scholarly journals The Navigator’s Aspect of PNC before and after ECDIS Implementation: Facts and Potential Implications towards Navigation Safety Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Maro Car ◽  
David Brčić ◽  
Srđan Žuškin ◽  
Boris Svilicic

The global maritime digitalization reflects on navigation and paperless vessels with Paper Navigational Charts (PNC) nowadays superseded by Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). Considering the system implementation and its acceptance as a sole navigational means, opinions of navigators differ. Although the ECDIS mandatory implementation ended in 2018, some navigators have been still favouring PNCs, pointing out their advantages over ECDIS navigation. These standpoints may have an impact on the safety of navigation in terms of acceptance, interpretation, and understanding of the system as well as on conflict of standpoints of decisive navigational ranks, the latter reason being found as one of the real problems. The presented study has focused on a specific period, soon after the transitional period completion, aiming to determine the views of traditional navigation advocates, their arguments in the present maritime navigation paperless era and to identify potential problems emerging from the conflict of two navigational means. The research has induced two independent, internationally distributed questionnaires, dedicated to navigational ranks. The first survey has referred to the period from 2012 to 2018, marking the transition to ECDIS navigation. The second survey was conducted after the implementation period completion date. The answers were analysed and discussed from the navigational ranks’ perspective, considering their competitiveness and the level of ECDIS education. The research results have indicated and confirmed that PNCs could not entirely be ruled out, at least at this stage. Besides definitive questionnaire answers, the findings have been supported with categorised comments as interpreted from the first survey questionnaire results. The paper aims to present the future of the PNCs, including possibilities of fusion with modern means. The proposed suggestions have been directed towards the benefits of maritime navigation safety, referring especially to disagreement between navigational ranks in terms of particular means acceptance.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Gutama Kusse Getele ◽  
Arrive Tsitaire Jean

The objective of this article is to analyse the implementation of BPR in e-commerce platforms by measuring the level of customer satisfaction. The issues tested involve: how customers perceive the BPR objectives in e-commerce platforms; time used for diverse transactions before and after BPR; awareness and usage of BPR services provided by e-commerce platforms; satisfaction about the e-commerce platform services after BPR; BPR impact on customers, employees and e-commerce platform performance; advantages of BPR in e-commerce platforms and; difficulties faced by the customers after BPR in the e-commerce platform. Primary data was used through a survey questionnaire on a random sample of 402 student customers of Taobao and JD.com. The results found that time saving is significantly positive on implementation of BPR; following customers perceived a better quality of customer service. The sample student customers perceived that the BPR has a greater impact on customers than on employees, as well as on the performance of a platform.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Williamson ◽  
Hans Nilsson ◽  
Anja Moslinger ◽  
Sofia Bergman ◽  
Gabriella Stenberg-Wieser

<p>Defined as the region where the plasma interaction region of a comet goes from being solar wind-dominated to cometary ion-dominated, the cometopause is a region of comingling plasmas and complex dynamics. The Rosetta mission orbited comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for roughly two years. During this time, the cometopause was observed by the Ion Composition Analyzer (ICA), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), before and after the spacecraft was in the solar wind ion cavity, defined as the region where no solar wind ions were measured. Data from ICA shows that solar wind and cometary ions have similar momentum and energy flux moments during this transitional period, indicating mass loading and deflection of the solar wind. We examine higher order moments and distribution functions for the solar wind and cometary species between December 2015 and March 2016. The behavior of the solar wind protons indicates that in many cases these protons are deflected in a sunward direction, while the cometary ions continue to move predominately antisunward. By studying the distribution functions of the protons during these time periods, it is possible to see a non-Maxwellian energy distribution. This can inform on the nature of the cometopause boundary and the energy transfer mechanisms at play in this region.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Bakalar ◽  
Myriam Beatriz Baggini

In this paper, authors suggest an improvement in the electronic chart display and information system handling. Electronic nautical charts provide significant benefits to maritime navigation as a real time navigation system and all updates are important. This paper analyses the electronic chart use experiences on board ships. A questionnaire and survey were used so as to ascertain and corroborate the existing problems with corrections and maintenance of electronic charts on ships, and reliability of the systems was calculated. The survey results have shown that ship’s officers had serious problems with ECDIS systems which were difficult to solve during ship’s operation. A survey was done which showed that a significant percentage of the surveyed bridge officers and captains had problems with ECDIS system operation, such as operation stoppage due to different reasons. They did not always report failures of these systems while having continued to operate ECDIS. The reliability of those systems was also calculated and it resulted 0.916 or 91.6%. Compared to results of previous similar researches done by other scientists, the results of this research show an improvement in the ECDIS handling. It was concluded that a proper action was needed toward finding the solution to the future chart corrections procedure through remote monitoring and maintenance. The study results emphasized that taking action was necessary in the interest of safety protection on ships, with particular attention to be paid to better safety of navigation, of life, and of potential environmental pollution due to this type of information system failures. The results obtained by this study represent a good starting point for future researches in the field.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (Sup9) ◽  
pp. S4-S11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Montague ◽  
Matthew Karafa ◽  
Nancy M. Albert

