scholarly journals Technical–Economic Feasibility Analysis of Subsea Shuttle Tanker

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yihan Xing ◽  
Tan Aditya Dwi Santoso ◽  
Yucong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subsea Pipelines

This paper presents the technical and economic feasibility analysis of the subsea shuttle tanker (SST). The SST is proposed as an alternative to subsea pipelines and surface tankers with the primary purpose of transporting CO2 autonomously underwater from onshore facilities to subsea wells for direct injection at marginal subsea fields. In contrast to highly weather-dependent surface tanker operations, the SST can operate in any condition underwater. The technical–economic analysis is performed in two steps. First, the SST’s technical feasibility is evaluated by investigating designs with lower and higher capacities. The purpose is to observe the appearance of technical limits (if present) when the SST is scaled down or up in size. Second, an economic analysis is performed using the well-reviewed cost models from the publicly available Zero Emissions Platform (ZEP) and Maritime Un-manned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks (MUNIN) D9.3 reports. The scenarios considered are CO2 transport volumes of 1 to 20 million tons per annum (mtpa) with transport distances of 180 km to 1500 km in which the cost per ton of CO2 is compared between offshore pipelines, crewed/autonomous tanker ships, and SST. The results show that SSTs with cargo capacities 10,569 m3, 23,239 m3, and 40,730 m3 are technically feasible. Furthermore, the SSTs are competitive for short and intermediate distances of 180–750 km and smaller CO2 volumes of 1–2.5 mtpa. Lastly, it is mentioned that the SST design used the DNVGL Rules for Classification for Naval Vessels, Part 4 Sub-surface ships, Chapter 1 Submarine, DNVGL-RU-NAVAL-Pt4Ch1, which is primarily catered towards military submarine design. It is expected that a dedicated structural design code that is optimized for the SST would reduce the structural weight and corresponding capital expenditure (CAPEX).

Comparison of the Efficacy of Electrostatic versus Conventional Sprayer with Commercial Antimicrobials To Inactivate Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni for Eggs and Economic Feasibility Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1864-1870
Author(s):  
WENTAO JIANG ◽  
XIAOLI ETIENNE ◽  
KAWANG LI ◽  
CANGLIANG SHEN
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Electrostatic Spraying ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of antimicrobials sprayed by electrostatic versus conventional sprayer for inactivation of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter jejuni on eggs and to determine the economic feasibility of these treatments. Eggs were dip inoculated with overnight cultures (18 h) of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Tennessee, a two-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes, and a three-strain mixture of C. jejuni (microaerophilic condition). Inoculated eggs were then not sprayed or subjected to electrostatic and conventional spraying with peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 0.1%), lactic acid (5.0%), lactic and citric acid blend (2.5%), sodium hypochlorite (SH; 50 ppm), and SaniDate-5.0 (SD [a mixture of PAA and H2O2]; 0.25%) for 30 s (15 s each side). Surviving bacteria on eggshells were recovered on xylose lysine Tergitol 4 agar (Salmonella), modified Oxford agar (L. monocytogenes), or Brucella agar (C. jejuni). Compared with conventional spraying, electrostatic spraying of PAA, SD, and SH achieved significant additional reductions (P < 0.05) of Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and C. jejuni of 0.96 to 3.18, 1.19 to 3.05, and 0.96 to 1.62 log CFU per egg, respectively. A simple cost comparison suggests that regardless of the antimicrobial agent used, the cost of using an electrostatic sprayer is 20 to 40% lower than that of a conventional sprayer for a small poultry farm that produces 1,500 eggs per day. Among the five antimicrobials, the total sanitizing cost was lowest for SH, followed by PAA and SD. The results indicated that electrostatic spraying of commercial antimicrobials can be considered an effective and economical approach to enhancing the microbial safety of eggs, especially for small poultry processors.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of Tissue Culture for Rapid Forest Improvement

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiq Hasnain ◽  
Ralph P. Overend ◽  
René Pigeon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotation Age ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tissue Culture Plantlets

