scholarly journals Noble Pen Shell (Pinna nobilis) Mortalities along the Eastern Adriatic Coast with a Study of the Spreading Velocity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Željko Mihaljević ◽  
Željko Pavlinec ◽  
Ivana Giovanna Zupičić ◽  
Dražen Oraić ◽  
Aleksandar Popijač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
The North ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Mass Mortalities ◽  
Digestive Glands ◽  
Mycobacterium Spp

Noble pen shells (Pinna nobilis) along the Eastern Adriatic coast were affected by mass mortalities similarly to the populations across the Mediterranean basin. Samples of live animals and organs originating from sites on Mljet Island on the south and the Istrian peninsula on the north of the Croatian Adriatic coast were analyzed using histology and molecular techniques to detect the presence of the previously described Haplosporidium pinnae and Mycobacterium spp. as possible causes of these mortalities. To obtain more information on the pattern of the spread of the mortalities, a study was undertaken in Mljet National Park, an area with a dense population of noble pen shells. The results of the diagnostic analysis and the velocity of the spread of the mortalities showed a significant correlation between increases in water temperature and the onset of mortality. Moderate to heavy lesions of the digestive glands were observed in specimens infected with H. pinnae. A phylogenetic analysis of the detected Haplosporidium pinnae showed an identity of 99.7 to 99.8% with isolates from other Mediterranean areas, while isolated Mycobacterium spp. showed a higher heterogeneity among isolates across the Mediterranean. The presence of Mycobacterium spp. in clinically healthy animals a few months before the onset of mortality imposes the need for further clarification of its role in mortality events.

scholarly journals Tracking a mass mortality outbreak of pen shell Pinna nobilis populations: A collaborative effort of scientists and citizens

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo ◽  
Maite Vázquez-Luis ◽  
Baptiste Mourre ◽  
Elvira Álvarez ◽  
Salud Deudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Mass Mortality Event ◽  
Virtual Particles ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract A mass mortality event is devastating the populations of the endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis in the Mediterranean Sea from early autumn 2016. A newly described Haplosporidian endoparasite (Haplosporidium pinnae) is the most probable cause of this ecological catastrophe placing one of the largest bivalves of the world on the brink of extinction. As a pivotal step towards Pinna nobilis conservation, this contribution combines scientists and citizens’ data to address the fast- and vast-dispersion and prevalence outbreaks of the pathogen. Therefore, the potential role of currents on parasite expansion was addressed by means of drift simulations of virtual particles in a high-resolution regional currents model. A generalized additive model was implemented to test if environmental factors could modulate the infection of Pinna nobilis populations. The results strongly suggest that the parasite has probably dispersed regionally by surface currents, and that the disease expression seems to be closely related to temperatures above 13.5 °C and to a salinity range between 36.5–39.7 psu. The most likely spread of the disease along the Mediterranean basin associated with scattered survival spots and very few survivors (potentially resistant individuals), point to a challenging scenario for conservation of the emblematic Pinna nobilis, which will require fast and strategic management measures and should make use of the essential role citizen science projects can play.

scholarly journals The Via Claudia Valeria

1920 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 75-106
Author(s):  
Robert Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Mature Form ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Extensions ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Early Origin ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Principal Lines

The Via Claudia Valeria was the prolongation of the Via Valeria to its natural termination upon the shores of the Adriatic. During the Republican period the principal lines of communication between Rome and almost every part of Italy were fixed and settled, even if they had not become viae munitae; and so it remained for the Emperors to develop this system and bring it to its logical conclusion. The old Via Valeria linked Rome with Alba Fucens, and, by natural extensions, with the country of the Marsi and the Paeligni. The Emperor Claudius went a step further, and, by connecting the Via Valeria at Cerfennia (Collarmele) with the Mare Superum at the Ostia Aterni (Pescara), not only brought the Paeligni and the Marrucini into direct connection with the capital, but opened up a most important route between the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. With the Paeligni and the Marrucini, through whose territory the Via Claudia Valeria passed, the Romans never had any serious trouble. We first hear of relations between Rome and these people in the middle of the fourth century. No serious hostilities are mentioned and Roman armies appear to have been able to march through their territory without opposition.; In 304 B.C. Rome granted, a treaty to the Marrucini, Marsi, Paeligni and Frentani, all of whom remained generally loyal in aftertimes. The Via Salaria, which, in its mature form, connected Rome with Ausculum and Castrum Truentinum, a point on the Adriatic coast somewhat to the north of the mouth of the Aternus, was of very early origin. To the late Republican period (117 B.C.) belongs the Via Caecilia, which branched off from the Via Salaria in the valley of the Farfa (at the 36th mile) and, after passing through Amiternum, the chief town of the northern Sabini, reached Hadria and the coast.

