scholarly journals Biomechanical Properties and Biocompatibility of a Non-Absorbable Elastic Thread

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeji Choi ◽  
Moonseok Kang ◽  
Moon Seop Choi ◽  
Jennifer Kim Song ◽  
Eugene Lih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Elastic Thread

To date, extensive studies have been conducted to assess diverse types of sutures. But there is a paucity of data regarding biomechanical properties of commonly used suture materials. In the current experiment, we compared biomechanical properties and biocompatibility, such as tensile strength and elongation, the degree of bovine serum albumin (BSA) release, in vitro cytotoxicity and ex vivo frictional properties, between a non-absorbable elastic thread (NAT; HansBiomed Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) (NAT-R: NAT with a rough surface, NAT-S: NAT with a smooth surface) and the Elasticum® (Korpo SRL, Genova, Italy). The degree of tensile strength and elongation of Si threads was significantly higher in both the NAT-R and -S as compared with the Elasticum® (p < 0.05). Moreover, the degree of tensile strength and elongation of PET threads was significantly lower in both NAT-R and -S as compared with the Elasticum® (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degree of tensile strength and elongation of braided Si/PET threads was significantly lower in NAT-S as compared with NAT-R and Elasticum® (p < 0.05). The degree of BSA release was significantly higher in the NAT-R as compared with Elasticum® and NAT-S throughout a 2-h period in the descending order (p < 0.05). The degree of cell viability was significantly higher in both NAT-R and -S as compared with Elasticum® (p < 0.05). The degree of coefficient of friction as well as the frictional force and strength was significantly higher in NAT-R as compared with NAT-S and Elasticum® (p < 0.05). NAT had a higher degree of biomechanical properties and biocompatibility as compared with Elasticum®. But further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to compare the efficacy, safety, and potential role as a carrier for drug delivery between NAT and Elasticum®.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL FILM CONTAINING SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES OF RIVASTIGMINE TARTRATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
G. Ravi ◽  
N. Vishal Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Transdermal Film

Objective: The objective of present investigation was to develop rivastigmine tartrate transdermal film employing factorial design.Methods: The formulations were designed by Design-Expert software-version10. A series of films were prepared by solvent casting method using polymers, plasticizer, permeation enhancer and other solvents. Transdermal films were evaluated for flatness, drug content, tensile strength, in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin permeation study.Results: The flatness was found 100% (percentage) for all film formulations. The drug content of transdermal film was found in the range of 96.51±0.2 to 98.81±0.3%. The tensile strength of transdermal film was found in the range of 6.28±0.06 to 11.56±0.03 N/mm2 (newton/millimeter2) and in vitro drug release at 24th h (hour) was found in the range of 86.24±0.25 to 96.1±0.48%% for various formulations and ex vivo skin permeation study results at 24th h was found in the range of 85.83±0.74 to 97.36±0.93%.Conclusion: These results support the feasibility of developing transdermal film of rivastigmine tartrate for human applications. Thus, transdermal delivery of rivastigmine tartrate film is a safe, painless and cost effective drug delivery system for Alzheimer’s patients.

scholarly journals Effect of structure in ionized albumin – based nanoparticle: Characterisation, Emodin interaction, and in vitro cytotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Macarena Siri ◽  
Maria Julieta Fernandez Ruocco ◽  
Estefanía Achilli ◽  
Malvina Pizzuto ◽  
Juan F. Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Experimental Conditions

AbstractA γ–irradiated bovine albumin serum based nanoparticle was characterised structurally, and functionally. The nanoparticle was characterised by A.F.M, D.L.S, zeta potential, T.E.M., gel-electrophoresis, spectroscopy (UV-Vis, Fluorescence, FT-IR, and CD). Its stability was studied under adverse experimental conditions: pH values, chaotropic agents, and ionic strength and stability studies against time were mainly carried out by fluorescence spectroscopy following the changes in the tryptophan environment in the nanoparticle. Its function was studied by the interaction of the NP with the hydrophobic drug Emodin was studied. The binding and kinetic properties of the obtained complex were tested by biophysical methods as well as its toxicity in tumour cells.According to its biophysics, the nanoparticle is a spherical nanosized vehicle with a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm. Data obtained describe the nanoparticle alone as nontoxic for cancer cell lines. When combined with Emodin, the bioconjugate proved to be more active on MCF-7 and PC-3 cancer cell lines than the nanoparticle alone. No haemolytic activity was found when tested against ex vivo red blood cells. The stability of the albumin nanoparticle is based on a competition between short-range attraction forces and long-range repulsion forces. The nanoparticle showed similar behaviour as albumin against pH while improving its stability in urea and tween 80. It was stable up to 15 days and presented no protein degradation in solutions up to 2 M salt concentration. Significantly, the albumin aggregate preserves the main activity-function of albumin and improved characteristics as an excellent carrier of molecules.Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Development of Bioinspired Gelatin and Gelatin/Chitosan Bilayer Hydrofilms for Wound Healing

