Solid State Recycling of Aluminum Alloy Chips via Pulsed Electric Current Sintering

We experimentally tested the costs of deep torpor at low temperatures by comparing telomere dynamics in two species of rodents hibernating at either 3 or 14°C. Our data show that hibernators kept at the warmer temperature had higher arousal frequencies, but maintained longer telomeres than individuals hibernating at the colder temperature. We suggest that the high-energy demand of frequent arousals is counteracted by a lower temperature differential between torpid and euthermic body temperature and that telomere length is restored during arousals when the body temperature is returned to normothermic values. Taken together, our study shows that hibernation at low body temperatures comes with costs on a cellular level and that hibernators need to actively counterbalance the shortening of telomeres.

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Pulsed Electric Current Sintering of Nano-Crystalline Iron-Base Powders

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.589 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 534-536 ◽

pp. 589-592

Author(s):

Yuan Yuan Li ◽

Yan Long ◽

Xiao Qiang Li ◽

Yun Zhong Liu

Keyword(s):

Electric Current ◽

High Energy ◽

Sintered Specimen ◽

Iron Matrix ◽

Crystalline Materials ◽

Densification Temperature ◽

Nano Crystalline ◽

Average Grain Size ◽

Pulsed Electric Current ◽

Particulate Size

A new process of pulsed electric current sintering was developed. It combines compaction with activated sintering effectively and can manufacture bulky nano-crystalline materials very quickly. Pulsed electric current sintering of high-energy ball-milled nano-crystalline iron-based powders is investigated in this work. A nanostructured steel is obtained with high relative density and hardness by this process. The average grain size of iron matrix is 58nm and the carbide particulate size is less than 100nm. The densification temperature of ball-milled powders is approximately 200°C lower than that of blended powders. When the sintering temperature increases, the density of as-sintered specimen increases but the hardness of as-sintered specimen first increases and then decreases. Microstructure analysis results show that the decrease of hardness is caused by the dramatic grain growth of iron matrix.

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EVALUATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT RETROFIT POTENTIAL FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICES IN INDIA

Architecture and Engineering ◽

10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-2-03-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 03-17

Author(s):

Gazal Dandia ◽

◽

Pratheek Sudhakaran ◽

Chaitali Basu ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Total Energy ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Savings ◽

High Energy ◽

Payback Period ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

The Cost

Introduction: High energy consumption by buildings is a great threat to the environment and one of the major causes of climate change. With a population of 1.4 billion people and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India is extremely vital for the future of global energy markets. The energy demand for construction activities continues to rise and it is responsible for over one-third of global final energy consumption. Currently, buildings in India account for 35% of total energy consumption and the value is growing by 8% annually. Around 11% of total energy consumption are attributed to the commercial sector. Energy-efficient retrofitting of the built environments created in recent decades is a pressing urban challenge. Presently, most energy-efficient retrofit projects focus mainly on the engineering aspects. In this paper, we evaluate various retrofitting options, such as passive architectural interventions, active technological interventions, or a combination of both, to create the optimum result for the selected building. Methods: Based on a literature study and case examples, we identified various energy-efficient retrofit measures, and then examined and evaluated those as applied to the case study of Awas Bhawan (Rajasthan Housing Board Headquarters), Jaipur, India. For the evaluation, we developed a simulation model using EQuest for each energy measure and calculated the resultant energy savings. Then, based on the cost of implementation and the cost of energy saved, we calculated the payback period. Finally, an optimum retrofit solution was formulated with account for the payback period and ease of installation. Results and discussion: The detailed analysis of various energy-efficient retrofit measures as applied to the case study indicates that the most feasible options for retrofit resulting in optimum energy savings with short payback periods include passive architecture measures and equipment upgrades.

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Localized Climatisation of Perishable Products: Solutions for Increasing Energy Efficiency

Volume 8B: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2014-36750 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Johannes Wagner ◽

Mirko Schäfer ◽

Long Phan ◽

Alexander Schlüter ◽

Jens Hesselbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Savings ◽

High Energy ◽

Perishable Products ◽

Refrigeration System ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Cooling Systems ◽

The Usa

Many industries have significant requirements regarding temperature control, air humidity and air pollution which must be strictly adhered to avoid bacterial formation and contamination. High refrigeration specifications are only required in certain areas. However, these specifications are often applied across the whole production hall which results in unnecessarily high energy demand and usage. A more energy efficient approach is the localized cooling of the product, which conditions the direct environment of the product only. This leads to the consideration of separating or localizing the products specifically requiring refrigeration in the production hall. In this paper, localized product cooling systems are analyzed in order to identify the savings potential associated with a localized refrigeration system. The study shows the energy savings potential for a manufacturing company located in three different locations: in Germany, Canada and the USA.