Objective: In this study, clinical nurses' documentation of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) were compared with wound expert documentation before and after implementing a valid, reliable severity index (SI) instrument. Methods: A prospective, non-equivalent, two group comparative design within three hospital medical units. Pre- and post-implementation skin condition documentation were compared by clinician type, and post-implementation IADSI scores were assessed for agreement using standard and weighted Kappa. Results: Of 89 patients (pre-, n=48 and post-, n=38), mean (standard deviation) age was 72.4±13.7 years and 57.3% had IAD. Mean IADSI score was 13.2 (standard deviation: 10.5; range: 0–52), reflecting pink intact skin. Post-implementation, skin documentation between clinicians was more likely to match, from 35.4 to 84.2%, p<0.001. Post-implementation, after controlling for age, gender and race, the odds ration (OR) of matched documentation between clinicians was 5.80 ([95% confidence interval: 1.8, 18.6], p=0.003) compared with pre-implementation. In the post-implementation period, standard Kappas for agreement in clinical nurse-wound expert documentation in the lower back/buttocks/upper thigh areas ranged from 0.82 to 1.0, reflecting very good agreement. Weighted kappas ranged from 0.76 to 1.0, also reflecting good to very good agreement. Conclusion: Implementation of an IADSI assessment instrument improved accuracy of IAD documentation.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S346-S346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirre Wold ◽  
Jeff Brock ◽  
Kelly Percival ◽  
Lindsey Rearigh ◽  
Lucas Vocelka ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a common clinical condition identified by the presence of bacteria in the urine of a patient without signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Treatment of ASB leads to unnecessary antimicrobial use and can cause more harm than benefit in many patients. This study is to determine the impact of more stringent criteria for urinalysis with culture if indicated (UAC), implemented in September 2016, on the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Methods A pre-post descriptive study of patients was conducted with an order placed for UAC in the Emergency Department (ED) or hospital. Data was collected retrospectively via chart reviews. The data on ASB patients from November 2015 to April 2016 was compared with the post-implementation period October 2016 to January 2017. The number of UAC orders and cultures were averaged for 6 months pre and post implementation of the criteria change. Results A total of 580 patient charts were assessed post-implementation of the UAC criteria change. A majority of the orders originated from the ED, (N = 430, 72.8%). ASB was treated inappropriately at a rate of 60.4% (N = 64/106) pre-implementation and a rate of 65% (N = 41/63) post implementation, P = 0.542. The total number of UAC ordered before and after implementation did not change, (N = 2852 pre-intervention vs N = 2825 post-intervention, P = 0.744), as seen in Figure 1. However, the number of reflexed urine cultures did significantly decrease post criteria change,&#x2028; (N = 1056 pre-intervention vs. N = 603 post-intervention, P &lt; 0.0001). In addition, the number of positive urine cultures also significantly decreased, (N = 378 pre-intervention vs. N = 289 post-intervention, P = 0.0447). The impact the criteria change had on patient care is the number of potential antibiotic courses saved by reflexing fewer urine cultures off the UAC. Based on the decrease in positive urine cultures, it is estimated 702 courses of inappropriate antibiotics for ASB could be saved per year (59/month). Conclusion More stringent criteria for reflex urine cultures significantly decreases the number of urine cultures performed, therefore decreasing the number of patients treated with ASB. Additional stewardship measures are necessary to reduce the treatment of ASB for patients who have cultures performed. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1264-1275
Author(s):  
Nirav Shah ◽  
Anik Sinha ◽  
Aleda Thompson ◽  
Kevin Tremper ◽  
Arjun Meka ◽  
...  

Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background Perioperative controlled substance diversion and tracking have received increased regulatory focus throughout the United States. The authors’ institution developed and implemented an automated web-based software application for perioperative controlled substance management. The authors hypothesized that implementation of such a system reduces errors as measured by missing controlled substance medications, missing controlled substance kits (a package of multiple controlled substance medications), and missing witness signatures during kit return. Methods From December 1, 2014 to March 31, 2017, the authors obtained missing controlled substance medication, controlled substance kit, and witness return signature data during the preimplementation, implementation, and study period of the controlled substance management application at a single university hospital. This before and after study was based on a QI project at the authors’ institution. The authors included all cases requiring anesthesia services. The primary outcome of this study was the rate of missing controlled substance medications. Secondary outcomes included rates for kits not returned to pharmacy and missing kit return witness signatures. Results There were 54,302 cases during the preimplementation period, 57,670 cases during the implementation period, and 65,911 cases during the study period. The number of missing controlled substance medication (difference 0.7 per 1,000 cases; 95% CI, 0.38–1.02; P &lt; 0.001) and kit return errors (difference 0.45 per 1,000 cases; 95% CI, 0.24–0.66, P &lt; 0.001) declined after implementation of the application. There was no difference in the number of missing witness return signatures (difference 0.09 per 1,000 cases; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.26, P = 0.350). A user survey with 206 of 485 (42%) response rate demonstrated that providers believed the new application managed controlled substances better than the previous system. Conclusions A software application that tracks perioperative controlled substance kits with deep integration into the electronic health record and pharmacy systems is associated with a decrease in management errors.


Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Gang Wang ◽  
Kuan-Min Chen ◽  
Yu-Long Pei ◽  
Ying Wang

Many studies focused on the analysis of effect factors contributing to the crashes and development of crash prediction models have resulted in aggregate researches to quantify the safety effects of geometric and traffic variables and environmental concerns on the expected outcome of fatal, injury and/or property damage losses at specific locations. Crash insight regarding different locations, however, has rarely been performed. Such investigations are useful for at least two reasons. First, there is a priori need to identify high risk sites with respect to crash. Second, it is generally believed that different crash types (e.g. rear-end, angle etc.) are associated with road geometry, the environment and traffic condition, and as a result justifying the inside causes of such crashes helps with understanding and improving the specific ability to make effective countermeasures. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to (1) demonstrate that different crash types are associated to intersections in different ways and (2) reveal that the statistics of intersection crashes may lead to greater insights considering crash occurrence and countermeasure effectiveness. This paper first divides crashes into 5 categories or types: pedestrian-involved, rear-end, head-on, angle and sideswipe crash types. Based on 3208 crashes collected on the intersections in the city of Harbin during the period of 1992–2008, distribution, overall count and the occurrence of rate features are estimated resulting in two models. The performed analysis reveals that safety improvement factors such as the presence of a signal light set, a traffic monitoring device and ITS measure have a positive association with intersection crash in different ways, suggesting that different traffic control and management aspects may be helpful in identifying specific countermeasures in the overall safety improvement project. Santrauka Daugelis tyrimų, nagrinėjančių efektyvumo veiksnius, padedančius nustatyti susidūrimų prognozavimo modelius, paskatino įvairius tyrimus įvertinti eismo aplinkos sudedamųjų dalių ir jų parametrų įtaką mirties ir (arba) turtinės žalos atvejams konkrečiose vietose. Iki šiol tai buvo retas reiškinys. Tokie tyrimai yra svarbūs bent jau dėl dviejų priežasčių. Pirma, reikia nustatyti padidintos rizikos vietas atsižvelgiant į eismo įvykį. Antra, manoma, kad skirtingos susidūrimo rūšys yra susijusios su kelio geometrija, aplinkos ir eismo sąlygomis ir kaip pasekmė, pateisinanti vidines tokių susidūrimų priežastis, padeda suprasti ir pagerinti konkrečias galimybes imtis atsakomųjų veiksmų. Todėl šio darbo tikslas—parodyti, kad skirtingos susidūrimo rūšys įvairiai susijusios su eismu sankryžose, kad susidūrimų sankryžose statistika gali lemti didesnę įžvalgą, atsižvelgiant į įvykusį eismo įvykį ir atsakomųjų priemonių veiksmingumą. Šiame darbe susidūrimai skirstomi į 5 rūšis: susidūrimai su pėsčiaisiais, įvažiavimas į galinę transporto priemonės dalį, susidūrimas priekinėmis transporto priemonės dalimis, kampinis smūgis ir šoninis smūgis. Pasiskirstymas, bendras skaičius ir susidūrimų dažnis apskaičiuojami pagal du modelius remiantis informacija, surinkta iš 3028 eismo įvykių, įvykusių 1992–2008 m. Charbino miesto (Kinija) sankryžose. Atlikta analizė parodė, kad saugaus gerinimo veiksniai, t. y. šviesoforas, eismo stebėjimo prietaisai ir t.t., turi teigiamą įtaką. Skirtingi eismo kontrolės ir valdymo aspektai gali padėti rasti konkrečias atsakomąsias priemones, įgyvendinant visą saugaus eismo gerinimo projektą. Резюме Проблема безопасности дорожного движения актуальна во всех городах мира. Не является исключением и китайский город Харбин. Авторы исследуют влияние совокупности факторов, возникающих до и после дорожно-транспортного происшествия, для оценки эффективности проекта по безопасному движению на перекрестках в упомянутом городе. Исследуются места увеличенного риска возникновения дорожно-транспортного происшествия. Также принимается во внимание, что различные типы дорожно-транспортных происшествий тесно связаны с геометрическими параметрами дороги, условиями окружающей среды, условиями самого движения и т. д. Целью исследования было показать связь и влияние различных типов дорожно-транспортных происшествий на конкретные ситуации движения на перекрестках. Это необходимо для того, чтобы понять необходимость ответных мер по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения в потенциально опасных местах. Все дорожно-транспортные происшествия разделены на 5 типов. Далее на основании информации о 3028 дорожно-транспортных происшествий, зарегистрированных в период с 1992 по 2008 гг. на перекрестках города Харбина, представлены статистические результаты исследования. Проведенное исследование показало, что меры по увеличению безопасности дорожного движения (например, светофор, видео наблюдение за движением и т. д.) имели положительное влияние. Различные аспекты контроля за дорожным движением и управления им помогают найти ответные меры по претворению в жизнь проекта по обеспечению безопасности дорожного движения.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. e002965
Author(s):  
Tina Lavin ◽  
Robert Clive Pattinson ◽  
Erin Kelty ◽  
Yogan Pillay ◽  
David Brian Preen

