revealed typical eutectic structure was appeared in the heat-affected zone due to relative low cooling rate. Tensile properties of the joints were obtained by testing flat transverse tensile specimens, and the results indicated that tensile strength of these welds approached 76.8~77.3% of the base metal.

scholarly journals Effects of Laser Welding and Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aged Ti55531 Alloy

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Jie Zhang ◽  
Jun-Yu Pei ◽  
Jian Long ◽  
Miao-Xia Xie ◽  
Xiang-Tao Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Laser Beam Welding ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Weld Heat

As one of the relatively new titanium (Ti) alloys in the engineering field, β-Ti alloy–Ti55531 has attracted a great deal of attention due to its excellent mechanical properties, while a few research papers on weldability and the post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) process of Ti55531 have been reported. Based on an orthogonal experiment design, the parameters of laser beam welding (LBW) of Ti55531 alloy with a thickness of 2 mm were optimized. Moreover, the influences of welding parameters and PWHT on the microstructures and performance of the laser-welded joint of Ti55531 were analyzed. The results showed that, for microstructures in different zones of as-welded joints of Ti55531: three forms of α phases (i.e., equiaxial αp phase, lamellar αS phase, and αGB phase at grain boundaries) were observed in base metal (BM); in the heat affected zone (HAZ), part of lamellar αS phase had dissolved while equiaxial αp phase had grown; the fusion zone (FZ) mainly consisted of β phase, which presented as coarse columnar crystals. After the PWHT process, the microstructures of the welded joint were changed: in the BM zone, α phase at grain boundary disappeared and lamellar α phase decreased; in the HAZ, the edge of αp phase obviously dissolved; in the FZ, plenty of compact needle-like α phases were observed. The tensile strength of the as-welded joint was about 940 MPa and then increased to 1161 MPa after PWHT, which were 78.4% and 96.8% of that of the original BM respectively. The fracture position transformed from the interface between the FZ and HAZ to the BM during tensile tests after PWHT.

Effect of Metal Inert Gas Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1396-1399
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Bai Qing Xiong ◽  
Yon Gan Zhang ◽  
Hong Wei Liu ◽  
Zhi Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Eutectic Structure ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Transverse Tensile ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

Abstract. The microstructure and mechanical properties of a metal inert gas welds in a medium strength Al-4Zn-1Mg alloy were characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and tensile tests. It is found that the joint of the alloy contained three distinctive regions, i.e. fusion zone, heat affected zone and base metal region. Extensive microhardness measurements were conducted in the weld regions of the nuggets exhibited a hardness loss in the fusion zone due to the loss of strengthening phases. Microstructural examination of the joints revealed typical eutectic structure was appeared in the heat-affected zone. Tensile properties of the joints were obtained by testing flat transverse tensile specimens, and the results indicated that tensile strength of these welds approached 83.3~84.2% of the base metal.

scholarly journals Study the effect of welding pass number on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of Aluminum type Al 1050 H14 produced by friction stir welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Najeeb Salman Abtan ◽  
Jawdat Ali Yagoob ◽  
Ayshan Mohammed Shukri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Butt Welding ◽  
Friction Stir

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique with non-fusible rotary welds. Heat is generated by the friction produced between the weld tool and the two opposite surfaces of the two welded parts and the tool works on mechanical mixing with the presence of heat, pressure, and heat generated, reaching approximately (80-90%) of the melting point of the metal to be welded. In this study, Al 1050 H14 aluminum with a thickness of (6mm) was used for the purpose of welding it by means of the friction stir welding process in a butt welding method to obtain similar welding joints. A set with a square stitching tool Made of alloy steel was used by using a milling machine, with fixed (rotational speed of 1008 rpm and linear velocity of 40mm / min), an inclination angle of (2o), and counterclockwise rotation. The efficiency of welded joints was evaluated through static mechanical tests. Tensile tests, microscopic hardness, and visual examination. The results for all welds showed that the mixing zone (NZ) consists of fine grains of equal axes compared to the base metal. When welding on one side and in one path, the microstructure of HAZ was similar to the base metal. TAMZ was a transition region between HAZ and NZ. As for welding on one side, with two paths and three paths, the structure turned into a fine crystalline structure. By increasing the number of paths per side, the welding efficiency of the welded sample increased as the best efficiency was from one side and three paths (76.215%). Through the results, the tensile strength increases with the increase in the number of paths, as the best tensile strength was obtained when conducting the welding process from one side and by three paths, which is (93.653 MPa). It is equivalent to 76.21% of the tensile strength of the base metal. The hardness value in the weld zone (NZ) is higher than the other two zones (HAZ, TMAZ) due to the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization, which results in very fine and equiaxial crystals, but the hardness value in the weld zone remains less than the hardness value of the base metal.