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itxaso Garcia-Orue ◽  
Edorta Santos-Vizcaino ◽  
Alaitz Etxabide ◽  
Jone Uranga ◽  
Ardeshir Bayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity

In the current study, we developed a novel gelatin-based bilayer wound dressing. We used different crosslinking agents to confer unique properties to each layer, obtaining a bioinspired multifunctional hydrofilm suitable for wound healing. First, we produced a resistant and non-degradable upper layer by lactose-mediated crosslinking of gelatin, which provided mechanical support and protection to overall design. For the lower layer, we crosslinked gelatin with citric acid, resulting in a porous matrix with a great swelling ability. In addition, we incorporated chitosan into the lower layer to harness its wound healing ability. FTIR and SEM analyses showed that lactose addition changed the secondary structure of gelatin, leading to a more compact and smoother structure than that obtained with citric acid. The hydrofilm was able to swell 384.2 ± 57.2% of its dry weight while maintaining mechanical integrity. Besides, its water vapour transmission rate was in the range of commercial dressings (1381.5 ± 108.6 g/m2·day). In vitro, cytotoxicity assays revealed excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the hydrofilm was analysed through an ex vivo wound healing assay in human skin. It achieved similar results to the control in terms of biocompatibility and wound healing, showing suitable characteristics to be used as a wound dressing.

scholarly journals Review of Corneal Biomechanical Properties Following LASIK and SMILE for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iben Bach Damgaard ◽  
Mohamed Reffat ◽  
Jesper Hjortdal
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Lenticule Extraction ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Corneal Biomechanical Properties

Worldwide, femtosecond Laser AssistedIn-situKeratomileusis (LASIK) is a well known and commonly used refractive technique, although Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) has become increasingly popular since it was introduced in 2011. In LASIK, a corneal flap is cut with a microkeratome or femtosecond laser, followed by thinning of the stromal bed with excimer laser ablation. In SMILE, a minor intrastromal lenticule is cut with a femtosecond laser and subsequently removed through a small incision, leaving the anterior and strongest part of the cornea almost intact. Both LASIK and SMILE require cutting of corneal lamellae that may reduce the biomechanical stability of the cornea, with the potential risk of corneal iatrogenic ectasia as a severe complication. However, SMILE preserves the anterior corneal integrity and may, in theory, better preserve the corneal biomechanical strength than LASIK after surgery.A review aimed to examine the current literature that describes and compares the corneal biomechanical properties after Laser AssistedIn-situKeratomileusis (LASIK) and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE). A comprehensive search was performed in Pubmed.gov using the following search queries: Corneal biomechanical properties, corneal biomechanics, ocular response analyser, ocular response analyzer, ORA,ex vivo, in vitro, Corvis, Corvis ST, LASIK, and SMILE.

Design and synthesis of novel quinic acid derivatives: in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effect on glioblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 1891-1910
Author(s):  
Akshaya Murugesan ◽  
Suvi Holmstedt ◽  
Kenna C Brown ◽  
Alisa Koivuporras ◽  
Ana S Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Anticancer Properties

Aim: Quinic acid (QA) is a cyclic polyol exhibiting anticancer properties on several cancers. However, potential role of QA derivatives against glioblastoma is not well established. Methodology & results: Sixteen novel QA derivatives and QA-16 encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (QA-16-NPs) were screened for their anti-glioblastoma effect using standard cell and molecular biology methods. Presence of a tertiary hydroxy and silylether groups in the lead compound were identified for the antitumor activity. QA-16 have 90% inhibition with the IC50 of 10.66 μM and 28.22 μM for LN229 and SNB19, respectively. The induction of apoptosis is faster with the increased fold change of caspase 3/7 and reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: QA-16 and QA-16-NPs shows similar cytotoxicity effect, providing the opportunity to use QA-16 as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Tensile Strength of Novel Nonabsorbable PTFE (Teflon®) versus Other Suture Materials: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
José Arce ◽  
Alondra Palacios ◽  
Daniel Alvítez-Temoche ◽  
G. Mendoza-Azpur ◽  
Percy Romero-Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Suture Materials ◽  
Polyglactin 910 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Failure Point