The economic feasibility of the use of tissue culture in forestry for planting stock production depends on two main conditions. One is the ability to produce sufficient genetic gain in a breeding program through controlled crosses, while the other depends on the utilization of the genetic gain (i.e. increased growth rate) to reduce rotation age. The cost of tissue culture plantlets will be relatively high, but will be more than compensated by the savings realized due to a shorter growth period.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EKONOMI PEMANFAATAN JUS LIMBAH WORTEL (Daucus Carota L.) SEBAGAI FEED SUPPLEMENT TERNAK AYAM KAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Hasrianti ., Silondae ◽  
Vicky Ventje Johan Panelewen ◽  
Jolanda Kitsia Juliana Kalangi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
C Value ◽  
Experimental Garden

This study aims to determine the economic feasibility of utilizing carrot juice (Daucus carota L.) as feed supplement for native chicken. The study was conducted from April to July 2019 in the Pandu Experimental Garden in North Minahasa Regency. Economic analysis in the form of income analysis to determine the income derived from the livestock business by raising native chickens. If the value of TR> TC, the livestock business is profitable, if TR = TC, the livestock business is in a BEP condition, and if TR <TC, the livestock business loses. Business feasibility analysis includes price BEP, production BEP and R / C ratio. The results showed that the utilization of carrot juice (Daucus carota L.) as a feed supplement for native chicken livestock is economically feasible to be cultivated because it provides benefits based on economic analysis of R / C value> 1 and Break Event Point that is exceeded by product income and rupiah.*eprm*

scholarly journals Financial and economic feasibility of decentralized wastewater reuse systems in Beijing

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1965-1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Meine Pieter van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Low Rate

Many decentralized wastewater reuse systems have been constructed in Beijing. However their performance is not as good as expected. The total amount of reclaimed water used in Beijing is much less than the designed capacity. In order to understand the reasons causing such poor performance, an integrated financial and economic feasibility analysis for the decentralized wastewater reuse systems in Beijing is carried out in this paper. The monetary values of all the major economic, environmental and social effects are quantified. The financial analysis is made from the viewpoint of the project manager, while the economic analysis is done from the angle of government. The results show that the decentralized wastewater reuse systems in Beijing are economically but not financially feasible. It is found that the low rate actually charged for reclaimed water is an important reason for the system not being financially feasible. The decentralized wastewater reuse systems in Beijing may not continue to operate if the financial problems are not solved.

scholarly journals Techno-economic Feasibility Analysis of Photovoltaic Charging Station for Electric Boats in Sabangko Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
B. D. Indradjaja ◽  
B. Ramadhani ◽  
Phil. M. Günther ◽  
P. Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Energy Modelling ◽  
The World ◽  
Remote Islands ◽  
Battery Energy

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. There are thousands of islands that are located far away from the grid that needs access to electricity. As a result, PV mini-grids have been installed in many remote islands. However, most of these PV mini-grids are under-utilized producing large amounts of unused excess energy. Since most of the inhabitants of these remote islands depend on fishing for their livelihoods, an idea was proposed to use excess energy from a PV mini-grid to power electric boats. This paper presents a techno-economic feasibility analysis of a PV charging station for electric boats using Sabangko Island in Makassar as an exemplary location. A detailed analysis of the existing system shows that there is enough excess energy to charge several boat batteries. The economic analysis shows that the LCOE of the project is quite low relative to other off-grid projects and the price of renting and charging a battery is still affordable.Keywords: PV, charging station, electric boat, battery, energy modelling

scholarly journals Quantitative indicators of economic reliability analysis press-granulator with a fixed matrix

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
N. Boltyanska ◽  
A. Komar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Machine Reliability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fixed Matrix ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Purpose. Determine the main quantitative indicators for the economic analysis of the reliability of the pellet mill with a fixed matrix. Methods. Methods of grouping, system analysis, synthesis, scientific generalizations and the method of argumentation were used. Results. It is indicated that the main quantitative indicators for the economic analysis of machine reliability are: the cost of measures to increase reliability, the economic effect of increasing reliability and the payback period of measures to increase reliability. Equations are given for determining the payback period of measures to increase reliability and operating costs with increasing reliability. The conditions of economic feasibility of work to increase the level of reliability are determined. Conclusions. The calculations show that the annual economic effect of increasing the reliability of the pelletizer is 175.82 thousand UAH/year. Reliability enhancement measures reduce operating costs by 18.7% and payback periods are 2.55 years. Keywords: livestock, pellet press, reliability, efficient use, economic feasibility.