The Formability and Elongation of Aluminum Alloys AA5083 and AA3003 for Micro-Truss Sandwiches Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1396-1405
Author(s):  
Arwa F. Tawfeeq ◽  
Matthew R. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Truss Structures ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Clad Layer ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Different Shapes

The development in the manufacturing of micro-truss structures has demonstrated the effectiveness of brazing for assembling these sandwiches, which opens new opportunities for cost-effective and high-quality truss manufacturing. An evolving idea in micro-truss manufacturing is the possibility of forming these structures in different shapes with the aid of elevated temperature. This work investigates the formability and elongation of aluminum alloy sheets typically used for micro-truss manufacturing, namely AA5083 and AA3003. Tensile tests were performed at a temperature in the range of 25-500 ○C and strain rate in the range of 2x10-4 -10-2 s-1. The results showed that the clad layer in AA3003 exhibited an insignificant effect on the formability and elongation of AA3003. The formability of the two alloys was improved significantly with values of m as high as 0.4 and 0.13 for AA5083 and AA3003 at 500 °C. While the elongation of both AA5083 and AA3003 was improved at a higher temperature, the elongation of AA5083 was inversely related to strain rate. It was concluded that the higher the temperature is the better the formability and elongation of the two alloys but at the expense of work hardening. This suggests a trade-off situation between formability and strength. 

Optimizing the welding parameters for Straight tube butt welding of dissimilar metals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ahilan ◽  
S. Santhosh Kumar ◽  
S. Ramesh Kumar ◽  
S. Abdul Gudoos ◽  
Senthil Kumaran Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Straight Tube ◽  
Butt Welding

scholarly journals Microstructural Characterization of Laser Weld of Hot-Stamped Al-Si Coated 22MnB5 and Modification of Weld Properties by Hybrid Welding

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3943
Author(s):  
Hana Šebestová ◽  
Petr Horník ◽  
Šárka Mikmeková ◽  
Libor Mrňa ◽  
Pavel Doležal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fusion Zone ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Laser Weld ◽  
Martensitic Microstructure ◽  
Laser Welds ◽  
Weld Properties ◽  
Weld Fusion Zone

The presence of Al-Si coating on 22MnB5 leads to the formation of large ferritic bands in the dominantly martensitic microstructure of butt laser welds. Rapid cooling of laser weld metal is responsible for insufficient diffusion of coating elements into the steel and incomplete homogenization of weld fusion zone. The Al-rich regions promote the formation of ferritic solid solution. Soft ferritic bands cause weld joint weakening. Laser welds reached only 64% of base metal's ultimate tensile strength, and they always fractured in the fusion zone during the tensile tests. We implemented hybrid laser-TIG welding technology to reduce weld cooling rate by the addition of heat of the arc. The effect of arc current on weld microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. Thanks to the slower cooling, the large ferritic bands were eliminated. The hybrid welds reached greater ultimate tensile strength compared to laser welds. The location of the fracture moved from the fusion zone to a tempered heat-affected zone characterized by a drop in microhardness. The minimum of microhardness was independent of heat input in this region.

scholarly journals Mechanical and thermal stability of retained austenite in plastically deformed bainite-based TRIP-aided medium-Mn steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kozłowska ◽  
Adam Grajcar ◽  
Aleksandra Janik ◽  
Krzysztof Radwański ◽  
Ulrich Krupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractAdvanced medium-Mn sheet steels show an opportunity for the development of cost-effective and light-weight automotive parts with improved safety and optimized environmental performance. These steels utilize the strain-induced martensitic transformation of metastable retained austenite to improve the strength–ductility balance. The improvement of mechanical performance is related to the tailored thermal and mechanical stabilities of retained austenite. The mechanical stability of retained austenite was estimated in static tensile tests over a wide temperature range from 20 °C to 200 °C. The thermal stability of retained austenite during heating at elevated temperatures was assessed by means of dilatometry. The phase composition and microstructure evolution were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. It was shown that the retained austenite stability shows a pronounced temperature dependence and is also stimulated by the manganese addition in a 3–5% range.

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