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Determination of fixed expenses in central heating costs allocation

Management of Environmental Quality An International Journal ◽

10.1108/meq-02-2014-0030 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 810-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

John Joachim Gelegenis ◽

Douglas Harris ◽

Danae Diakoulaki ◽

Helen Lampropoulou ◽

George Giannakidis

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Cost Allocation ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Heating System ◽

High Energy ◽

Content Type ◽

Central Heating ◽

Detailed Simulation ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reduction in efficiency of central heating systems of multi-family buildings when independent heating capability is offered to each apartment, to access the impact of the applied heating cost allocation (HCA) on this deterioration and suggest highly cost-effective ways (operation, control strategy, alternative HCA) of overcoming them at minimum cost. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reveals the problem of reduced efficiency in centrally heated multi-family dwellings through two case studies in real buildings, where data-loggers were installed and performance curve analysis was performed, in combination with detailed simulation. Findings – The paper finds that the enforcement of a suitable HCA regulation is a prerequisite to achieving energy savings in centrally heated multi-family dwellings. In addition the effects of dissimilarly heated apartments on the total energy demand and the significance of indirect heating and how these should be charged, are assessed. It is found that convenient operation of the central heating system may lead to high energy cost savings and higher efficiency at no cost. Research limitations/implications – HCA adopted more than three decades ago should be revised according to the present situation, namely, increasing fuel costs, existence of many low income families, energy poverty, availability of alternative (or supplementary) heating devices and better building envelopes. Practical implications – Occupants of multi-family dwellings should be appropriately educated and agree on rational use of the common heating system of the building. Originality/value – The paper identifies weak points of valid HCA regulation, reveals inefficiencies in centrally heated multi-family dwellings and measures the actual effectiveness of remedying measures. Detailed simulation contributes to the scientific documentation of the findings.

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Nearly Zero Energy Standard for Non-Residential Buildings with High Energy Demands—An Empirical Case Study Using the State Related Properties of Bavaria

10.20944/preprints201701.0030.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Keltsch ◽

Werner Lang ◽

Thomas Auer

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Energy Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

Primary Energy ◽

The State ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Primary Energy Demand ◽

New Buildings

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 calls for the Nearly Zero Energy Standard for new buildings from 2021 onwards: Buildings using “almost no energy” are powered by renewable sources or energy produced by the building itself. For residential buildings, this ambitious new standard has already been reached. But for other building types this goal is still far away. The potential of these buildings to meet a Nearly Zero Energy Standard was investigated by analyzing ten case studies representing non-residential buildings with different uses. The analysis shows that the primary characteristics common to critical building types are a dense building context with a very high degree of technical installation (such as hospital, research and laboratory buildings). The large primary energy demand of these types of buildings cannot be compensated by building and property-related energy generation including off-site renewables. If the future Nearly Zero Energy Standard were to be defined with lower requirements because of this, the state related properties of Bavaria suggest that the real potential energy savings available in at least 85% of all new buildings would be insufficiently exploited. Therefore, it would be useful to instead individualize the legal energy verification process for new buildings to distinguish critical building types such as laboratories and hospitals.

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Nearly Zero Energy Standard for Non-Residential Buildings with High Energy Demands—An Empirical Case Study Using the State Related Properties of Bavaria

10.20944/preprints201701.0030.v2 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Keltsch ◽

Werner Lang ◽

Thomas Auer

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Energy Performance ◽

High Energy ◽

Primary Energy ◽

The State ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Primary Energy Demand ◽

New Buildings

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 calls for the Nearly Zero Energy Standard for new buildings from 2021 onwards: Buildings using “almost no energy” are powered by renewable sources or energy produced by the building itself. For residential buildings, this ambitious new standard has already been reached. But for other building types this goal is still far away. The potential of these buildings to meet a Nearly Zero Energy Standard was investigated by analyzing ten case studies representing non-residential buildings with different uses. The analysis shows that the primary characteristics common to critical building types are a dense building context with a very high degree of technical installation (such as hospital, research and laboratory buildings). The large primary energy demand of these types of buildings cannot be compensated by building and property-related energy generation including off-site renewables. If the future Nearly Zero Energy Standard were to be defined with lower requirements because of this, the state related properties of Bavaria suggest that the real potential energy savings available in at least 85% of all new buildings would be insufficiently exploited. Therefore, it would be useful to instead individualize the legal energy verification process for new buildings to distinguish critical building types such as laboratories and hospitals.

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Monitoring energy audit for energy savings using non cost technique at electronics company

Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology ◽

10.15282/jmmst.v5i1.6143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Ahmad Razlan Yusoff ◽

M.N. Mohd Foudzi ◽

M.Y. Taib ◽

A.S. Arnizam Shah

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Essential Element ◽

Modern Society ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Audit ◽

Audit Process ◽

Energy Saving Technique ◽

Economical Growth

Energy is essential element for economical growth in industry and it measures directly the standard of living for a country. The economical growth and energy demand in the modern society need to be reduced the energy consumption. In this paper, energy consumption was monitored and audited for an electronic company in Malaysia. The energy consumption was analysed based on electrical bill and then the power consumption has been verified based on energy audit process using power analyser for this electronic company. It is monitored that the energy audit for the whole company and point out the possiblity of non cost energy saving technique. From 10 locations analyses, 3 locations are main soursces contribite to high energy consumption. There are compressor room, busbar 15 and busbar 16 relates to chiller room that supply the air conditioning system in the company. The energy audit can provide the non cost suitable technique for energy savings and profit improvement in this electronic company.

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