scholarly journals SENSITIVITAS KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PADA RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN LAWE ALAS – PEDESI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGGARA PROVINSI ACEH

Teras Jurnal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
M. Isya ◽  
Sugiarto Sugiarto ◽  
Jetno Harja
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Bridge Construction ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Level Of Risk

<p align="center"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Elemen-elemen dasar biaya dan  manfaat dalam analisis kelayakan proyek jarang diwakili oleh hanya satu nilai yang benar dan pasti. Dengan demikian hasil studi kelayakan ekonomi proyek juga bukanlah kepastian. Untuk itu perlu dilihat sejauh mana perubahan elemen biaya dan manfaat terhadap kelayakan ekonomi proyek. Cara sederhana untuk melakukan hal tersebut adalah dengan melakukan analisis sensitivitas. Pada analisis sensitivitas kelayakan ekonomi ini dilihat sejauh mana perubahan tingkat kelayakan jika terjadi perubahan pada komponen biaya dan manfaat. Analisis sensitivitas pada kajian ini dilakukan pada rencana proyek pembangunan jembatan Lawe Alas – Pedesi di Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara Provinsi Aceh. Skenario sensitivitas yang dilakukan di sini mencoba melihat pengaruh pertambahan biaya dan berkurangnya manfaat terhadap kelayakan ekonomi proyek pembangunan jembatan tersebut. Dengan demikian tingkat resiko kelayakan ekonomi dapat diketahui.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Kata kunci: <em>Study kelayakan, kelayakan ekonomi, analisis sensitivitas</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">The basic elements of costs and benefits in a project feasibility analysis are not  represented by a single one as a definite value. Consequently, the results of the project's economic feasibility study are also uncertain. Based on that reason, it is necessary to see the influence of variability of the elements of costs and benefits to the economic feasibility of the project. A simple way to determine the feasibility variability  is by doing sensitivity analysis scenario. In this feasibility sensitivity analysis, the variability of costs and benefitsare done by increasing the cost and lowering the benefit. The sensitivity analysis in this study was applied to the new  Lawe Alas - Pedesi bridge construction project in Aceh Tenggara District Aceh Province. The sensitivity scenario done in order to determined the effect of increased costs and reduced benefits on the economic feasibility. Thus the level of risk of economic feasibility can be also determined.</p><p class="11daftarpustaka"> </p><p class="11daftarpustaka">Keywords: feasibility study, economic feasibility, sensitivity analysis<em></em></p>

Economic feasibility of restoration of degraded and neglected lands

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Anastasiya V. Mironova ◽  
Igor’ V. Liskin ◽  
Irina I. Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Neglect of soils leads to their degradation, worsens useful properties, and reduces fertility and productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in conducting a comparative analysis of technologies for treating degraded soils, taking into account the economic feasibility of their restoration in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Materials and methods) The article shows the main technological scheme of restoration of degraded soils. Authors have identified the main groups of land that are located in non-black-soil regions of Russia. (Results and discussion) The article presents the need for equipment, economic and labor costs for the restoration of each type of land in the non-black-soil regions of Russia. Authors took into account that the salary of machine operators depends on the time of direct execution of the task. It was found that the restoration of virgin and fallow lands was the most preferable from the economic, energy-saving and environmental points of view. The article shows that the restoration of pasture areas exceeds the cost of processing virgin lands, but the number of necessary machine and tractor units is comparable to work on virgin lands. Authors recommend to develop the soils with woody and shrubby vegetation in the first place, starting with land occupied by young plants. It is necessary to take into account the criteria for the fertility of the soil layer. It was found that soils with a small excess of moisture have small cost of its development, while on heavily swampy soils the cost of work on their development is many times higher than the cost of restoring other types of land. (Conclusion) The article shows that the restoration of neglected land is a necessary condition for improving the provision of human needs for food and a number of industrial goods. First of all, it is necessary to develop land that requires minimal investment of economic and labor costs.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Dong Han ◽  
Wang Yeol Lee ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Jayoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

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