Objective. To compare the in vitro tensile strength of sutures used in implant surgery according to the type of thread and the immersion time in artificial saliva. Methods. For the development of the study, three suture materials were used: polyglactin 910 (PG), black silk (BS), and Teflon (PTFE) 4-0; 150 samples were used, which were divided among each type of suture and then subdivided into five groups of 10 according to the various immersion times (baseline, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) in artificial saliva. A universal test machine was used to measure the tensile strength at a speed of 25 cm/min, stretch each sample until the material fails, and record the maximum strength in Newtons (N). Finally, the failure point of the samples was evaluated at 10× increase using a stereromicroscope (Leica Biosystems). Results. When analyzing the tensile strength of the various groups of sutures, it was evidenced that PG maintained its strength, which was lowest at baseline and highest at 21 days. When performing the statistical inference of PG and PTFE, it was found that the force necessary to achieve detachment was not statistically significant (p<0.05). However, it was shown that the force necessary to achieve rupture in the BS group was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion. To sum up, when comparing the in vitro tensile strength of PG, BS, and PTFE sutures at baseline and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, there was no statistically significant difference. This indicates that all sutures used present sufficient performance that remains resistant as time progresses.

scholarly journals Combinatorial immunotherapy of N-803 (IL-15 superagonist) and dinutuximab with ex vivo expanded natural killer cells significantly enhances in vitro cytotoxicity against GD2+ pediatric solid tumors and in vivo survival of xenografted immunodeficient NSG mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e002267
Author(s):  
Yaya Chu ◽  
Gaurav Nayyar ◽  
Susiyan Jiang ◽  
Jeremy M. Rosenblum ◽  
Patrick Soon-Shiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Event Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Nsg Mice ◽  
Ifn Γ

BackgroundChildren with recurrent and/or metastatic osteosarcoma (OS), neuroblastoma (NB) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have a dismal event-free survival (<25%). The majority of these solid tumors highly express GD2. Dinutuximab, an anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody, significantly improved event-free survival in children with GD2+ NB post autologous stem cell transplantation and enhanced natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. Thus, approaches to increase NK cell number and activity, improve persistence and trafficking, and enhance tumor targeting may further improve the clinical benefit of dinutuximab. N-803 is a superagonist of an interleukin-15 (IL-15) variant bound to an IL-15 receptor alpha Su-Fc fusion with enhanced biological activity.MethodsThe anti-tumor combinatorial effects of N-803, dinutuximab and ex vivo expanded peripheral blood NK cells (exPBNK) were performed in vitro using cytoxicity assays against GD2+ OS, NB and GBM cells. Perforin and interferon (IFN)-γ levels were measured by ELISA assays. Multiple cytokines/chemokines/growth factors released were measured by multiplex assays. Human OS, GBM or NB xenografted NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (NSG) mice were used to investigate the anti-tumor combinatorial effects in vivo.ResultsN-803 increased the viability and proliferation of exPBNK. The increased viability and proliferation are associated with increased phosphorylation of Stat3, Stat5, AKT, p38MAPK and the expression of NK activating receptors. The combination of dinutuximab and N-803 significantly enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity of exPBNK with enhanced perforin and IFN-γ release against OS, GBM and NB. The combination of exPBNK+N-803+dinutuximab significantly reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF-β) from OS or GBM tumor cells. Furthermore, OS or GBM significantly inhibited the secretion of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) from exPBNK cells (p<0.001) but significantly enhanced monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) secretion from exPBNK cells (p<0.001). N-803 combined with dinutuximab and exPBNK cells significantly extended the survival of OS, GBM or NB xenografted NSG mice.ConclusionsOur results provide the rationale for the development of a clinical trial of N-803 in combination with dinutuximab and ex vivo exPBNK cells in patients with recurrent or metastatic GD2+ solid tumors.

scholarly journals 5,6-Epoxycholesterol Isomers Induce Oxiapoptophagy in Myeloma Cells

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3747
Author(s):  
Oumaima Jaouadi ◽  
Inès Limam ◽  
Mohamed Abdelkarim ◽  
Emna Berred ◽  
Ahlem Chahbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Acquired Drug Resistance ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with frequent patient relapse due to innate or acquired drug resistance. Cholesterol metabolism is reported to be altered in MM; therefore, we investigated the potential anti-myeloma activity of two cholesterol derivatives: the 5,6 α- and 5,6 β-epoxycholesterol (EC) isomers. To this end, viability assays were used, and isomers were shown to exhibit important anti-tumor activity in vitro in JJN3 and U266 human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs) and ex vivo in myeloma patients’ sorted CD138+ malignant cells. Moreover, we confirmed that 5,6 α-EC and 5,6 β-EC induced oxiapoptophagy through concomitant oxidative stress and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy. Interestingly, in combination treatment a synergistic interaction was observed between 5,6 α-EC and 5,6 β-EC on myeloma cells. These data highlight a striking anti-tumor activity of 5,6 α-EC and 5,6 β-EC bioactive molecules against human myeloma cells, paving the way for their potential role in future therapeutic strategies in MM.

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