ObjectivesTo investigate if the implementation of the 2016 WHO Recommendations for a Positive Pregnancy Experience reduced perinatal mortality in a South African province. The recommendations were implemented which included increasing the number of contacts and also the content of the contacts.MethodsRetrospective interrupted time-series analysis was conducted for all women accessing a minimum of one antenatal care contact from April 2014 to September 2019 in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. Retrospective interrupted time-series analysis of province level perinatal mortality and birth data comparing the pre-implementation period (April 2014–March 2017) and post-implementation period (April 2018–September 2019). The main outcome measure was unadjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for perinatal deaths before and after implementation; interrupted time-series analyses for trends in perinatal mortality before and after implementation; stillbirth risk by gestational age; primary cause of deaths (and maternal condition) before and after implementation.ResultsOverall, there was a 5.8% absolute decrease in stillbirths after implementation of the recommendations, however this was not statistically significant (PR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90% to 1.05%; p=0.073). Fresh stillbirths decreased by 16.6% (PR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77% to 0.95%; p=0.003) while macerated stillbirths (p=0.899) and early neonatal deaths remained unchanged (p=0.499). When stratified by weight fresh stillbirths >2500 g decreased by 17.2% (PR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70% to 0.94%; p=0.007) and early neonatal deaths decreased by 12.8% (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77% to 0.99%; p=0.041). The interrupted time-series analysis confirmed a trend for decreasing stillbirths at 0.09/1000 births per month (−0.09, 95% CI −1.18 to 0.01; p=0.059), early neonatal deaths (−0.09, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.04; p=<0.001) and perinatal mortality (−1.18, 95% CI −0.27 to −0.09; p<0.001) in the post-implementation period. A decrease in stillbirths, early neonatal deaths or perinatal mortality was not observed in the pre-implementation period. During the period when additional antenatal care contacts were implemented (34–38 weeks), there was a decrease in stillbirths of 18.4% (risk ratio (RR) 0.82, 95% CI 0.73% to 0.91%, p=0.0003). In hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the risk of stillbirth decreased in the post-period by 15.1% (RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.76% to 0.94%; p=0.002).ConclusionThe implementation of the 2016 WHO Recommendations for a Positive Pregnancy Experience may be an effective public health strategy to reduce stillbirths in South African provinces.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Anna Chmielewska

The purpose of the article is to show the life situation of drug addicts before the start of the withdrawal treatment in an addiction treatment centre and after all stages of the treatment have been completed. It is important to show the difference in perception of a person’s life status before and after treatment. Despite similar potential problems, for example in the housing, professional, health and family situation, there is a fundamental change in the way they are assessed and how to solve them. The reason is the confrontation with the disease that occurs during the stay in the centre. Thanks to it, it is possible to think about what to change in the person’s life. The broadly understood change is possible thanks to appropriate support after leaving the centre. This support, provided, among others, by social workers, consists in accompanying such a person in the implementation of subsequent challenges and in solving emerging problems. It is associated with motivating, indicating resources and strengthening the sense of agency in life.


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