Resistance of juveniles of the Mediterranean pen shell, (Pinna nobilis) to hypoxia and interaction with warming

2015 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Basso ◽  
Iris Hendriks ◽  
Alexandra Steckbauer ◽  
Carlos Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
The Mediterranean

Muschelseide – Goldene Gewänder aus dem Meer

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Norma Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Pen Shell ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Mediterranean

Zu den tierischen Rohstoffen, die der Mensch vor Erfindung der synthetischen Fasern nutzte, gehört eine besonders feine und seltene Faser zur Herstellung von Kleidungsstücken, die Byssus- oder Muschelseide. Hierbei handelt es sich um die Haftfäden der Edlen Steckmuschel Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 aus dem Mittelmeer, die bei erwachsenen Exemplaren bis 20 cm lang werden können. Schon in der Antike wurden aus diesen Fasern kostbare goldglänzende Gewänder in feinster mühevoller Handarbeit gefertigt. Nach einer Blütezeit während des Römischen Reichs wurde sie in den folgenden Jahrhunderten bis in das 20. Jh. zu Kleingegenständen, wie Handschuhe, Strümpfe oder Stickereien, verarbeitet. Die Zentren der Muschelseidenverarbeitung lagen im Golf von Tarent und auf Sardinien. Aufgrund von Überfischung kamen die Bestände fast zum Erlöschen und 1992 wurde die Art unter Schutz gestellt. Heute wird die Verarbeitung der Muschelseide nur noch zur Bewahrung eines alten Kunsthandwerks betrieben. In der Zoologischen Sammlung Rostock werden zwei Paar Handschuhe aus Muschelseide aus der 2. Hälfte des 18. Jh. aufbewahrt. Shell silk – golden robes from the sea Abstract: A particularly fine and rare fiber belongs to the animal raw materials that man used to make clothes, before the invention of synthetic fibers. It is byssus- or shell silk. This is the adhesive threads of the noble pen shell Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 from the Mediterranean Sea, which can grow up to 20 cm long in adult specimens. Even in ancient times, these fibers were used to make precious shiny gold garments with the finest of painstaking craftsmanship. After a heyday during the Roman Empire, it was processed in the following centuries until the 20th century to small items such as gloves, stockings or embroidery. The centers of shell silk processing were in the Gulf of Taranto and in Sardinia. Due to overfishing, the stocks almost became extinct and were placed under protection in 1992. Today, the processing of mussel silk is only carried out to preserve an old craft. Two pairs of gloves made of mussel silk from the 2nd half of the 18th century are kept in the Rostock Zoological Collection.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2838
Author(s):  
Athanasios Lattos ◽  
Kostantinos Feidantsis ◽  
Ioannis Georgoulis ◽  
Ioannis A. Giantsis ◽  
Dimitrios Karagiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Pinna Nobilis ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Isolated Tissues ◽  
Mass Mortalities

Due to the rapid decrease of Pinna nobilis populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While Haplosporidium pinnae is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected P. nobilis specimens against various pathogens, this study’s aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of P. nobilis individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of P. nobilis mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with H. pinnae in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future.

scholarly journals Impact of air–sea coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba de la Vara ◽  
William Cabos ◽  
Dmitry V. Sein ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work we use a regional atmosphere–ocean coupled model (RAOCM) and its stand-alone atmospheric component to gain insight into the impact of atmosphere–ocean coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The IP climate is influenced by both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea. Complex interactions with the orography take place there and high-resolution models are required to realistically reproduce its current and future climate. We find that under the RCP8.5 scenario, the generalized 2-m air temperature (T2M) increase by the end of the twenty-first century (2070–2099) in the atmospheric-only simulation is tempered by the coupling. The impact of coupling is specially seen in summer, when the warming is stronger. Precipitation shows regionally-dependent changes in winter, whilst a drier climate is found in summer. The coupling generally reduces the magnitude of the changes. Differences in T2M and precipitation between the coupled and uncoupled simulations are caused by changes in the Atlantic large-scale circulation and in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, the differences in projected changes of T2M and precipitation with the RAOCM under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios are tackled. Results show that in winter and summer T2M increases less and precipitation changes are of a smaller magnitude with the RCP4.5. Whilst in summer changes present a similar regional distribution in both runs, in winter there are some differences in the NW of the IP due to differences in the North Atlantic circulation. The differences in the climate change signal from the RAOCM and the driving Global Coupled Model show that regionalization has an effect in terms of higher resolution over the land and ocean.

scholarly journals Polychaete Diversity Related to Different Mesophotic Bioconstructions along the Southeastern Italian Coast

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Maria Flavia Gravina ◽  
Cataldo Pierri ◽  
Maria Mercurio ◽  
Carlotta Nonnis Marzano ◽  
Adriana Giangrande
Keyword(s):  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
The North ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Current Circulation ◽  
Italian Coast

In the different mesophotic bioconstructions recently found along the Southeastern Italian coast, polychaetes have been proved to show high species richness and diversity, hitherto never investigated. In the present study, the species composition and functional role of polychaete assemblages were analysed; the updated key to identification of the Mediterranean species of genus Eunice was presented and some taxonomic issues were also discussed. On the total of 70 species Serpulidae and Eunicida were the dominant polychaetes. Facing similar levels of α-diversity, the polychaete assemblages showed a high turnover of species along the north-south gradient, clearly according to the current circulation pattern, as well as to the different bioconstructors as biological determinants. Indeed, Serpulidae were dominant on the mesophotic bioconstructions primarily formed by the deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte cochlear, while the Eunicida prevailed on the mesophotic bioconstructions mainly built by scleractinians. Lastly, the record of Eunice dubitata was the first for the Mediterranean and Italian fauna and proved this species to be characteristic of mesophotic bioconstructions.

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